裝配圖車床撥叉工藝工裝設(shè)計(jì),裝配,車床,工藝,工裝,設(shè)計(jì) 基于proe的夾具設(shè)計(jì) 基于proe制圖來加工θ6的孔此圖的設(shè)計(jì)是用底座鉆模板，鉆套，菱形銷，圓柱銷，墊片，螺母等 為了使零件加工可靠準(zhǔn)確用墊片及螺母把零件固定好以及通過圓柱銷菱形銷，把撥叉零件固定。 三維圖的設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)是必須用到鉆套及鉆模板先把鉆模板固定在正確的位置然后再鉆模板上放上鉆套用螺釘固定，為了保證加工準(zhǔn)確必須放在正確的位置 上。 機(jī)械加工工序卡片Ⅰ 機(jī)械加工工序卡片 產(chǎn)品型號(hào) CA6140 零件圖號(hào) 01 產(chǎn)品名稱 車床 零件名稱 CA6140車床撥叉 共3頁 第1頁 車間 工序號(hào) 工序名 材料牌號(hào) Ⅰ 鉆擴(kuò)鉸φ20mm內(nèi)孔 45 毛坯種類 毛坯外 形尺寸 每毛坯可制件數(shù) 每臺(tái)件數(shù) 灰鑄鐵 195x68x72 2 1 設(shè)備名稱 設(shè)備型號(hào) 設(shè)備編號(hào) 同時(shí)加工件數(shù) 立式鉆床 Z550 2 夾具編號(hào) 夾具名稱 切削液 專用夾具 不用 工位器具編號(hào) 工位器具名稱 工序工時(shí)/s 準(zhǔn)終 單件 87 工步號(hào) 工步內(nèi)容 工藝裝備 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速 /r·s-1 切削速度 /m·min-1 進(jìn)給量 /mm·min-1 背吃刀量 /mm 進(jìn)給次數(shù) 工步工時(shí)/s 機(jī)動(dòng) 輔助 1 鉆φ17mm內(nèi)孔 Φ17高速鋼莫氏錐柄麻花鉆 630 33.6 196 0.33 1 36 2 擴(kuò)φ19.7mm內(nèi)孔 Φ19.7高速鋼錐柄擴(kuò)孔鉆 500 31.2 217.6 0.8 1 23 3 鉸φ20mm內(nèi)孔 Φ20型機(jī)用錐柄鉸刀 315 37.8 178.9 0.1 1 28 設(shè)計(jì) (日期) 審核 (日期) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 (日期) 會(huì)簽 (日期) 標(biāo)記 處數(shù) 更改文件號(hào) 簽字 日期 標(biāo)記 處數(shù) 更改文件號(hào) 簽字 日期 機(jī)械加工工序卡片Ⅱ 機(jī)械加工工序卡片 產(chǎn)品型號(hào) CA6140 零件圖號(hào) 01 產(chǎn)品名稱 車床 零件名稱 CA6140車床撥叉 共3頁 第2頁 車間 工序號(hào) 工序名 材料牌號(hào) Ⅱ 鉆φ6的孔 45 毛坯種類 毛坯外 形尺寸 每毛坯可制件數(shù) 每臺(tái)件數(shù) 45 195.6x68x45.2mm 2 1 設(shè)備名稱 設(shè)備型號(hào) 設(shè)備編號(hào) 同時(shí)加工件數(shù) 臺(tái)式鉆床 Z4006A 1 夾具編號(hào) 夾具名稱 切削液 專用鉆床夾具 不用 工位器具編號(hào) 工位器具名稱 工序工時(shí)/s 準(zhǔn)終 單件 253 工步號(hào) 工步內(nèi)容 工藝裝備 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速 /r·s-1 切削速度 /m·min-1 進(jìn)給量 /mm·min-1 背吃刀量 /mm 進(jìn)給次數(shù) 工步工時(shí)/s 機(jī)動(dòng) 輔助 1 鉆φ6的孔 專用鉆夾具，硬質(zhì)合金錐柄麻花鉆頭 1600 30 0.22 3 1 設(shè)計(jì) (日期) 審核 (日期) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化 (日期) 會(huì)簽 (日期) 標(biāo)記 處數(shù) 更改文件號(hào) 簽字 日期 標(biāo)記 處數(shù) 更改文件號(hào) 簽字 日期 機(jī)械加工工序卡片 產(chǎn)品型號(hào) CA6140 零件圖號(hào) 01 產(chǎn)品名稱 車床 零件名稱 CA6140車床撥叉 共3頁 第1頁 車間 工序號(hào) 工序名 材料牌號(hào) Ⅲ 粗 精鏜叉口內(nèi)圓 45 毛坯種類 毛坯外 形尺寸 每毛坯可制件數(shù) 每臺(tái)件數(shù) 45 196.5x68x45.2mm 2 1 設(shè)備名稱 設(shè)備型號(hào) 設(shè)備編號(hào) 同時(shí)加工件數(shù) 數(shù)控銑床 T740K 2 夾具編號(hào) 夾具名稱 切削液 專用鏜夾具 不用 工步號(hào) 工步內(nèi)容 工藝裝備 主軸轉(zhuǎn)速 /r·s-1 切削速度m/min 進(jìn)給量mm/z 背吃刀量mm 進(jìn)給次數(shù) 工時(shí)/s 機(jī)動(dòng) 輔助 1 粗鏜φ44mm的內(nèi)圓 專用鏜夾具硬質(zhì)合金鏜刀 586 70 0.75 1.2 1 450 2 精鏜φ44mm的內(nèi)圓 專用鏜夾具硬質(zhì)合金鏜刀 702 44.12 0.92 1 1 465 設(shè)計(jì) (日期) 指導(dǎo) (日期) 審核 (日期) 標(biāo)記 處數(shù) 更改文件號(hào) 簽字 日期 標(biāo)記 處數(shù) 更改文件號(hào) 簽字 日期 教學(xué)單位 學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào) 編 號(hào) 本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 題　　目 關(guān)鍵的CAD/CAPP/CAM設(shè)計(jì) 學(xué)生姓名　　 專業(yè)名稱 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 指導(dǎo)教師　　 \ 關(guān)鍵的CAD/CAPP/CAM設(shè)計(jì)  在機(jī)械制造行業(yè),隨著產(chǎn)品的持續(xù)改進(jìn)和升級(jí),大量的技術(shù)規(guī)則需要完成設(shè)計(jì)工作。 面向?qū)ο蟮妮S類零件特征模型的建立和特征信息模型箱部件數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu),使用適當(dāng)?shù)腃AD/CAPP/CAM系統(tǒng)是關(guān)鍵。零件模型的特點(diǎn)要求CIMS的體系具有高水平的部分描述幾何學(xué)信息和相應(yīng)的表達(dá)加工、測(cè)試、裝配、分析和其他有關(guān)信息的功能,語言的過程中所描述的部分特征的幾何語義信息的載體和橋梁作用的重要性已被越來越多的研究人員認(rèn)識(shí)到。為達(dá)此目的,它被認(rèn)為是CAD/CAPP/CAM集成范圍的基于特征的零件信息模型,根據(jù)該模型在研發(fā)新一代基于特征的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)系統(tǒng)是一種基本的辦法來解決CAD/CAPP/CAM一體化的有效途徑。 傳統(tǒng)的工藝設(shè)計(jì)是由工藝師手邊的各部分零部件一塊一塊的,設(shè)計(jì)過程具有多樣性,并重復(fù)這個(gè)笨重的設(shè)計(jì)工作,設(shè)計(jì)周期長,難以適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的競(jìng)爭機(jī)制。為了縮短生產(chǎn)準(zhǔn)備周期、提高產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量，工藝分析、工藝設(shè)計(jì)及大部份的工作人員從繁瑣的、重復(fù)的工作中解放，研究和開發(fā)推廣使用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工藝設(shè)計(jì)(CAPP)系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)基本的方法。CAPP系統(tǒng)能夠極大地提高新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)、市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭力和適應(yīng)力，有重要的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。CAD/CAPP/CAM集成技術(shù),以滿足我們的現(xiàn)代制造工程的發(fā)展。CIMS也是一個(gè)重要的組成部分,為此,我們?cè)诜治鰢鴥?nèi)外現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,利用CAD/CAPP/CAM專家系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)已成功地開發(fā)了一種基于特征的盒零件CAD / CAPP集成系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以CAD/CAPP集成機(jī)器零件,擁有齊全的決策過程,并自動(dòng)生成技術(shù)文件。 一個(gè)整體的系統(tǒng)計(jì)劃： 很長一段時(shí)間以來,先進(jìn)的CAD/CAPP/CAM是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國家的發(fā)展,無法實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)之間通過系統(tǒng)和資訊的交流。計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)系統(tǒng)輸出的設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)果是二維的工程圖紙及相關(guān)技術(shù)文件,在機(jī)械加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)原則,通過手工CAD圖紙到經(jīng)常需要重新CAPP然后計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)不僅影響整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)效率,而且在數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換和傳遞過程中,會(huì)減少可能導(dǎo)致錯(cuò)誤的可靠性設(shè)計(jì)。 CAPP的部分信息輸入系統(tǒng),最佳的方式是實(shí)現(xiàn)CAPP計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)系統(tǒng)和直接傳輸?shù)男畔⑾到y(tǒng)之間。然而,所需的信息和傳統(tǒng)CAD系統(tǒng)的CAPP系統(tǒng)輸出的信息是不完全相同的,不僅包含了零件幾何信息,而且也包括部分的制造過程信息。解決這一問題的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的CAPP廣泛的研究和深入的分析,在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們建議發(fā)展基于CAD/CAPP集成系統(tǒng)的程序。 特征建模系統(tǒng)包括一個(gè)完整的CAD/CAPP子系統(tǒng)組成的兩部分。幾個(gè)核心功能模塊及其子功能之間的工作關(guān)系如下: (1)CAD特征建模模塊的核心系統(tǒng)模塊子系統(tǒng)是實(shí)現(xiàn)CAD/CAPP一體化的重要組成部分,主要完成部分的設(shè)計(jì)和信息的輸入。在三維實(shí)體造型系統(tǒng)模塊的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)造特征與零件,并完成了一項(xiàng)特征交互技術(shù)通過資產(chǎn)分配。建成后,部分設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)學(xué)模型,通過產(chǎn)生的特征信息數(shù)據(jù)庫的CAPP系統(tǒng)聯(lián)系在了一起。 (2)規(guī)則的推理過程決策模塊,模塊是另一個(gè)核心模塊CAPP子系統(tǒng)。它的特點(diǎn)是信息數(shù)據(jù)庫從最初的開始,所運(yùn)用的策略是一個(gè)確定的流程規(guī)則知識(shí)庫的工藝路線和工藝中推斷出整芯的內(nèi)容的系統(tǒng)。 (3)過程控制程序規(guī)則的知識(shí)庫模塊和數(shù)據(jù)庫組成?？刂瞥绦蚝屯评硪?guī)則數(shù)據(jù)庫模塊之間的關(guān)系是數(shù)據(jù)庫程序知識(shí)和技術(shù)規(guī)則等。這個(gè)模塊是高度互動(dòng)與用戶交互模塊,以允許用戶修改或添加模塊的過程的規(guī)則的相關(guān)知識(shí)。 (4)交互模塊的用戶界面，模塊也可以與應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)、修改數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)容來交換,這是平臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)體現(xiàn)思維的旗幟。 (5)模塊是手動(dòng)建造過程的核心系統(tǒng)的CAPP子系統(tǒng)。它是基于規(guī)則推理模塊的工藝路線,并對(duì)齊模塊結(jié)構(gòu)的三維實(shí)體模型特征建模部分產(chǎn)生二維過程圖和過程的總結(jié),內(nèi)容和過程的自動(dòng)填寫標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或自定義過程卡,建立過程手冊(cè)。 關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和解決方案： 雖然一些研究已經(jīng)建立CAPP,但是有幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題還沒有令人滿意地解決。這包括零件信息的描述與輸入,使實(shí)現(xiàn)過程、流程圖表和工藝文件自動(dòng)。我們的CAPP系統(tǒng)和部件在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,提出并采取了一系列的技術(shù)策略,來完成三個(gè)核心模塊的設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng),以克服這些技術(shù)問題,使盡可能的設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)的CAPP系統(tǒng)的功能是完美無缺的。 零件信息的描述和1輸入： 進(jìn)入部分信息有各種各樣的方法,使CAPP系統(tǒng)直接從CAD模型提取零件信息的最好方法是,能去除大量數(shù)據(jù)的煩瑣和低效率的手動(dòng)輸入。這一定是在CAD零件建模,除了通常的幾何形狀信息,但也加入過程信息。我們用來描述方法和輸入特征建模的傳達(dá)的信息的一部分,使用現(xiàn)有商品化CAD軟件作為一種圖形支持,根據(jù)預(yù)期的功能齊全的零件形狀特征能處理,然后再加上配件制造信息,形成獨(dú)具特色的信息。通過定義一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的特點(diǎn)的描述方法和特性的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),一個(gè)統(tǒng)一管理的特點(diǎn),并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)建模部分的特征,初步將設(shè)計(jì)制造信息帶入，形成部分的設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)、后續(xù)的CAPP模塊只要經(jīng)過一定的決策過程,就可以很容易地讀直接從特點(diǎn)、系統(tǒng)介紹了數(shù)據(jù)庫的特征信息。 特征建模是計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)的部分子系統(tǒng)的功能設(shè)計(jì)、部分三維CAD模型幾何過程設(shè)計(jì)和工藝信息的CAPP系統(tǒng)所必需的部分提供所需信息。如何提取的CAPP系統(tǒng)的零件信息技術(shù)，直接從計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)的CAPP和技術(shù)上的難題的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。該系統(tǒng)采用了CAD/CAPP集成的特征模型來解決這個(gè)問題。零件特征,包括幾何形狀信息和制造過程信息,數(shù)據(jù)在該系統(tǒng)通過以下的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了依據(jù)。CAD設(shè)計(jì)的各部分不成功制造出了第一個(gè)三維CAD軟件作為圖形輔助軟件,CAD設(shè)計(jì)的部分。在計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)（CAD）過程中,函數(shù)部分所能加工的一系列的形態(tài)特征,在增加生產(chǎn)過程的信息。當(dāng)零件CAD設(shè)計(jì),完成的部分可以得到的幾何描述的信息和處理信息的特點(diǎn),這些幾何特征的統(tǒng)一模型過程的記錄和統(tǒng)一的數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)技術(shù)作為一種CAPP的信息來源為決策模塊,使零件CAPP系統(tǒng)能存取信息。直接從計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)和實(shí)現(xiàn)中和的過程中得到。在已經(jīng)以三維CAD設(shè)計(jì)的原零件、模塊可以在原模型的基礎(chǔ)上,建立幾何特征模型。此外也能通過進(jìn)入部分地人機(jī)交互信息,建立特征模型。 實(shí)施決策過程： CAPP系統(tǒng)的核心技術(shù)是決策。CAPP狀況的研究、分析和比較各種CAPP系統(tǒng)的實(shí)施過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)的決策方法在過度追求的CAPP系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)化控制決策的過程并不是最好的。很長一段時(shí)間以來,CAPP目標(biāo)系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)取代技術(shù)人員開發(fā)自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)的指導(dǎo),開發(fā)“自動(dòng)”這一目標(biāo)的CAPP系統(tǒng)的整合,雖然有專家的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),但公司經(jīng)常需要使用一個(gè)較長的時(shí)間為數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)備和系統(tǒng)調(diào)試,但也有很多訓(xùn)練,它會(huì)挫傷積極性的用戶。此外,“自動(dòng)”于其內(nèi)部推理的CAPP系統(tǒng)和算法不是為用戶經(jīng)常提供未知變量的答案,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際情況和經(jīng)驗(yàn)與用戶系統(tǒng)的推理和決策不一致時(shí)，方法不是用戶修改,用戶將會(huì)對(duì)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)喪失信心。另外一點(diǎn)是，追求程序設(shè)計(jì)自動(dòng)化將大大增加工作量，大量的數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)更復(fù)雜,這些誤差可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致軟件增加對(duì)的潛在軟件運(yùn)用的可靠性。另一方面,工藝設(shè)計(jì)和動(dòng)態(tài)的多樣性。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),中國生產(chǎn)工廠現(xiàn)場(chǎng),大約30%的工藝設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)際生產(chǎn)能力和需求和修改現(xiàn)有的制造資源,才能得以實(shí)施。特別是在今天的更豐富,更大趨勢(shì)的大批量生產(chǎn),生產(chǎn)地有點(diǎn)小擾動(dòng)(如設(shè)備故障,缺乏工具、生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃變化等)往往帶來不可預(yù)知的預(yù)處理方法的處理秩序和改變。 而現(xiàn)有的工藝設(shè)計(jì)過程,通常是一個(gè)產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)獨(dú)一無二的路線為目標(biāo),改變工藝的規(guī)格要求繁瑣的程序較長的和時(shí)間。這使得生產(chǎn)過程的順序?qū)ιa(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的不可預(yù)測(cè)的變化在缺少足夠的適應(yīng)性和靈活性。使CAPP系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)過程中的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度減少，都具有良好的靈活性和適應(yīng)性。在廣泛研究，測(cè)試和技術(shù)專家與工廠再三討論的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種結(jié)構(gòu)框架CAPP子系統(tǒng)。在這個(gè)系統(tǒng)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)決策過程的基礎(chǔ)上,利用生產(chǎn)實(shí)際的非線性過程采用有向無環(huán)圖的設(shè)計(jì)方法。非線性特征,主要體現(xiàn)在對(duì)結(jié)果系統(tǒng)提供的多選擇:為每個(gè)部分提供了若干優(yōu)化的工藝路線。第一個(gè)要考慮的優(yōu)先級(jí)最高的過程秩序,不申請(qǐng)的情況下,如果進(jìn)程的訂單情況的生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)被遺棄的,然后第二個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)別的技術(shù)規(guī)定將會(huì)被考慮,所以重復(fù)這個(gè)過程持續(xù)下去,直到一個(gè)滿意的點(diǎn)上的描述指令。技術(shù)和建模的決策過程,能使生產(chǎn)過程計(jì)劃,以滿足動(dòng)態(tài)變化。依照本決策過程指導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)模塊自動(dòng)生成工藝路線,用戶可以根據(jù)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)生活的資源(如機(jī)床設(shè)備、加載速率、目前在保修期間等),該過程用于植物分類與選擇中涉及的工藝路線,以達(dá)到一個(gè)平衡的系統(tǒng)的自動(dòng)化和適應(yīng)性。除了自動(dòng)生成過程,該系統(tǒng)可以提取規(guī)則,在這個(gè)過程中產(chǎn)生有用的信息,不斷增添工藝數(shù)據(jù)庫。 用戶也可以輸入過程存在的秩序數(shù)據(jù)庫。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中,根據(jù)零件的相似性的原理產(chǎn)生的工藝規(guī)則已經(jīng)被召喚,稍微修改,或直接使用,這樣就避免了重新設(shè)計(jì),以節(jié)省時(shí)間。 地圖和處理自動(dòng)生成的過程文件 過程和文件地圖是一個(gè)重要的組成部分。如果在CAPP系統(tǒng),利用計(jì)算機(jī)自動(dòng)生成和繪畫圖,將大大提高過程效率的工藝設(shè)計(jì)。作為過程從空白成品的形狀、大小、變化過程、過程地圖將必須反映這個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)過程后,在一個(gè)特定的瞬間(每道工序)的一部分,這部分的形式是多種多樣的,每個(gè)過程的一部分,可以有不同的秩序,所以很難生成一個(gè)固定的方式來處理的地圖。這使得CAPP系統(tǒng)開發(fā)過程中,發(fā)展成集繪圖軟件困難的工作。為了解決這個(gè)問題,我們開發(fā)了一種技術(shù)檔案代子系統(tǒng)和子系統(tǒng)特征建模與CAD/CAPP子系統(tǒng)集成決策過程作為一個(gè)整體。子系統(tǒng)包括： (1)過程中產(chǎn)生的決策子系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)文件輸入過程數(shù)據(jù)；(2)根據(jù)進(jìn)口的過程數(shù)據(jù)和特征從CAD三維建模系統(tǒng)子系統(tǒng)部分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù),通過分析和處理,生成二維過程圖象；(3)生成一個(gè)完整的工藝文件；(4)后處理,如修改的觀點(diǎn),在這個(gè)過程中文件,加上特殊的內(nèi)容。程序自動(dòng)生成的地圖CAPP技術(shù)是其中的關(guān)鍵。經(jīng)過大量的研究,決定利用三維CAD軟件的二次開發(fā)接口,采用觀察矩陣系統(tǒng)開發(fā)方法,建立智能化管理過程的面向?qū)ο蟮膱D形渲染子系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)工藝決策過程產(chǎn)生的部分模塊的線條,參數(shù)設(shè)置智能地生成過程圖,顯示結(jié)構(gòu)框架。該系統(tǒng)能從CAD模型的特點(diǎn)、工藝設(shè)計(jì)方面的資料和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖形庫,以得到必要的數(shù)據(jù)和信息,自動(dòng)生成過程的計(jì)劃和相應(yīng)的工藝卡。你也可以從人機(jī)交互設(shè)計(jì)師所產(chǎn)生的過程和工藝過程卡片編輯修改計(jì)劃。CAD/CAPP/CAM集成制造是一個(gè)熱門的領(lǐng)域，這是很重要的CIMS工程的關(guān)鍵。在本文中,CAD/CAPP集成系統(tǒng),通過數(shù)據(jù)集成,使CAD/CAPP的信息交流和反饋,并在CAPP系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)采用非線性工藝設(shè)計(jì)的方法,以觀察矩陣智能圖形生成過程的技術(shù)策略,使系統(tǒng)具有更盡善盡美的為CAD/CAPP集成系統(tǒng)提供了一種切實(shí)可行的方法,同時(shí)也為先進(jìn)的CAD/CAPP和CAM提供進(jìn)一步整合的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 The Important CAD/CAPP/CAM Design Work In the machinery manufacturing industry, as the product of continuous improvement and upgrading, a large number of technical rules need to complete the design work. Object-oriented feature model of the shaft parts and the establishment of box parts feature information model data structure, use of appropriate CAD / CAPP / CAM system is the key. Requirements of part modeling features of CIMS system with a high level description of the part geometry, topology information and the corresponding expression processing, testing, assembly, analysis and other information about the function of the process of language features as described in part geometric topology of semantic information the carrier of its role as a bridge to the importance of researchers has been increasingly recognized. To this end, it is recognized as a CAD / CAPP / CAM integrated range of feature-based part information model, based on this model in developing the next generation of feature-based CAD system is a fundamental solution to CAD / CAPP / CAM integration effective way. The traditional process was designed by the technologist on the parts by hand carried piece by piece, the design process out of the diversity, and repeat the cumbersome design work, design cycle is long, difficult to adapt to the market competition mechanism. In order to shorten production preparation cycle, improve the quality of process design, process design and make the majority of staff from the tedious repetition of the work of liberation, research and development and promote the use of computer assisted process planning (CAPP) system is a fundamental way. CAPP System can greatly enhance new product development, market competitiveness and resilience; have important social and economic significance. CAD / CAPP / CAM integrated technology to meet our modern manufacturing engineering development. CIMS It is also an important component of the project to this end, our analysis of the situation at home and abroad on the basis of CAPP, the use of CAD, CAPP, expert system, database technology has successfully developed a feature-based box parts CAD / CAPP integrated system. The system can machine parts CAD CAPP integration with the complete decision-making process and automatically generate technical documents. An overall system plan For a long time, CAD, CAPP, CAM is an independent state of development, can not be achieved automatically passed between systems and exchange of information. CAD system output of the design results is two-dimensional engineering drawings and related technical documentation, during the machining process design rules, often through manual drawings into CAD CAPP then required to re-enter the computer data, not only affects the efficiency of design, but also in data conversion and transfer process may result in error and reduce the reliability of the design. CAPP will be part of the information input system; the best way is to realize CAPP CAD system and direct transmission of information between systems. However, the information needed to CAPP system and traditional CAD system output of the information is not exactly the same, which not only contains the parts geometry information, but also includes parts of the manufacturing process information. To solve this problem, the study status of the CA PP extensive research and in-depth analysis on the basis, we propose the development of feature-based CAD / CAPP integrated system of programs. Feature modeling system consists of an integrated CAD and CAPP subsystem composed of two parts. Several of the core functional modules and their relationship works as follows: (1) CAD feature modeling module is the core module of feature modeling subsystem is to achieve integration of CAD and CAPP important part, mainly to complete part design and information input. Modules in three-dimensional solid modeling system, based on the feature set constructed with parts, and completed a feature interactive technology through the property assignment. Part design model is completed, by generating the characteristic information database system linked with the CAPP. (2) Rules of inference modules that process decision-making module, is another core module CAPP subsystem. It features information database from the original start, the strategies used by a certain process rules knowledge base to infer process route and process the contents of the whole core of the system. (3) Process control procedures by the rules of knowledge base module and database composition. Control procedures and inference rules database module is the link between the database process knowledge and technology by the rules and so on. This module is highly interactive with the user module that allows users to interactively modify or add modules process rules knowledge. (4) Interaction module user interface module can interact with the application data, modify database contents, which is platform design reflects the thinking of a flag. (5) Manual build process module is the core module of CAPP subsystem. It is based on rules of inference modules aligned process routes, and the module structure of the part feature modeling three-dimensional solid model to generate two-dimensional process diagram and process content and Process summary, the auto-fill to the standard or custom process card, the build process manual. Key Technologies and Solution Although some research has been based CAPP, but several key technical issues has not been satisfactorily resolved. This includes a description of part information and input, making the implementation process, process diagrams and process files automatically. We CAPP system box part in the design process, the proposed and adopted a series of technical strategy, to complete three core modules of the design of the system in order to overcome these technical problems as far as possible, make the design of the function of CAPP system as perfect. Description of part information and input Enter the parts information in a variety of methods, so that CAPP system directly from the CA D model to extract part information is the best method, which can remove large amounts of data cumbersome and inefficient manual input. This must be modeled in the CAD parts, in addition to the usual geometric shape information, but also adding process information. we used to describe the methods of feature modeling and the input part of the message that the use of existing commercial CAD software as a graphics support, according to the function of parts intended shape good range of shape features that can be processed, then add parts manufacturing information, the formation of characteristic information. By defining the characteristics of a unified description of methods and characteristics of the data storage structure, a unified management features, and on this basis part design modeling, the characteristics of the manufacturing information into the initial design information into. is designed to form parts with features, follow-up of the CA PP module as long as the decision-making process passing through certain can easily be read directly from the characteristics of the database characteristic information. CAD feature modeling sub-system function is the part of the three-dimensional design, the part CAD model geometry process design and process information necessary to the CAPP system to provide the required part information. CAPP system how to extract the parts directly from CAD systems information technology is the CAPP and the technical difficulties one of the key. The system uses CAD / CAPP integrated feature model to solve this problem. Part features, including geometric shape information and manufacturing process information, the information in this system by the following obtained. CAD design for the parts not made the first three-dimensional CAD software as graphics support software, CAD design of parts. In the CAD design process, the shape functions by parts can be processed booked a series of shape features, while adding manufacturing process information. When the parts to complete CAD design, the part can get a geometric description of information and process information the characteristics of a unified model. these geometric features with the process of recording and unified by the database management system technology as a CAPP source of information for decision-making module, so that the CAPP system can access parts information directly from the CAD to achieve the integration of CAD and the CA PP. has been made to the original three-dimensional CAD design of parts, the module can be in the original model based on the geometric feature models directly established. In addition also enter part by human-computer interaction information, the establishment of feature model. Implementation of decision-making process CAPP system technology is the core of decision-making. By the status of CAPP research, analysis and comparison of various CAPP system implementation process in the decision-making methods, found that excessive pursuit of CAPP system in the automation of decision-making process is not the best. For a long time, CAPP The target has been replaced by technology staff to develop the automation system, developed under the guidance of this goal of "automatic" CAPP system, although the integration of expert knowledge and experience, but companies often need to use a longer time for data preparation and system debugging, but also a lot of training, which will dampen the enthusiasm of the user. In addition, "automatic" in its internal reasoning CAPP system and algorithms not for the user is often unknown variable, when the system answers to the actual situation and experience with the user The system inconsistent methods of reasoning and decision-making not be user modified, the user will lose confidence in this system. Another point is that over the pursuit of program design automation will greatly increase the workload of large amounts of data and the structure complex, and these errors will cause the software to increase the potential impact software reliability. On the other hand, process design and dynamic diversity. According to statistics, the production at the plant site, about 30% of the process design needs the actual production capacity and existing manufacturing resources, and amendments, to be implemented. Especially in today's more variety, less the trend of mass production, the production sites a little small perturbation (such as equipment failure, lack of tools, production planning changes etc.) often lead to unpredictable pre-processing method of processing the order and change. While the existing process design is generally a process to generate a unique route for the target, change process specification requires cumbersome procedures and longer time. This makes the process of order on the production site of unpredictable changes in the lack of sufficient adaptability and flexibility. To make the CAPP system design process design process to minimize both labor intensity, have good flexibility and adaptability In extensive research, testing and technology experts with the factory on the basis of repeated discussions, we propose a structural framework CAPP subsystem. In this system, the realization of decision-making process using actual production based on directed acyclic graph non-linear process design methods. Nonlinear characteristic is mainly reflected in the results provided by the system on multiple choices: for each part to provide a number of optimized process routes. the first to consider the highest priority process of order, does not apply if the process of order conditions at the production site was abandoned, then the second priority level of technical rules to be considered, so repeat the process continue until a satisfactory point of order. as described on the technology and modeling decision-making process can make the production process planning to meet the dynamic change. in accordance with this decision-making process guiding the design module automatically generates process route, and users are able to live according to the actual production of resources (such as machine tool equipment, loading rate, currently at the maintenance period, etc.) and the process used to plant involved in sorting and selection of processing routes, in order to achieve a balanced system automation and adaptability. In addition to automatic generation of process, this system can extract the rules in the process has generated useful information, constantly added to the process database. Users can also pre-existing process of order input process database. During the design process, according to the principle of similarity of parts from which technical rules have been called, slightly modified, or used directly, thus avoiding the re-designed to save time. Process map and process the file automatically generated Process documents; process map is an essential component. In the CAPP system, if generated automatically by a computer and draws Process diagram, will greatly improve the efficiency of process design. As is the process from blank to finished part shape, size, changing the process, process map will have to reflect this dynamic process in a particular instant (after each procedure) part of the form, and the part is very diverse, each part of the process and can have a different order, so it is difficult to generate a fixed way to process map. This makes the CAPP system development process mapping software, developed as a difficult work. To solve this problem, we developed a technology file generation subsystem and subsystem feature modeling with CAD, CAPP subsystem integration decision-making process as a whole. Subsystems include: (1) generated from the process decision-making subsystem process the data file to import process data; (2) According to the import process data and features from the CAD three-dimensional modeling subsystems are part of data, through analysis, processing, generating two-dimensional process map; (3) to generate a complete process documents; (4) post-processing, such as modifying the view, in the process file, add special content. Procedure automatically generated map CAPP technology is one of the key. After much research, decided to use three-dimensional CAD software, the secondary development interface using the view matrix method for system development, the establishment of smart process object-oriented graphics rendering subsystem. The system can follow the process decision-making process module generates the part line, parameter-driven intelligence to generate process maps, the structural framework shown in Figure 4. The system can features from the CAD model, process design information and standard graphics library to obtain the necessary data and information, automatically generate process plans and the corresponding processes card. You can also human-computer interaction generated by the process designer of the process to modify plans and processes cards editing. CAD / CAPP / CAM integrated manufacturing is one of the hot areas is extremely important in the CIMS project key. In