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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ) 語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總 第03章 數(shù)詞 1. It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ____ journey. 【200北京春】 A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours 2. It is reported that the United States uses _____ energy as the whole of Europe. 【NMETxx全國(guó)III-33】 A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 3．The house rent is expensive . I’ve got about half the space I had at home and I’m paying here . 【xx上海】 A．a(chǎn)s three times much B．a(chǎn)s much three times C．much as three times D．three times as much 4.He did it ____ it took me. 【xx北京】 A. one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time 5．______of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.【xx上?！? A.two fifth; is B.two fifth; are C.two fifths ; is D.two fifths; are 6. It is not rare in _______ that people _______ fifties are going to university for further education. 【xx上海】 A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their 7. _______ cave that George has discovered in his life time is near the Alps. 【1992上?！? A. The hundredth B. The hundred C. Hundredth D. A hundredth 8. The hero of the story is an artist in his _______. 【1991】 A.thirtieth B.thirty C.thirtys D.thirties 9. Shortly after the accident, two _______ police were sent to the post to keep order. 【1992】 A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of 10. China is _______ larger than the United States. 【1990上海】 A. one six B. one sixth C. one sixes D. one sixths 11. He looked quite healthy though he was_______.【1985上?！? A.in seventy B.in his seventies C.at seventies D.at the age of seventy 12. Mr. Smith _______ me to buy several _______ eggs for the dinner party. 【1992上海】 A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens 13. Two_______died of cold last winter. 【1988】 A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples 答案與解析 1. C該題考查數(shù)詞加名詞構(gòu)成的合成詞的用法。three-hour中間需加連字符左前置定語(yǔ)，journey可數(shù)需加不定冠詞a。題意：用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才到那里。那是三個(gè)小時(shí)的旅程。 2. D 該題表示倍數(shù)的用法。表示倍數(shù)的句型：①倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than…②倍數(shù)+ 同級(jí)比較（as/so+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)（名詞）+as…③倍數(shù)+the size(length, weight…) of…。據(jù)此應(yīng)選B。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道美國(guó)所消耗的能源是歐洲所消耗總和的兩倍。 3.D 考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式，在表達(dá)倍數(shù)時(shí)，倍數(shù)都應(yīng)位于原級(jí)或比較級(jí)之前，因此D正確。 4.D 該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。數(shù)詞one-third要放在名詞前面，而名詞time后面有定語(yǔ)從句it took me，故為特指，應(yīng)當(dāng)在他前面加定冠詞the。因此，答案為D。題意：他做這件事用了我用時(shí)的三分之一。 5．C該題考查數(shù)詞與主謂一致的用法。分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)式“基數(shù)詞+序數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)”；land為不可數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。句意：該地區(qū)五分之二的土地為草和森林所覆蓋。 6. D該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。在幾十年代，在數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前加定冠詞，即in the 90s；在某人多少多歲時(shí)，是在數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前加形容詞性的物主代詞，即：in one’s fifties。句意：九十年代人們五十多歲時(shí)上大學(xué)深造并不稀罕。 7. D該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。序數(shù)詞前加定冠詞。喬治在他一生中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的第一百個(gè)洞穴是在阿爾卑斯山附近。 8. D該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。在某人多少多歲時(shí)，是在數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前加形容詞性的物主代詞，即：in one’s thirties。句意：這個(gè)故事的男主人我翁是三十年代第一位藝術(shù)家。 9. C該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。事故發(fā)生后不久，就有兩打警察被派往現(xiàn)場(chǎng)維持秩序。 10.B該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。分?jǐn)?shù)是由“基數(shù)詞+序數(shù)詞”構(gòu)成，如果基數(shù)詞大于或等于2；序數(shù)詞變復(fù)數(shù)。是一時(shí)序數(shù)詞用單數(shù)。句意：中國(guó)比美國(guó)達(dá)六分之一。 11. B該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。在某人多少多歲時(shí)，是在數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)前加形容詞性的物主代詞，即：in one’s seventies。句意：雖然他已經(jīng)七十多歲了，他看上去很健康。 12. A該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。dozen和具體數(shù)連用不用復(fù)數(shù)。句意：史密斯先生讓我給他買(mǎi)些雞蛋宴會(huì)上用。 13. B該題考查數(shù)詞的用法。hundreds和具體數(shù)連用不用復(fù)數(shù)；people當(dāng)作人們皆不加復(fù)數(shù)。句意：200老人去年冬天死于寒冷。 第二節(jié) 考點(diǎn)歸納 用來(lái)表示事物的數(shù)量和順序的詞是數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。它是高考?？純?nèi)容之一?！秞x年全國(guó)考試說(shuō)明》附錄 語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目表中對(duì)數(shù)詞考查列了兩項(xiàng)：1）基數(shù)詞2）序數(shù)詞。 一、基數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)量的詞叫基數(shù)詞。1---12的基數(shù)詞是獨(dú)立單詞;13---19的基數(shù)詞都是以-teen結(jié)尾的，要注意thirteen，fifteen，eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20一90的十位數(shù)，以后綴-ty結(jié)尾，要注意twenty，thirty，fifty，eighty的特殊點(diǎn)。如下表： 1---12 13---19 20一90 百、千、百萬(wàn)、十億 1→one 2→two 3→three 4→four 5.five 6→six 7→seven 8→eight 9→nine 10→ten 11→eleven 12→twelve 13→thirteen 14→fourteen 15→fifteen 16→sixteen 17→seventeen 18→eighteen 19→nineteen 20→twenty 30→thirty 40→forty 50→fifty 60→sixty 70→seventy 80→eighty 90→ninety 100→a hundred 1,000→a thousand 1,000,000→ a million 1,000,000,000→a billion(美) a thousand million(英) 1.基數(shù)詞的讀法 1)三位數(shù)的讀法:第一個(gè)數(shù)字+ hundred +and+后面的一位或兩位數(shù)字。如:107→one hundred and seven;765→seven hundred and sixty-five。 2)1，000以上的數(shù)的讀法:先從后向前數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)，第一個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)字用thousand(千)，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)字用million(百萬(wàn))，用 "幾十thousand"表示 "幾萬(wàn)"，以 "幾百thousand"表示 "幾十萬(wàn)"，用 "幾十million"表示 "幾千萬(wàn)"，用"幾百million"表示 "幾億"。如:13，789，653→thirteen million seven hundred and eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three。 2.數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 1)表示幾十歲時(shí)。如“二十多歲”說(shuō)twenties，表示的是20歲到29歲。依次類(lèi)推，thirties表示“三十幾歲”，forties表示“四十幾歲”，但“十幾歲”不可說(shuō)tens，而要說(shuō)teens，指13歲至19歲。如: He died in his thirties. She is in her teens. 2)表示幾十年代時(shí)，如：“二十世紀(jì)八十年代”寫(xiě)成1980s或1980’s，均讀作nineteen eighties，指的是1980至1989年這十年間，需注意的是，年代用文字表示時(shí)則不可用-s形式。如: Great changes took place in the l970s. History has entered the eighties. 3)表示不確定數(shù)目時(shí)，這時(shí)要在million，thousand，hundred等詞后加上-s并與of連用，表示大約多至“數(shù)以……計(jì)”，但millions of等前不能再加基數(shù)詞，卻可加some，several等表示不確定數(shù)目的修飾語(yǔ)。如: Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year. 4)在分?jǐn)?shù)中，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞(表示分子)大于one時(shí)，序數(shù)詞(表示分母)要用復(fù)數(shù)，兩者之間用不用連字符號(hào)均可。如: Two thirds of the teachers in our school are women. She has spent four-fifths of her money. 5)當(dāng)基數(shù)詞用作可數(shù)名詞或用于某些固定詞組中時(shí)，也要用復(fù)數(shù)。如: How many sevens are there in forty-nine? They arrived by twos and threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻膩?lái)了。 Wait a minute.I’ll be finished in two twos.請(qǐng)等一下，我馬上就來(lái) 3．?dāng)?shù)詞和名詞單數(shù)一起作定語(yǔ)，中間用連字符連接。 a seven-year-old girl 一個(gè)七歲的女孩 a two-thousand-word article 一篇2千字的文章 4．當(dāng)基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞同時(shí)修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，序數(shù)詞一般放在基數(shù)詞前；但如果序數(shù)詞充當(dāng)描繪性修飾時(shí)，則放在基數(shù)詞后。 He is one of the first five students. 他是前五名的學(xué)生之一。 He won three first prizes. 他獲得三次第一名。 二、序數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目順序的詞叫序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則,如下表： 范圍 特點(diǎn) 實(shí)例 特殊情況 1--19 基數(shù)詞詞尾加th Nine--nintlh Twelve-twelfth fourth, sixth, seventh 第一、第二和第三的序數(shù)詞分別是first，second和third; eight在變?yōu)閑ighth時(shí)少了一個(gè)字母t；nine在變?yōu)閚inth時(shí)去掉了一個(gè)字母“e”; 以“ve”結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞時(shí)，須將“ve”改為“f”，然后再加“th”。five→fifth，twelve→twelfth 20,30, -- 90 各十位數(shù)字變y為i后加eth twenty→twentieth， thirty→thirtieth sixty-nine→sixty-ninth 21-29 31—39 91-99 只須變個(gè)位的基數(shù)詞為序數(shù)詞 twenty-two→twenty-second forty-four→forty-fourth sixty-nine→sixty-ninth 1.序數(shù)詞前不用定冠詞的情況 1)表示順序的語(yǔ)氣很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思時(shí)，其前要用不定冠詞，不用定冠詞。如: l.He cast the net a second time. 2.A third bullet passed. 2)序數(shù)詞前己有指示代詞、物主代詞、名詞所有格或every時(shí)，不用定冠詞。如: l.He made his first set in an old box. 2.Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einstein’s fiftieth birthday. 3)在表示分?jǐn)?shù)的序數(shù)詞前不用定冠詞。如: From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing. Two-thirds of the area is covered by trees. 4)數(shù)詞與名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合名詞時(shí)，不用定冠詞。如: There is a first-class hotel over there. He went to a second-hand bookshop. 5)序數(shù)詞用作副詞時(shí)，不用定冠詞。如： Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree? First e，first served. 6)在一些由序數(shù)詞構(gòu)成的固定詞組里不用定冠詞。如: 1.at first 2.first of al1 3.from first to last 三、數(shù)詞的功能 1．表小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù) 1.小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point,零讀zero或nought。小數(shù)點(diǎn)后的數(shù)字按個(gè)位基數(shù)詞依次讀出。如： 3.4→three point four,0.2→zero(nought)point two,0.03→zero point zero three,3.458→three point four five eight 2.百分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞后直接加percent(per cent)構(gòu)成。如: 20%→2Opercent(per cent) 3.分?jǐn)?shù)由基數(shù)詞 (分子)和序數(shù)詞 (分母)合成。分子大于l時(shí)，表分母的序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: 1/3→one/a third 2/3→two thirds 但1/2一般用a/one half;1/4用a/one quarter或one fourth。 3.表示幾分之幾 (或百分之幾)的人或物時(shí)，須在分?jǐn)?shù) (或百分?jǐn)?shù))和人或物間加of。若充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)須與of后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。如: One third of the students are girls.1/3的學(xué)生是女生。 Sixty percent of her ine was spent on clothes.她收入的60%花在了服裝上。 但當(dāng)表示人口的幾分之幾 (或百分之幾)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: The population in China is very large, and eighty percent of it are farmers. 中國(guó)的人口眾多，其中80%是農(nóng)民。 2．表加減乘除 1.加法的表達(dá)法 如表達(dá)“幾加幾是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基數(shù)詞＋and/plus+基數(shù)詞？”；如表達(dá)“幾加幾等于幾”，可用“基數(shù)詞＋and+基數(shù)詞＋is＋基數(shù)詞”。如： What/How much is seven and eight?7加8是多少？ Seven and eight is fifiteen. 7加8等于15。 2．減法的表達(dá)法 如表達(dá)“幾減幾是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基數(shù)詞＋minus+基數(shù)詞？”；如表達(dá)“幾減幾等于幾”，可用“基數(shù)詞＋minus+基數(shù)詞＋is＋基數(shù)詞”。 3.乘法的表達(dá)法 如表達(dá)“幾乘幾是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基數(shù)詞＋times+基數(shù)詞？”；如表達(dá)“幾乘幾等于幾”，可用“基數(shù)詞＋times+基數(shù)詞＋is＋基數(shù)詞”。 4.除法的表達(dá)法 如表達(dá)“幾除以幾是多少”，可用“What/How much is+基數(shù)詞＋divided by+基數(shù)詞？”；如表達(dá)“幾除以幾等于幾”，可用“基數(shù)詞＋divided by+基數(shù)詞＋is＋基數(shù)詞”。 3．表時(shí)間 1.用數(shù)字表達(dá)法來(lái)表示幾點(diǎn)幾分時(shí)，分鐘數(shù)在后，并且不可使用quarter, half。如： 8:15 eight fifteen(不能說(shuō)：eight a quarter) 10:30 ten thirty(不能說(shuō)：ten half) 2.使用介詞past表示“幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分”，用to表示“幾點(diǎn)差幾分”時(shí)，分鐘數(shù)放在介詞前。 11:25 twenty-five past eleven(=eleven twenty-five) 6:40 twenty to seven(=six forty) 3.past,to前的分鐘應(yīng)小于三十分鐘（如果正好是三十分，應(yīng)用half）。如： 5:55 five to six=five fifty-five(不能說(shuō)：fifty-five past five) 5:30 half past five=five thirty(不能說(shuō)：thirty past five或five half) 4．?dāng)?shù)詞用于編號(hào) 表示編號(hào)，可以用基數(shù)詞，也可以用序數(shù)詞，即:事物名詞(不加冠詞)+基數(shù)詞;the+序數(shù)詞十事物名詞。如: Lesson Twelve=the Twelfth Lesson 第十二課 Part One→the First Part第一部分 World War I=the First World War第一次世界大戰(zhàn) 如英語(yǔ)編號(hào)中數(shù)字較長(zhǎng)，一般用基數(shù)詞表示。如: Room 506 第五0六號(hào)房間 page 265 第二百六十五頁(yè) Telephone NO.8297976 電話(huà)號(hào)碼8297976 5．表倍數(shù) 兩倍：twice 兩倍以上：基數(shù)詞+times This classroom is twice as big as that one. The house is three times bigger than that one 四、數(shù)量名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式 1. hundred，thousand，million的用法 當(dāng)前面有數(shù)詞以及many，several等詞修飾時(shí)，這三個(gè)詞用單數(shù)形式，后面直接跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞。當(dāng)這幾個(gè)詞前面沒(méi)有數(shù)詞而后面有of時(shí)，則一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示數(shù)百、 數(shù)千等籠統(tǒng)的數(shù)目概念。如: two hundred students 200名學(xué)生 several thousand enemies 幾千敵人 hundreds of dollars 數(shù)百美元 millions of ants 數(shù)百萬(wàn)螞蟻 2. score(二十)，dozen (打; 十二個(gè))的用法 1)當(dāng)dozen與基數(shù)詞或many,several等連用時(shí)，不加“-s”，所修飾的名詞前常省去of。但是，在a dozen of these people, two dozen of them等短語(yǔ)中應(yīng)加of。這是因?yàn)榱?xí)慣上在these, those, us等詞前該用dozen of的緣故。 two dozen books 兩打書(shū) two (many,several)dozen pencils 兩打（幾打）鉛筆 some dozen people是“若干打的人（幾十個(gè)人，許多人）”。 2) score意為“二十”。two score of people中應(yīng)加of，但three score and ten people，“70人”中不加of。scores of people意為“許多人”。上述這兩個(gè)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式與of連用時(shí)，表示不確切的數(shù)量，意為"許多……"，"大量的……"。如: for dozens of years 好幾十年以來(lái) scores of years ago 許多年前 scores of times 許多次 第三節(jié) 鞏固提高 1.----Have you seen_______workers pass by? ----Yes，Ive seen_______them. 　A. woman; hundreds of B. women; hundreds of 　C. woman; two hundred of D. women; hundreds 2.Having done three experiments without rest，they were ______out to go on with______one. 　A. so tired;a fourth B. so tiring ;the fourth 　C. too given;the fourth D. too worn;a fourth 3.----Whats the date today? 　----Its __________. 　A. Sunday B. August the ninth　C. the first of May D. October fifth 4.Hainan is _____ island. 　A. Chinas second largest B. the Chinas second largest 　C. the second Chinas largest D. Chinas the second largest 5.In her ______she began to take up writing. 　A. forties B. fourties C. fortieth D fourtieth 6._______Summer Olympics was held in Barcelona in Spain A. The Twenty-four B. Twenty-four C. The Twenty-forth D. Twenty-fourth 7.The Sao Paulo fire broke out _________February 4th，1974. 　A. in B. on C. at D. for 8.----How many new jobs can you give to the people here? 　----Three ______ and ______. 　A. hundred; eighty-six 　　B. hundreds; eighty-six 　C. hundred; eighty-sixth D. hundreds; eighty-sixth 9.----What time did finish your homework yesterday? 　----_______seven oclock _____ the afternoon. 　A. On；in B. At；on C. At；in C. On；at 10.“Please turn to _________ and look at the text.” 　　A. Page 29 B. the page 29 C. a page 29 D. 29 page 11.He lives in _______. 　 A. Room 512 B.512 Room C. the 512 Room D. the Room 512 12.----How long is the bridge? 　 ----700__________. 　 A. meter long B. meters long C. meter longer D.meters longer 13.After a long walk we had _________ rest. 　　A. a few minutes B. a few minutes　　C. few minutes D. few minutes 14.The meeting has finally begun after ______. 　　A. two hours later B. two hours of absence C. two hours delay D. a delay of two hours 15.______of the rivers here have been polluted. 　　A. Two-third B. Two-thirds C. Two-three D. Second-third 16.The Second World War broke out in _______. 　　A. 1930s B. the 1930es C. The 1930s D.1930s 17.There are _____ of visitors in the exhibition every week. 　　A. tens of thousands B. about ten of thousands 　　C. about three thousands D. about three thousand 18.----What time is it now? 　 -----Its _______. A. a quarter past half B. four eighteen C. five past forty-two D. forty-two to five 19.I got to the station _______ than John. 　 A. five minutes later B. five minutes late 　 C. later five minutes D. late five minutes 20.Two _____ years ago he lived in the United Stares. 　 A. dozen B. dozens C. dozen of D. dozens of 答案：1. B 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.A