《現(xiàn)在計算機底層軟件技術.ppt》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《現(xiàn)在計算機底層軟件技術.ppt（34頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

現(xiàn)代計算機底層軟件技術,頂星數(shù)碼,PC底層軟件包括？,BIOSBasicInputOutputSystem基本輸入輸出系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)硬件的一部分硬件中的軟件ECEmbeddedControllerProgramEmbeddedkeyboard&EmbeddedMousePowerManagementBatterySystem,BIOS功能,BootOSfromsomemediaInitializeISASystemInitializeSpecificHardwareInitializeIndustryStandardsystemOffersysteminformationtoOSandAppHardwareProgramInterfaceroutinePowerManageSxSupport,BootOSfromsomemedia,DeviceTypeATA/ATAPIDeviceUSBHarddisk/floppy/CDROMPCIDeviceOtherSelectableBBSSpec,InitializeSpecificHardware,MemorySizingGPIOClockChipCSSpecificInitializeSpecificHardwarePortingtoourSystemCardBusController,InitializeISASystem,VGAto…Keyboard8259,8254,…,InitializeIndustryStandardsystem,InitializePCISystemInitializePnPSystemInitializeATA/ATASystemInitializeUSBSystemOther1394…,InitializePCISystem,EnumeratePCISystemBusNo,DeviceNo,andFunctionNoAllocateSystemResourcetoEveryPCIDeviceMemoryIOCopyROMtoROMAddress,InitializePnPSystem,BasedOnSCDInitializePnPISAInitializeCompatiblePnPDeviceSupperIOCardReader(LPC),InitializeATA/ATAPISystem,NativeSupport?HowManyController?LoopeveryChanneltofinddeviceInitializeeveryfoundHarddiskandCDROMSetupInt13RoutineandDiskParameterTable,InitializeUSBSystem,AllocatesystemresourcetoUSBControllerLoopEverycontrollertofinddeviceSetAddressEnumerateDeviceClassHookfromUSBStorageDevice,OffersysteminformationtoOSandApp,ToOS:ACPIInt15MPTablePCIRoutingTable…ToAppSMBIOSF000Information…,HardwareProgramInterfaceroutine,INTKeyboardMouseFloppyHardDisk,VGA…SMIAPMSpeedStep,INT過程,SoftwareHardware,SMI過程,,PowerManagementSxSupport,S4=S5S3JudgeS3RestoreSomeDeviceEnvironmentSearchACPITableJudgetoOSroutine,AddressSpaceConcept,AddressSpacePCIISA,,,MemorySpace（4GB）,,,BIOSLocation,BIOSArea,FFFFFFFF,,以2M的BIOS為例，其占用的內存范圍為0FFFC0000H--0FFFFFFFFH,00000000,,占用高端地址,BIOSLocation,,,,,,,,F000Segment,E000Segment,,00000000,,00100000,,BIOS最高兩個段的內容同時被映射到1M以下的高端地址。,Shadow,DRAM空間vsROM空間CHIPSET尋址控制程序運行速度,,,,,,,,,A000:0h,E000:0h,F000:0h,CGA,VGA,B000:0h,C000:0h,B800:0h,Available,VGABIOS,C800:0h,ExpansionROMs,D000:0h,SystemBIOS,SystemBIOS,Available,ShadowArea,MemoryMapBelow1M,00000-003FFIntVector00400-004FFBIOSDataAreaA0000-BFFFFVedioMemoryC0000-??????VedioBIOS?????-DFFFFOptionROME0000-FFFFFBIOSArea,TheFirstInstructionExecute,CPUPowerOnCPUInstructionPipeisemptyCPUInstructionPool給CPU接口指令預取單元指令預取單元啟動FSB總線，執(zhí)行一個ReadF000:FFF0操作，F(xiàn)SB是重試類型，北橋接受到這個讀請求，以Retry結束。,TheFirstInstructionExecute,北橋在PCI總線上啟動Readtransaction（F000:FFF0）操作。如果PCISlot上面沒有任何設備以快速，中速，或者慢速解碼，那么LPC橋解碼這個Transaction，啟動Retry，結束北橋的行為。如果PCISlot…LPC橋啟動Readtransaction（F000:FFF0）操作，被EC解碼，EC在ROM的ISA總線上啟動交易，從ROM中取出第一條指令,TheFirstInstructionExecute,LPC橋得到第一條指令位置信息北橋Retry，LPC橋返回F000:FFF0地方內容CPURetry，北橋返回F000:FFF0地方內容F000:FFF0地方內容進入指令流一般第一條指令都是跳轉指令，調試除外。該跳轉指令進入指令流水線,TheFirstInstructionExecute,最后這條指令被CPU核心指令在這條指令達到核心時，預取指令單元同步工作，此時后面一堆指令已被讀出，進入流水線工作核心知道這時一條跳轉指令，清空指令流，更新預取指令池和預取單元地址預取指令池空，請求預取指令單元啟動FSB讀取新的位置指令內容上面過程重復,例子指令分析：MOVax，ds:[si],DS=F000h,Si=FFF0h該條指令被預取指令單元預取進入指令池進入核心單元核心單元向數(shù)據(jù)單元要數(shù)據(jù)，不是向指令預取單元核心單元向Cache要數(shù)據(jù)(如果CacheEnable),例子指令分析：MOVax，ds:[si],Cache系統(tǒng)沒有當前內容備份，Cache系統(tǒng)在FSB啟動讀F000:FFF0處內容的ReadTransaction該FSB上Transaction部分以及后續(xù)部分的PCI、LPC等行為和取指令時的行為沒有任何區(qū)別同樣的行為重復Cache取到數(shù)據(jù)，交給核心單元。,MemorySizingandShadow,RUNinROMF000MemorySizingReadRAMInformationfromSPD（SMBus）Programtiming（FrequencyandCASLatency）ProgramAddressInformationSimpleMemoryTest0－250k。停0FShadow,MemorySizingandShadow,ShadowCopyROMImagetoRAM，NotinF000JumptoRAM，F(xiàn)arJumpShadowF000toRAMGoToPOSTVGAISAPnPPCI,CMOSRAM,128BytesRAM電池供電保護數(shù)據(jù)AccessedByI/Oport70H/71HMostChipsethavesecondaryCMOSRAM,SCUScreen,BIOSRUN總結,RUNINROM,,POST,OS,,,ACPI,MPTable,PCIRoutingTable,SMI,INT15,Boot,,MemorySizingandShadow,,HardwarePowerOn,,CSInitialize,,,ISALegacy,,,PnPInitialize,,,PCIInitialize,,,,,,,,,Q&A,Thanks,