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五四語法十一 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài) 語法考點(diǎn)剖析 中考需要掌握的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般過去時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)、一般將來時(shí)及其被動(dòng)語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與often, usually, always等時(shí)間狀語連用，表示客觀真理。 She often works at the weekend.她經(jīng)常在周末工作。 There are four seasons in a year.一年有四季。 2．一般過去時(shí)。 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)為was, were，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)為動(dòng)詞的過去式。常與just now, yesterday, last week, ago等表示過去時(shí)間的狀語連用。 Who did you see at the meeting yesterday？昨天的會(huì)議上你看見了誰？ 3．一般將來時(shí)。 由“shall/will＋動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，shall用于第一人稱，will用于各種人稱；此外還有“be going to＋動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。常與tomorrow, next week等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。 I am going to stay for a week.我打算待一個(gè)星期。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.看那烏云，要下雨了。 ★be going to do表示將來是指事先經(jīng)過考慮的打算或有跡象表明要發(fā)生某事。 4．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 由“am/is/are＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情或近期一直在做的事情。句中常有now, look, listen等標(biāo)志詞。 Look! A bird is flying in the sky.看！一只鳥在天上飛。 She is teaching at a night school now.現(xiàn)在她在一所夜校教學(xué)。 5．過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。 由“was/were＋現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成，表示過去某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事情或過去某段時(shí)間一直在做的事情。常與this time yesterday, “when＋過去動(dòng)作”等時(shí)間狀語連用。 She was watching TV at this time yesterday.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候她正在看電視。 They were waiting for you last night.昨晚他們一直在等你。 6．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 ①由“have/has＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成，表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在有影響。標(biāo)志詞有since, for, already, yet, so far等。 I have lived in London since 10 years ago.自從10年前我就一直在倫敦居住。 They have lost the match.他們已經(jīng)輸了比賽。 ②當(dāng)句中有“How long...？/since.../for...”等時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，句中動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換如下： buy→have　　borrow→keep　　leave→be away die→be dead become→be come to→be in begin→be on stop→be over open/close→be open/closed leave＋地點(diǎn)→be away from＋地點(diǎn) join→be in/a member of 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx山東萊蕪中考)—Could you help me clean the floor, Bob? —Wait a moment. I for some information about the World Cup. A．search B have searched C．a(chǎn)m searching D was searching 2．(xx上海中考)Michael in a school in Yunnan from February to June next year. A．teach B．taught C．will teach D．was teaching 3．(xx湖北黃岡中考)—Your new watch is so nice! When did you buy it? —In April. I it for two months. A．have had B．had C．have bought D．bought 考點(diǎn)二 被動(dòng)語態(tài) 被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。 1．主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖： ★及物動(dòng)詞有被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞必須帶有介詞才可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 2．各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成： 語態(tài) 構(gòu)成 例句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的 被動(dòng)語態(tài) am/is/are＋過去分詞 This machine is made in China. 這臺(tái)機(jī)器是中國制造的。 一般過去時(shí)的 被動(dòng)語態(tài) were/was＋過去分詞 Jim was told to come early. 吉姆被告知要早到。 一般將來時(shí)的 被動(dòng)語態(tài) will/shall＋be＋過去分詞 The bridge will be finished in a month.這座橋?qū)⒃谝粋€(gè)月后竣工。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的 被動(dòng)語態(tài) am/is/are being＋過去分詞 The flowers are being watered by the workers.工人們正在澆花。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的 被動(dòng)語態(tài) have/has been＋過去分詞 My car has been repaired for a week. 我的車修了有一個(gè)星期了。 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) was/were being＋過去分詞 The trees were being cut down yesterday afternoon.昨天下午人們正在砍樹。 過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) had been＋過去分詞 By the time we got there, the fire had been put out. 我們到時(shí)，火已經(jīng)被撲滅了。 過去將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài) should/would be＋ 過去分詞 They said the work would be finished on time.他們說將會(huì)按時(shí)完成工作。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的 被動(dòng)語態(tài) can/may/must/should等＋be＋過去分詞 Your homework should be done on time.你應(yīng)該按時(shí)完成作業(yè)。 單項(xiàng)選擇 1．(xx山東萊蕪中考)—Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years. —Yes. And the highspeed rail in 2020. A．completes B．is completed C．will be completed D．will complete 2．(xx吉林長春中考)We Chinese by the touching documentary Amazing China. A．encourage B．encourages C．a(chǎn)re encouraged D．a(chǎn)re encouraging 參考答案 考點(diǎn)一 1～3 CCA 考點(diǎn)二 1～2 CC