裝配圖車(chē)用永磁發(fā)電機(jī)電子穩(wěn)壓器（驅(qū)動(dòng)和保護(hù)電路設(shè)計(jì)）（開(kāi)題報(bào)告+論文+外文翻譯+文獻(xiàn)綜述+答辯PPT）,裝配,圖車(chē)用,永磁,發(fā)電機(jī),電子,穩(wěn)壓器,驅(qū)動(dòng),以及,保護(hù),維護(hù),電路設(shè)計(jì),開(kāi)題,報(bào)告,講演,呈文,論文,外文,翻譯,文獻(xiàn),綜述,答辯,ppt 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）文獻(xiàn)翻譯 設(shè)計(jì)（論文）題 目：車(chē)用永磁發(fā)電機(jī)電子穩(wěn)壓器（驅(qū)動(dòng)和保護(hù)電路設(shè)計(jì)） 　 分 院： 　電子信息分院　　　　 　 專(zhuān)業(yè)班級(jí)： 電子04201班 姓 名： 陶偉 學(xué) 號(hào)： 04305092 指導(dǎo)教師： 劉希真 教師職稱(chēng)： 副教授 完成日期： 2008年3月16日 溫州大學(xué)城市學(xué)院教學(xué)科研部制 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計(jì)（論 文）文 獻(xiàn) 翻譯 1. 所譯外文資料： The Promising Future of Permanent Magnet Generator SHI Li-wei1, ZHANG Xue-yi1, GENG Song-liang1, WANG Ya-lin1, LI Ai-jun1，LI Xian-wen2 [Abstract] After the introduction of the late automobile generator, the outstanding advantage of permanent magnet generator is presented systemically, and the promising appliance prospect is thus declared. [Key words] eletric engineering; generator; summarize; permanent magnet 1 A motor generator status quo at home and abroad At present, domestic and foreign automotive generator is Silicon ectifier generators. The electricity generator from a magnetic field winding, the field winding rotor easily destroyed, disconnected, power consumption, and must be provided by the exciting current batteries can power generation, this will inevitably increase the cost of the automobile. Silicon Rectifier generators with a brushless slip ring structure, slip ring diameter, high-speed, brushless easy to wear, short life expectancy, the high failure rate; other is the brushless generators, it increases the magnetic field gap , MFL, material utilization low and high cost. Domestic agricultural vehicles used by the generators is mainly ferrite magnets alternators, 200 W power in the following, not directly to the agricultural vehicle with the blowing rain, the plane heater, electric speakers, such as DC power, nor can the battery charging. At present, many domestic and foreign research institutes, enterprises invested a great deal of funds for permanent magnet motor generator Development of work. Are: (1) Permanent Magnet DC generator. Or through the use of ferrite materials and rare earth permanent magnets Series electronic regulator and generator windings and structural re-design, generating a stable output voltage direct current. (2) hybrid excitation generators. Its main magnetic field provided by the permanent magnet, the field winding only regulate magnetic field, to overcome the Silicon Rectifier brushless slip ring generators installed with the shortcomings of complex structures, low cost performance. 2 permanent magnet generators main advantages (1) structure is simple, reliable work. Permanent magnet generators to avoid a power generator excitation of the field winding-burning, carbon brush and disconnected, easy to wear slip-ring problems, improve reliability. Electronic regulators and as one of the generators, so that the generators of DC output, small size, light weight, the use of maintenance-friendly. (2) a single-phase dual-half-wave controlled rectifier technology. SCR to achieve with two DC output voltage regulator to replace the silicon rectifying the six generators Zheng Liuguan composed of three-phase rectifier bridge and regulating the rotor exciting current size of the electronic regulator. As the auto generator power, the output voltage to 14 V, output current, current per PN junction decline after a 0.7 V. By Q = IUt is understood that the current is, the more heat. PN junction of the large number of fever is not only a waste of the effective power generators, cooling and solve a difficult problem. Power generator output in the same circumstances, single-phase dual-half-wave controlled rectifier regulator circuit power consumption, comparable bridge rectifier circuit of low power consumption 50 percent, reduce the heat to raise the output power, and that the circuit - Stability Pressure, rectifier in one, greatly reducing costs. （3）More then 350 W generator, a high magnetic NdFeB rare earth permanent magnet materials, efficient use of our unique rare earth resources, rare metals and copper to reduce our dependence on foreign imports. The permanent magnetic materials with high energy product, the smaller size will be able to provide large enough magnetic field, making the internal structure of compact generators, small size, light weight. Simplify the structure of the rotor also made to reduce the rotor moment of inertia, practical speed increase over the power (that is, power, volume ratio) to achieve a higher value. 750W of NdFeB permanent magnet generators and 350 W silicon rectifying the quality of a generator. The permanent magnet materials also have a high residual magnetism induction intensity and coercive force, to magnetic curve for a straight line, almost no irreversible demagnetization. (4) less than 350 W for the generators, ferrite magnets used materials. Because this material is non-REE cobalt, nickel and other metals, low prices. Ferrite magnets used for rotor material, generator performance can also achieve the use of agricultural vehicles requirements. According to generator power output parameters corresponding select permanent magnetic materials, generators can meet performance requirements, but also improve the economic generators, and better meet the needs of the market. (5) high efficiency. Permanent magnet excitation generators, no electric field winding power consumption, which alone can improve the efficiency of electricity generation from 10% to 15%. The design of a permanent magnet rotor rotor, the need to provide exciting current rotating magnetic field, the rotor is also no electricity brushless excitation rotor and slip ring between the mechanical wear and tear, it can improve the efficiency of generating more than 5 percent. (6) wide use, charging effect distinctions. Generator not only has the regulator function, but also output DC, for battery charging, or direct-drive DC needed for the blowing rain, the plane heater, electric speakers, and so on. Voltage regulation of small, can effectively prevent the battery plate sulfide, will not charge less, will not be a charge. In the process of charging always maintain a small amount of Export, and will not produce large bubble. This is not a lot of electrolyte depletion and pollution battery surface, but also effectively avoid the intense Export and because of the active material loss, Thus extended battery life. 3 prospect of permanent magnet generators Farm vehicle ferrite magnets alternator has been widely applied in China. It uses parallel regulator technology (as shown in Figure 1), a stable output voltage alternating current, with outstanding cost performance, it is proved in practice agricultural vehicles generating the optimal choice. Because of large passenger cars and power generators, especially in large air-conditioned car idling at greater consumption of electricity, silicon rectifying generators can only rely on increased transmission ratio to improve low-speed performance, and the permanent magnet generators in power than when idling Exciting-high output power generators doubled, to tackle the vehicle idling consumption big problem. Figure 1 exchange regulator principle of constant pressure generator Permanent magnet motor generator, the structure and its advanced high-performance, the decision of the vitality of the product and market competitiveness, will replace silicon rectifying generators, improve the electrical system of the automobile the overall level of China's automobile industry to promote technology Progress. Therefore, high-efficiency, cost-effective and high stability of the permanent magnet generators will have a high value of theoretical research and broad application prospects for promotion. 中文： 具有開(kāi)發(fā)前途的車(chē)用永磁發(fā)電機(jī) 史立偉1，張學(xué)義1，耿松亮1，王亞林1，李?lèi)?ài)軍1，李賢溫2 [摘 要] 分析了車(chē)用發(fā)電機(jī)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，總結(jié)了永磁發(fā)電機(jī)的高效率、高性能價(jià)格比及高穩(wěn)定性的特點(diǎn)， 指出了永磁發(fā)電機(jī)具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。 [關(guān)鍵詞] 電氣工程；發(fā)電機(jī)；綜述；永磁 1 國(guó)內(nèi)外車(chē)用發(fā)電機(jī)現(xiàn)狀 目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外汽車(chē)用發(fā)電機(jī)主要是硅整流發(fā)電機(jī)。該發(fā)電機(jī)由電勵(lì)磁繞組產(chǎn)生磁，轉(zhuǎn)子的勵(lì)磁繞組易燒毀、斷線(xiàn)、消耗電能多，而且必須由蓄電池提供勵(lì)磁電流才能發(fā)電，這樣勢(shì)必增加了汽車(chē)成本。一種硅整流發(fā)電機(jī)帶有碳刷滑環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)，滑環(huán)直徑大、線(xiàn)速度高，碳刷容易磨損、壽命短、故障率高；另一種是無(wú)刷發(fā)電機(jī)，它增加了磁場(chǎng)氣隙、漏磁大，材料利用率低、成本高。國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)用車(chē)所采用的發(fā)電機(jī)主要是鐵氧體永磁交流發(fā)電機(jī)，功率在200W 以下，不能直接給農(nóng)用車(chē)的刮雨器、暖風(fēng)機(jī)、電喇叭等提供直流電源，也不能給蓄電池充電。 目前，國(guó)內(nèi)外許多科研單位、企業(yè)投入了大量資金進(jìn)行車(chē)用永磁發(fā)電機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā)研制工作。主要有： (1) 永磁直流發(fā)電機(jī)。通過(guò)采用鐵氧體或稀土永磁材料和串聯(lián)式電子穩(wěn)壓器，并對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)繞組和結(jié)構(gòu)重新設(shè)計(jì)，使發(fā)電機(jī)輸出電壓穩(wěn)定的直流電。 (2) 混合勵(lì)磁發(fā)電機(jī)。其磁場(chǎng)主要由永磁體提供，勵(lì)磁繞組只起調(diào)節(jié)磁場(chǎng)作用，克服了硅整流發(fā)電機(jī)帶有碳刷滑環(huán)裝置的缺點(diǎn)，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，性能價(jià)格比較低。 2 永磁發(fā)電機(jī)主要優(yōu)點(diǎn) (1) 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，工作可靠。永磁發(fā)電機(jī)避免了電勵(lì)磁發(fā)電機(jī)的勵(lì)磁繞組易燒毀、斷線(xiàn)及碳刷、滑環(huán)易磨損等問(wèn)題，可靠性提高。電子穩(wěn)壓器與發(fā)電機(jī)聯(lián)為一體，使發(fā)電機(jī)整體實(shí)現(xiàn)直流輸出，體積小，質(zhì)量輕，使用維護(hù)方便。 (2) 采用單相雙半波可控整流技術(shù)。用兩只可控硅實(shí)現(xiàn)穩(wěn)壓直流輸出，取替了硅整流發(fā)電機(jī)的6 只整流管組成的三相整流橋和調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)子勵(lì)磁電流大小的電子調(diào)節(jié)器。由于汽車(chē)發(fā)電機(jī)功率大，輸出電壓為14V，輸出電流大，電流每經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)PN 結(jié)下降0.7V。由Q=IUt 知，電流越大，發(fā)熱越多。PN 結(jié)的大量發(fā)熱不僅浪費(fèi)了發(fā)電機(jī)的有效功率，而且解決散熱問(wèn)題也成為一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。在發(fā)電機(jī)輸出相同功率的情況下，單相雙半波可控整流穩(wěn)壓電路的耗電量，可比整流橋電路的耗電量低50%，減少了發(fā)熱量，提高了輸出功率，而且該電路集穩(wěn) 壓、整流于一體，大大降低了成本。 (3) 對(duì)于超過(guò)350W 的發(fā)電機(jī)，采用高磁性的釹鐵硼稀土永磁材料，有效利用我國(guó)得天獨(dú)厚的稀土資源，并減少我國(guó)稀有金屬銅對(duì)國(guó)外進(jìn)口的依賴(lài)程度。該永磁材料具有高的磁能積，較小的體積就能提供足夠大的磁場(chǎng)，使得發(fā)電機(jī)內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、體積小、質(zhì)量輕。轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)化還使得轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量減少，實(shí)用轉(zhuǎn)速增加，比功率（即功率、體積之比）達(dá)到一個(gè)較高的值。750W 的釹鐵硼永磁發(fā)電機(jī)與350W 的硅整流發(fā)電機(jī)質(zhì)量相當(dāng)。該永磁材料還具有高的剩磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度和矯頑力，去磁曲線(xiàn)為直線(xiàn)，幾乎不產(chǎn)生不可逆退磁。 (4) 對(duì)于低于350W 的發(fā)電機(jī)，采用鐵氧體永磁材料。此材料由于不含稀土元素鈷、鎳等貴金屬，價(jià)格低廉。用鐵氧體永磁材料作轉(zhuǎn)子，發(fā)電機(jī)性能指標(biāo)也能達(dá)到農(nóng)用車(chē)的使用要求。根據(jù)發(fā)電機(jī)輸出功率參數(shù)相應(yīng)選擇永磁材料，既能滿(mǎn)足發(fā)電機(jī)性能要求，又能提高發(fā)電機(jī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性，更好地滿(mǎn)足市場(chǎng)需求。 (5) 效率高。發(fā)電機(jī)用永磁體勵(lì)磁，不需電勵(lì)磁繞組的電能消耗， 僅此一項(xiàng)即可提高發(fā)電效率10%～15%。轉(zhuǎn)子的設(shè)計(jì)采用永磁轉(zhuǎn)子，無(wú)需勵(lì)磁電流即可提供旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場(chǎng)，轉(zhuǎn)子也沒(méi)有電勵(lì)磁轉(zhuǎn)子碳刷與滑環(huán)之間的機(jī)械損耗，所以發(fā)電機(jī)效率又可提高5%以上。 (6) 用途廣，充電效果優(yōu)。發(fā)電機(jī)不僅具有穩(wěn)壓功能，而且還可輸出直流電，給蓄電池充電，或直接驅(qū)動(dòng)需用直流電的刮雨器、暖風(fēng)機(jī)、電喇叭等工作。電壓調(diào)整率小，能有效防止蓄電池的極板硫化，不會(huì)欠充電，也不會(huì)過(guò)充電。在充電過(guò)程中始終保持微量的出氣狀態(tài)，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量氣泡。這樣既不損耗大量的電解液和污染蓄電池表面，同時(shí)也有效地避免了因劇烈出氣而造成的活性物質(zhì)脫落， 從而延長(zhǎng)了蓄電池使用壽命。 3 永磁發(fā)電機(jī)的應(yīng)用前景 農(nóng)用車(chē)用鐵氧體永磁交流發(fā)電機(jī)已在我國(guó)廣泛應(yīng)用。它采用并聯(lián)式穩(wěn)壓技術(shù)(如圖1 所示)，輸出電壓穩(wěn)定的交流電，具有突出的性能價(jià)格比，實(shí)踐證明是農(nóng)用車(chē)發(fā)電機(jī)的最優(yōu)選擇。大型客車(chē)與轎車(chē)由于發(fā)電機(jī)功率大，尤其是大型空調(diào)車(chē)怠速時(shí)用電量較大，硅整流發(fā)電機(jī)只能靠增加傳動(dòng)比來(lái)提高低速性能，而永磁發(fā)電機(jī)在怠速時(shí)要比電勵(lì)磁式發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出功率高1 倍，因此能夠解決車(chē)輛怠速用電量大的問(wèn)題。 圖1交流恒壓發(fā)電機(jī)穩(wěn)壓原理圖 車(chē)用永磁發(fā)電機(jī)，以其先進(jìn)的結(jié)構(gòu)和優(yōu)異的性能，決定了該產(chǎn)品的生命力和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，必將取代硅整流發(fā)電機(jī)，提高了汽車(chē)電器系統(tǒng)的整體水平，促進(jìn)我國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。因此，具有高效率、高性?xún)r(jià)比和高穩(wěn)定性的永磁發(fā)電機(jī)將具有較高的理論研究?jī)r(jià)值和廣闊的應(yīng)用推廣前景。 2. 所譯外文資料： Research on steady voltage of permanent-magnet generator with pressure roller on the vehicle Xu Hong-qin,LI Ai-jum Abstract:the steady voltage theroy of permanent-magnet generator with pressure roller is analysed,permanent-magnet with the high remanence intensity is adopted,generator’s structure is designed with creatitity,and output voltage is increased at low rotate speed of generator.Using the parallel electronic voltage stabilizes stabilizes output voltage at high raotate speed,and solves vehicle’s permanent-magnet generator’s problem of generating stable voltage at wide speed and wide load. Key words:pressure roller； steady voltage；vehicle；permanent-magnet generator； 1 A regulator of the principle Wheeled permanent magnet generators with pressure from the wheel, with pressure rotor shell, a permanent magnet material from the shaft and the rotor, stator core, the armature winding, install a stent composed of the stator. Its features are: axis and mounting brackets connected to the stator windings and bearings of the inner ring were installed in the shaft pressure, pressure, pulley and rotor design as one shell, the inside of the rotor shell inlay block more permanent magnet materials, from Non-Magnetic aterials intervals, through the screw fixation rotor shell on the outside. When the rotor rotation, the rotating magnetic field, magnetic coil cutting lines, have EMF. As shown in Figure 1, simplified schematic shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 pressure with wheeled structure of permanent magnet generators 1 An electronic regulator;2 mounting bracket;3 waterproof dust covered; 4 Permanent Magnetic Materials; 5 wheeled outside pressure with the rotor shell;6 stator windings; 7 bearings; 8-axis Figure 2 generators simplified schematic Pressure wheeled vehicles with permanent magnet generators, the load is light, can be thought of as purely resistance, resistance values do not change with AC change. When connected to the circuit at the induction generator armature winding EMF role, through the current load: At both ends of the load voltage: When the generators at a low speed,(Cdn2) much smaller, can be omitted or not, U and n is proportional to n high speed when the generator when,(Cdn2) far better than the (R + r0) 2 can be neglected, close to constant . This shows that the output voltage generators, in low speed, with speed is proportional to the increase of cases increased, and then further increase the speed with the growth rate slowed down, to the maximum speed at stabilizing. Therefore, in generating the same load R circumstances, the generators themselves have a certain role of regulator. However, in practical application, load R constantly changing, the output voltage also will change, so a parallel electronic regulator to further stabilize the high-speed generator output voltage to meet the application requirements. Regulators electronic circuit as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 parallel electronic circuit regulator M-micro-current transformer; D1, D2, D3-diode; T1-transistor; SCR1, SCR2-SCR; DW-regulator of; R1, R2-resistance; C1-capacitance; Jf-alternator. When the generators running at low speed, through the use of high-intensity induction remanence Permanent Magnetic Materials, improving structural design of generators, increasing the very few, and to increase the armature winding turns, and other measures to increase the output voltage at low speed. When the generator empty, that is no current through the circuit, micro-M of the current transformer Cijixianquan no signal output, not on-SCR1 SCR, SCR2 is not conducting. In the daytime work, not because of the use of lights, no current through the circuit, despite the generator rotor rotary generators but no power output, this not only reduce the energy loss, but also ensure that the electronic regulator and reliability of the use of generators . When the generator is loaded, that is, in the current through the circuit, micro-M of the current transformer Cijixianquan a signal output, SCR SCR1-on. Starting rotation when the generator, because of low speed, the output voltage is low, less than the target set value regulator, the transistor T1 emitter and the point A voltage regulator of the DW is less than the breakdown voltage, the transistor T1 in the closing State, not to provide SCR SCR2 the gate trigger current, not on-SCR SCR2, electronic regulator output voltage generator is the ends of the output voltage. With the increase of generator speed, then increase the output voltage, when the voltage rise to a certain value, the transistor T1 emitter and the point A voltage regulator of the DW than the breakdown voltage, the transistor T1 by the deadline Into conduction, to provide SCR SCR2 the gate trigger current, on-SCR SCR2, generators instantaneous short-circuit, voltage wave Xue Qu part to reduce the output voltage, SCR SCR2 forward without delay to The deadline for voltage. SCR SCR2 after the deadline, then increased output voltage, the transistor's emitter and T1> point voltage also increased, again higher than when the regulator of the DW breakdown voltage, the transistor T1 by the deadline into on - , To give SCR SCR2 trigger the gate to provide current, SCR SCR2 from closing into on-again, generating more transient short-circuit, further reducing the output voltage, the cycle, SCR SCR2 repeatedly in the on-off status, thus E-output voltage regulator to maintain stability. Another on-SCR SCR2, a short-circuit nature of the emotional current, to have a magnetic effect and DC magnetic effect will also reduce the amplitude of the output voltage to achieve the objective of regulators. Electronic Regulators regulators before and after the output voltage waveform shown in Figure 4. (a) before the regulator output voltage waveform curve (b) after the regulator output voltage waveform curve Figure 4 electronic regulator regulators before and after the output voltage waveform curve. 中文： 車(chē)輛用壓帶輪式永磁發(fā)電機(jī)的穩(wěn)壓研究 徐紅芹，李?lèi)?ài)軍 摘要：分析了壓帶輪式永磁發(fā)電機(jī)的穩(wěn)壓原理，采用高剩磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的永磁材料并對(duì)發(fā)電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)，提高了發(fā)電機(jī)低轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)的輸出電壓。采用并聯(lián)式電子穩(wěn)壓器穩(wěn)定高轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)的輸出電壓，解決了車(chē)輛用永磁發(fā)電機(jī)在寬轉(zhuǎn)速、寬負(fù)載范圍內(nèi)輸出電壓保持穩(wěn)定的問(wèn)題。 關(guān)鍵詞：壓帶輪；永磁發(fā)電機(jī)；穩(wěn)壓；車(chē)輛 1穩(wěn)壓原理的分析 壓帶輪式永磁發(fā)電機(jī)由壓帶輪式外轉(zhuǎn)子殼、永磁材料構(gòu)成的轉(zhuǎn)子和由軸、定子鐵芯、電樞繞組、安裝支架構(gòu)成的定子組成。其特征在于：軸與安裝支架固定聯(lián)接，定子繞組和軸承的內(nèi)圈均壓裝在軸上，壓帶輪與外轉(zhuǎn)子殼設(shè)計(jì)為一體，外轉(zhuǎn)子殼內(nèi)側(cè)嵌有多塊永磁材料，由非導(dǎo)磁材料間隔，通過(guò)螺釘固定在外轉(zhuǎn)子殼上。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，磁場(chǎng)旋轉(zhuǎn)，線(xiàn)圈切割磁力線(xiàn)，產(chǎn)生電動(dòng)勢(shì)。如圖1 所示，簡(jiǎn)化原理圖如圖2 所示。 圖1壓帶輪式永磁發(fā)電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 1電子穩(wěn)壓器；2安裝支架；3防塵防水蓋；4永磁材料； 5 壓帶輪式外轉(zhuǎn)子殼；6定子繞組；7軸承；8軸 圖2 發(fā)電機(jī)的簡(jiǎn)化原理圖 車(chē)輛用壓帶輪式永磁發(fā)電機(jī)的外負(fù)載主要是照明燈，可認(rèn)為是純電阻性，電阻值不隨交流電的改變而改變。當(dāng)外電路接通時(shí)，在發(fā)電機(jī)電樞繞組感應(yīng)電動(dòng)勢(shì)的作用下，通過(guò)負(fù)載的電流為： 負(fù)載兩端的電壓為： 當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速很低時(shí)，(Cdn2)小得多， 可略去不計(jì)，U 與n成正比；當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速n很高時(shí), (Cdn2) 遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于（R+r0）2可忽略，接近于常數(shù)。 由此可見(jiàn)，發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓，在轉(zhuǎn)速較低時(shí)，隨轉(zhuǎn)速的升高成正比例地增加，然后隨轉(zhuǎn)速的進(jìn)一步升高增長(zhǎng)速度減慢，到最高轉(zhuǎn)速時(shí)趨于平穩(wěn)。因此在發(fā)電機(jī)負(fù)載R不變的情況下，發(fā)電機(jī)本身具有一定的穩(wěn)壓作用。但在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，負(fù)載R經(jīng)常變化，輸出電壓也隨之變化，因此采用并聯(lián)式電子穩(wěn)壓器進(jìn)一步穩(wěn)定發(fā)電機(jī)高速時(shí)的輸出電壓，以滿(mǎn)足使用要求。電子穩(wěn)壓器電路圖如圖3所示。 圖3 并聯(lián)式電子穩(wěn)壓器電路圖 M—微型電流互感器；D1、D2、D3—二極管；T1—三極管；SCR1、SCR2—可控硅； DW—穩(wěn)壓管；R1、R2—電阻；C1—電容；Jf—交流發(fā)電機(jī) 當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)低速運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，通過(guò)采用高剩磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度的永磁材料，改進(jìn)發(fā)電機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，增加極對(duì)數(shù)，以及增加電樞繞組匝數(shù)等措施提高低速時(shí)的輸出電壓。當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)空載時(shí)，即電路中無(wú)電流通過(guò)時(shí)，微型電流互感器M 的次級(jí)線(xiàn)圈無(wú)信號(hào)輸出，可控硅SCR1不導(dǎo)通，SCR2 也不導(dǎo)通。在白天工作時(shí)，由于不使用照明燈，電路中無(wú)電流通過(guò)，盡管發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)但發(fā)電機(jī)無(wú)功率輸出，這樣既減少了能量損耗，也保證了電子穩(wěn)壓器和發(fā)電機(jī)的使用可靠性。 當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)有負(fù)載時(shí)，即電路中有電流通過(guò)時(shí)，微型電流互感器M的次級(jí)線(xiàn)圈有信號(hào)輸出，可控硅SCR1導(dǎo)通。發(fā)電機(jī)開(kāi)始轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，由于轉(zhuǎn)速低，輸出電壓也低，小于設(shè)定的目標(biāo)穩(wěn)壓值，三極管T1的發(fā)射極與A點(diǎn)的電壓小于穩(wěn)壓管DW 的擊穿電壓，三極管T1處于截止?fàn)顟B(tài)，不能給可控硅SCR2的柵極提供觸發(fā)電流，可控硅SCR2 不導(dǎo)通，電子穩(wěn)壓器的輸出電壓即為發(fā)電機(jī)兩端的輸出電壓。隨著發(fā)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的升高，輸出電壓隨之升高，當(dāng)電壓升高到一定值后，三極管T1的發(fā)射極與A點(diǎn)的電壓大于穩(wěn)壓管DW 的擊穿電壓，三極管T1 由截止變?yōu)閷?dǎo)通，給可控硅SCR2 的柵極提供觸發(fā)電流，可控硅SCR2 導(dǎo)通，發(fā)電機(jī)瞬時(shí)短路，將電壓波形削去一部分以降低輸出電壓，可控硅SCR2 延時(shí)至無(wú)正向電壓時(shí)截止。可控硅SCR2截止后，輸出電壓隨之升高，三極管T1 的發(fā)射極與> 點(diǎn)的電壓也升高，當(dāng)再高于穩(wěn)壓管DW的擊穿電壓時(shí)，三極管T1由截止變?yōu)閷?dǎo)通，再給可控硅SCR2 的柵極提供觸發(fā)電流，可控硅SCR2 由截止再變?yōu)閷?dǎo)通，發(fā)電機(jī)再瞬時(shí)短路，輸出電壓再降低，周而復(fù)始，可控硅SCR2 反復(fù)處于通斷狀態(tài)，從而使電子穩(wěn)壓器的輸出電壓保持穩(wěn)定。另外可控硅SCR2 導(dǎo)通后，產(chǎn)生短路性質(zhì)的感性電流，產(chǎn)生去磁作用和直流磁性作用也將輸出電壓幅值降低，從而達(dá)到穩(wěn)壓的目的。電子穩(wěn)壓器穩(wěn)壓前、后輸出電壓的波形如圖4所示。 （a）穩(wěn)壓前輸出電壓波形曲線(xiàn) （b）穩(wěn)壓后輸出電壓波形曲線(xiàn) 圖4電子穩(wěn)壓器穩(wěn)壓前、后輸出電壓波形曲線(xiàn) 16