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Unit 3 puters 一、閱讀理解。 Aging brings wrinkles, sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not all bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: Attitude is everything. Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger and stressed opposites. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people bee more fortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work. But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older. "The notion that those in old age are happiest is misleading," said Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. "It is based on paring people of different ages who are the same in terms of ine, health, family life." Easterlin added, "When you take account of the fact that older people have lower ine than younger, are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone, then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier. In fact, scientists have found that as people age, their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy. Even if one does give in to ages dark side, health and happiness dont always go hand-in-hand. Its all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness. Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. “Most people desire happiness,” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.” 1.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. The key factor to older adults’ happiness B. There is a conflict between aging and happiness C. No one can define the limit to happiness. D. The relationship between health and happiness. 2.Why are some seniors happier according to some experts? A. They focus on what makes them feel good. B. They have their own circle of friends. C. They have better ine after retirement. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness. B. Attitude may play a very important role in happiness. C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy. D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic. 4.What’s the topic discussed in the passage? A. Whether aging or attitude brings happiness. B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society. C. What the limit to an elder person’s happiness is. D. How older people feel pared with younger people. 【文章大意】隨著年齡的增加變老，人們的幸福感也是不一樣的。一些人認為老年人會更幸福些，而另一部分分則持有相反的觀點。無論如何，幸福的關鍵在于一個人對生活的態(tài)度。 1.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)此段中“the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life… no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”可知，幸福是沒有標準和限度的。故選C。 3.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Its all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.”可知，人們對生活和幸福的感覺主要取決于一個人的態(tài)度。故選B。 二、單句語法填空 1．Misunderstanding (arise) from lack of social munication, unless handled properly, may lead to serious problems. 答案：arising 2．They (total)overlooked the study of this important subject. 答案：totally 3．Though the problem given by the teacher was difficult，the boy said that he could find the (solve) to it. 答案：solution 4．Her car broke down on her way to the park; as result, she had to ask someone to repair it. 答案：a 5． children get older, they bee more and more interested in the things around them. 答案：As 6．This question is too difficult for the children. I think we’d better find a way to (simple) it. 答案：simplify 7．He was so absorbed in watching the car passing by he didn’t notice his friends ing. 答案：that 8．The king signalled him (be) quiet and went on speaking. 答案：to be 9．With global warming being more and more serious, it won’t be long some coastal cities disappear. 答案：before 10．Many people thought highly of what he said, but (person), I thought he just showed himself off. 答案：personally 三、完形填空。 When I was young，I thought that kindness was a beneficial thing.I __1__ that I could just give what I thought others __2__ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快樂小鎮(zhèn)). This thought process was __3__ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. __4__ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the __5__ to love oneself. Apart from that，I had to learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections __6__ people. My struggle with mental health was something that __7__ into a campaign to let every single person know that they __8__ and couldnt be replaced.At high school，it could be __9__ to convey this idea，but I __10__ pursued my passions (激情). The __11__ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help __12__：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and __13__ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.I tried to __14__ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a __15__ place to express themselves and learn __16__ to apply empathy(同感，共鳴) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly __17__ to inspire both myself and my friends. When I go off the college this year，Ill be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a nonprofit foundation in the future.My __18__ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of __19__ problems，but something that can be changed by even the __20__ actions. 1．A.wondered B．figured C．doubted D．predicted 2．A.wanted B．ignored C．lost D．ordered 3．A.unfortunately B．totally C．regularly D．a(chǎn)ccurately 4．A.It B．They C．He D．This 5．A.ability B．desire C．belief D．reason 6．A.for B．with C．from D．a(chǎn)bout 7．A.fell B．divided C．broke D．turned 8．A.mattered B．existed C．survived D．succeeded 9．A.difficult B．funny C．different D．perfect 10．A.casually B．briefly C．firmly D．surely 11．A.difficulty B．purpose C．fruits D．method 12．A.strangers B．teenagers C．friends D．families 13．A.led B．lent C．passed D．limited 14．A.write B．memorize C．prepare D．recall 15．A.quiet B．important C．large D．safe 16．A.how B．what C．where D．when 17．A.discussions B．suggestions C．experience D．theories 18．A.final B．primary C．simple D．grand 19．A.plex B．unsolvable C．unknown D．terrible 20．A.latest B．laziest C．slowest D．smallest 【解題導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者與抑郁癥作斗爭的經(jīng)歷使他轉(zhuǎn)變了思想，并用實際行動來幫助青少年和朋友們。他告訴大家，每個人都同樣重要并且不可替代。因此我們必須做出行動，因為即使是最小的行動都可以產(chǎn)生影響。 1．B　考查動詞辨析。句意為：我以為只要我能給予別人我認為他們想要的東西，我就能得到一張去快樂小鎮(zhèn)的單程票。A項意為“想知道”；B項意為“認為，以為”；C項意為“懷疑”；D項意為“預測”。短文第一句說明了作者小時候的想法，即作者認為善良是一件有益的事情，然后接著詳細地解釋他的想法。B項符合語境。故選B。 2．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“想要”；B項意為“忽視”；C項意為“丟失”；D項意為“命令，訂購”。此處指作者認為給予別人他認為別人需要的東西，他就會快樂。A項符合語境。故選A。 3．B　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“不幸地”；B項意為“完全地”；C項意為“定期地”；D項意為“準確地”。由下文可知，因為作者的臨床抑郁癥，作者以前給予別人想要的東西的想法變成了努力用他的想法去影響別人，改變別人，所以此處表達的是“這個思維過程完全變了”。B項符合語境。故選B。 4．A　考查代詞辨析。此處為句型“It bees/became＋adj.＋that從句”，代詞it為形式主語，that引導的從句為真正的主語。故選A。 5．A　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“能力”；B項意為“渴望”；C項意為“信念”；D項意為“理由”。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力”，根據(jù)語境可知，作者所需要的和每個人所需要的一樣，就是愛自己的能力。A項符合語境。故選A。 6．B　考查介詞辨析。句意為：除了這一點，我必須學會如何與人們建立更深、更有意義的聯(lián)系。make connection with...是固定短語，表示“與……建立聯(lián)系”。故選B。 7．D　考查動詞短語辨析。各選項所給動詞均可與介詞into構(gòu)成固定搭配：fall into意為“跌入”；divide into意為“分成”；break into意為“闖入”；turn into意為“變成”。由上文可知，作者的思維過程改變了，產(chǎn)生了新的想法，因此作者表達的是他在心理健康方面的掙扎變成了一場運動。turn into符合語境。故選D。 8．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“重要，有關系”；B項意為“存在”；C項意為“幸存”；D項意為“成功”。根據(jù)空格后面的“and couldn’t be replaced”可推知，此處表達的是“讓每個人都知道他們很重要，無法被替代”。A項符合語境。故選A。 9．A　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“困難的”；B項意為“滑稽的”；C項意為“不同的”；D項意為“完美的”。由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but和第二個分句的內(nèi)容可知，此處指的是“在高中，很難傳遞這個想法”。A項符合語境。故選A。 10．C　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“隨意地”；B項意為“簡短地”；C項意為“堅定地”；D項意為“確信地”。根據(jù)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處應表達“但是我堅定地追隨我的激情”。C項符合語境。故選C。 11．C　考查名詞辨析。上文提到雖然在學校作者很難傳遞自己的思想，但是他不放棄，由此可知，作者努力的結(jié)果就是他創(chuàng)造了幫助……的習慣和傳統(tǒng)。此處fruits表示“結(jié)果，成果”，符合語境。故選C。 12．B　考查名詞辨析。 ...Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and ________ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.(第二段第三句) 譯文：……每個星期五，我?guī)е鳂I(yè)的獎品來到學校，把它們發(fā)給那些似乎需要提神的孩子們。 由關鍵句可以推斷，作者幫助的是那些青少年們。teenager意為“青年，青少年”，符合語境。故選B。 13．C　考查動詞辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短語，意為“把……傳遞/分發(fā)蛤某人”，此處表達的是作者把帶來的作業(yè)獎品發(fā)給那些需要提神的孩子們。故選C。 14．B　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“寫”；B項意為“記住”；C項意為“準備”；D項意為“回憶”。由語境可知，作者想幫助青少年，所以他盡可能多地記住他們的名字。故選B。 15．D　考查形容詞辨析。作者建立了一個俱樂部，學生們在這里可以表達自己的想法，由此可知這是一個安全的地方，學生們能夠暢所欲言。safe意為“安全的”，符合語境。故選D。 16．A　考查連接詞辨析。此處為“疑問詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。由語境可知，作者想讓學生學會如何把表達的情感運用到日常生活中。how意為“怎樣，如何”，符合語境。故選A。 17．B　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“討論”；B項意為“建議”；C項意為“經(jīng)驗”；D項意為“理論”。在作者的個人社交網(wǎng)絡賬號上，作者每周發(fā)出的用于激勵自己和朋友的帖子應是建議之類的內(nèi)容。B項符合語境，其余各項均與語境不符。故選B。 18．A　考查形容詞辨析。This will help me start a nodprofit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句) 譯文：這將幫助我在將來建立一個非盈利基金會。 由關鍵句可知，作者一直堅持自己的信仰和做法，那么接著說的就是他的最終目標。final意為“最后的，最終的”，符合語境。故選A。 19．B　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“復雜的”；B項意為“難以解決的”；C項意為“未知的”；D項意為“糟糕的”。由語境可知，作者的最終目標是要證明這個世界不是無法解決的問題的集合體。unsolvable與下文的“can be changed”相銜接且符合語境。故選B。 20．D　考查形容詞最高級辨析。A項意為“最新的”；B項意為“最懶的”；C項意為“最慢的”；D項意為“最小的”。由本句中的“even”可知，此處指的是甚至是最小的行動都會改變一些事情。D項符合語境。故選D。 四、單句改錯 1．Under the help of the puter, it is now easy to deal with and share information. 答案：Under→With 2．With the wealth of the country increases, more waste will be produced. 答案：With→As或increases→increasing 3．In the way, I’m glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you. 答案：the→a 4．The environment of Hong Kong is very outstanding that it is chosen as one of the world’s most livable cities. 答案：very→so 5．Can you give me some advice on what to deal with this difficulty？ 答案：what→how或deal→do 五、單元語法——現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài) 1．(2016上海卷)In recent years，stress (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems，from high blood pressure to mental illness. 答案：has been regarded 2．(2015天津卷)Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement (reach) so far by the two sides. 答案：has been reached 3．(2018江蘇東臺月考)So far, large quantities of information (send) to the pany by email, which has a great effect on improving the quality of its products. 答案：have been sent 4．In the past ten years，a lot of trees (plant) on the hills in my hometown. 答案：have been planted 5．—Why do you look so upset? —The electricity was cut off suddenly and my essay (leave) unfinished since. 答案：has been left