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Unit 2 Language 一、閱讀理解。 Aging brings wrinkles, sagging bodies and frustrating forgetfulness. But getting older is not all bad for many people. Mounting evidence suggests aging may be a key to happiness. There is conflicting research on the subject, however, and experts say it may all boil down to this: Attitude is everything. Older adults tend to be more optimistic and have a more positive outlook on life than their younger and stressed opposites. The big question is why seniors are happier. A recent study suggests one reason: Older adults remember the past through happy memories. Aging can bring more cheer as people bee more fortable with themselves and their roles in society. The older adults said they were enjoying more time with their family, spending more time on hobbies and having greater financial security and did not have to work. But others are doubtful about the link between happiness and growing older. "The notion that those in old age are happiest is misleading," said Richard Easterlin, a professor of economics at the University of Southern California. "It is based on paring people of different ages who are the same in terms of ine, health, family life." Easterlin added, "When you take account of the fact that older people have lower ine than younger, are less healthy, and more likely to be living alone, then you will find it hard to accept that they are happier. In fact, scientists have found that as people age, their health declines and social networks disappear as their friends die, which can make the elderly less happy. Even if one does give in to ages dark side, health and happiness dont always go hand-in-hand. Its all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness. Despite the conflicting findings about aging and happiness, the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life. “Most people desire happiness,” Easterlin said. “To my knowledge, no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.” 1.What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A. The key factor to older adults’ happiness B. There is a conflict between aging and happiness C. No one can define the limit to happiness. D. The relationship between health and happiness. 2.Why are some seniors happier according to some experts? A. They focus on what makes them feel good. B. They have their own circle of friends. C. They have better ine after retirement. 3.What can we learn from the passage? A. People of the same age have the same sense of happiness. B. Attitude may play a very important role in happiness. C. People who adapt the best to changes are more likely to be unhappy. D. Older adults who have more valuable life experience are more optimistic. 4.What’s the topic discussed in the passage? A. Whether aging or attitude brings happiness. B. Why seniors adapt the best to changes in society. C. What the limit to an elder person’s happiness is. D. How older people feel pared with younger people. 【文章大意】隨著年齡的增加變老，人們的幸福感也是不一樣的。一些人認為老年人會更幸福些，而另一部分分則持有相反的觀點。無論如何，幸福的關鍵在于一個人對生活的態(tài)度。 1.C 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)此段中“the good news is that there doesn’t appear to be a limit to how much happiness one can achieve in one’s life… no one has identified a limit to attainable happiness.”可知，幸福是沒有標準和限度的。故選C。 3.B 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“Its all about attitude. Research by the University of Chicago’s Yang suggests that attitude about life and happiness, is partly shaped by the era in which a person was born. It turns out that individuals who adapt the best to changes also have the highest expected levels of happiness.”可知，人們對生活和幸福的感覺主要取決于一個人的態(tài)度。故選B。 二、單項選擇 1.As we all know, the English language _______ the grammar and vocabulary that people from different countries and cultures brought to Britain. A. consists of B. is consisted of C. makes up of D. makes up 【答案】A 2.The Google project has caused excitement in Hollywood because film studios are searching for new revenues to _______DVD sales, which are in steep decline. A. trade B. exchange C. replace D. reduce 【答案】C 【解析】replace代替，符合句意。句意：谷歌的這個項目讓好萊塢激動不已，因為電影制片廠正在尋找新收入來源，以替代急劇下滑的DVD銷售。 3.It was obvious that the meeting was concerned _______ the housing reform and everyone present was concerned _______ their own interests. A. with; with B. with; for C. for; about D. about; with 【答案】B　 【解析】句意：很顯然，這次會議是有關房屋改革的，每個在場的人都很關心他們自己的利益。be concerned with與……有關；be concerned for/about關心，為……擔憂。故選B。 4.For professional athletes, _______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books. A. appeal B. attachment C. access D. approach 【答案】C 【解析】access進入。句意：對于專業(yè)運動員來說，參加奧運會就意味著他們有機會被載入史冊。appeal請求；attachment附加；approach接近；方法。 5.It’s hard to tell real Jingdezhen vases, and it’s a little more difficult for the untrained shopper to _______. A. dismiss B. distinguish C. seek D. shelter 【答案】B 【解析】句意：很難分辨真正的景德鎮(zhèn)花瓶，對于未經(jīng)訓練的購物者來說區(qū)分它更困難。dismiss解散，解雇；distinguish區(qū)分，辨別；seek尋求，尋找；shelter庇護，保護。 6.He has been acting very strangely these days. I can’t _______ his actions any longer. A. ask for B. account to C. call for D. stand for 【答案】D 【解析】句意：這些天他行為古怪，我再也無法忍受他的行為了。stand for用在否定句中表示：容忍，忍受。 7.If what you say is not _______ with what you do，it will have a bad effect on your children. A. controversial B. consistent C. confident D. considerate 【答案】B 【解析】be consistent with與……一致。句意為：如果你言行不一的話，這將會對你的孩子產(chǎn)生不好影響。controversial爭論的，爭議的；confident自信的，確信的；considerate考慮周到的。 8. They tried to _______ hard plastics for metals in manufacturing machine parts. A. replace B. substitute C. take the place of D. give way to 【答案】B 【解析】substitute A for B=replace B with A用A來代替B；A takes the place of B用A代替B。give way to “讓路，讓步”。句意：在制造機器零件時，他們盡力用硬塑料代替金屬。 9.At the press conference, the government spokesman expressed his great _______ for the safety of the three trapped workers. A. sympathy B. concern C. sorrow D. anger 【答案】B 10.I would have gone to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not _______. A. available B. accessible C. acceptable D. adequate 【答案】A 【解析】句意：昨晚我本來是要去參加表弟的生日晚會的，但是我當時很忙，沒有空去。available可獲得的，有空的，可用的；accessible易接近的，可理解的，易懂的，易相處的，易獲得的；acceptable可接受的；adequate令人滿意的，適當?shù)模銐虻摹? 11.Ning Zetao, who won four golds at the 2014 Incheon Asian Games, _______ himself as a new swim star. A. considered B. developed C. distinguished D. represented 【答案】C 12.—What do you think of my new skirt? —It looks wonderful on you! I’m sure it will make you _______ in a crowd. A. stand by B. stand aside C. stand for D. stand out 【答案】D 【解析】stand out突出，顯眼，符合句意。stand by袖手旁觀，支持；stand aside讓開；stand for代表，象征。句意：“你覺得我的新裙子如何？”“穿在你身上真棒。我可以肯定地說(穿上它)會讓你在人群中非常顯眼。” 13.Difficult as the task was _______, they never gave up and kept trying all the time. A. to be acplished B. to acplish C. being acplished D. to have been acplished 【答案】B 14.What puzzles me is ________he was a thief when you first saw him. A. how you could tell B. how could you tell C. what could you tell D. what you could tell 【答案】A 【解析】句意：使我迷惑不解的是，你怎么會第一眼看見他就判斷他是個小偷呢？考查名詞性從句，名詞性從句用陳述語序，因此B和C可以排除。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構可知is后是表語從句，從句中又包含一個賓語從句，he was a thief是tell的賓語，因而不用what，故選A項。 15.You should be grateful to your employees, because you wouldn’t be _______ you are now without them. A. why B. how C. where D. which 【答案】C 【解析】句意：你應該感謝你的職員，因為沒有他們你不會到現(xiàn)在的位置。這里是表語從句，are動詞后面缺少的是地點，用where引導表語從句。 16.The best moment in the movie star’s life was _______ he received the Academy Award for Best Actor. A. where B. when C. how D. why 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)主語moment可知，此處用when引導表語從句。句意：對于這個電影明星來說，他最輝煌的時刻就是當他獲得奧斯卡最佳男主角獎的時候。 17.It is said _______ the picture shows a Chinese girl standing by the river under a tree, seemingly listening to a bird singing. A. which B. as C. what D. that 【答案】D 【解析】It是形式主語，真正的主語是空處引導的主語從句，從句意義和成分完整，故用that。句意：據(jù)說，這幅畫表現(xiàn)的是一個中國女孩站在河邊的樹下，似乎在聆聽一只鳥兒歌唱。 三、完形填空。 Chris Marlow, a minister and father of two, would say that his life prior to 2009 was good but ordinary. Then a mission trip to Zimbabwe turned his entire world ___1___ upside down, and he returned to his home in North Carolina a(n) ___2___ man. It was on this trip that Marlow was faced with the ___3___ of extreme poverty that showed itself determinedly in the faces of ___4___ children begging for food. One orphaned boy, in particular, who slept on the concrete floor of an ___5___ gas station with dozens of other orphaned children, ___6___ Marlow’s life work forever. The young boy begged Marlow to allow him to work for him ___7___ food, as he had not eaten for days and was starving. It was an ___8___ that Marlow could not forget as he spent the following days of the trip driving through dusty roads and desperation, ___9___ to find a way to feed the hungry orphans. Marlow went on to found Help One Now, a non-profit organization that ___10___ ordinary people to help provide food, shelter, and education to poor children in Africa, Haiti, and around the world through ___11___ acts of generosity. In 2016 he published his first book, Doing Good Is Simple, the story of his transformative experience with the reality of severe poverty, as a ___12___ for others looking to make a positive ___13___ in the world from right where they are. The book does more than ___14___ people to do good—it puts the suggestion into action with every ___15___. “Early on, we decided that we would use the profits of Doing Good Is Simple to ___16___ meals for children in our munities around the world,” Marlow explains. “Every book that is ___17___ will provide five meals for children in one of our munities. In the first 30 days after the book’s ___18___, we hit over 30，000 meals.” Help One Now is ___19___ working to aid Haiti in the disaster relief of Hurricane Matthew. “We encourage those interested in working with the ___20___ to think of ways to help that fit their individual personalities and lifestyles,” he says. “And we also love to see you advocate for us.” 語篇解讀：本文講述一個叫 Chris Marlow 的人，在他的一次津巴布韋旅途過后，那里挨餓的孤兒的現(xiàn)狀改 變了他對世界的看法。于是他成立了一個組織，幫助那些沒飯吃的孩子。 1.A. economy B. map C. view D. tour 【答案】C 【解析】view 意為“看法”，符合語境，即一次旅行改變了他對世界的看法。 2.A. astonished B. changed C. inspired D. confused 【答案】B 【解析】過去分詞 changed 在本句中作定語，意為“改變了的”，即他回到家鄉(xiāng)時成為一個完全改變了的 人。 3.A. atmosphere B. shape C. addition D. reality 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他在旅途中看到了極度貧困的事實狀況。atmosphere(氣氛)；shape(形狀)；addition(增加)； reality(現(xiàn)實；事實)。根據(jù)語境可知選 D。 4.A. starving B. crying C. struggling D. running 【答案】A 【解析】starving(挨餓的)；crying(哭著的)；struggling(努力的；掙扎的)；running(跑著的)。根據(jù) children 后面的“begging for food”可知，A 項符合語境，即面對著一群正在討飯的挨餓的孩子。 5.A. abolished B. acquired C. attached D. abandoned 【答案】D 【解析】abolished(廢除的)；acquired(獲得的)；attached(附加的)；abandoned(廢棄的)。既然是睡在加油站， 所以可以推斷這一定是廢棄了的加油站。故選 D。 6.A. transformed B. transferred C. confirmed D. blocked 【答案】A 【解析】句意：一個孤兒改變了他的人生。transform 意為“改變”，符合語境。 7.A. in return for B. in favour of C. in exchange for D. in search of 【答案】C 【解析】句意：那個孩子請求 Marlow 讓他為他工作換飯吃。in return for(作為……的回報)；in favour of(支 持；贊同)；in exchange for(交換)；in search of(查找)。根據(jù)句意可知選 C。 8.A. interruption B. interval C. interview D. interaction 【答案】D 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語境可知，他去那些孤兒那里的活動(interaction)讓他終生難忘。 9.A. convinced B. determined C. prepared D. satisfied 【答案】B 【解析】他下決心(determine)要找到辦法養(yǎng)活那些挨餓的孩子們。 10.A. reminds B. equips C. requires D. permits 【答案】B 【解析】equip 在這里意為“使具備；使有準備”，符合語境，即他成立的這個組織，使得普通人通過簡 單的行動，去幫助那些窮孩子，為他們提供食物等。 11.A. brief B. graceful C. simple D. courageous 【答案】C 【解析】同上題，即通過簡單的(simple)行動，幫助窮孩子。 12.A. measure B. rule C. tool D. guide 【答案】D 【解析】句意：他出版的書作為那些想要對世界起到積極影響的人的指導用書(guide)。 13.A. decision B. request C. difference D. ment 【答案】C 【解析】 同上題， 即想要對世界起到積極影響的人的指導用書。 make a difference 意為“有影響； 起作用”， 符合語境。 14.A. encourage B. entitle C. allow D. appoint 【答案】A 【解析】句意：這本書起到的作用還不只是鼓勵(encourage)人們做好事。 15.A. attempt B. purchase C. publication D. adoption 【答案】B 【解析】purchase 意為“購買”，符合語境，即每當有人購買這本書的時候。 16.A. submit B. contribute C. pass D. provide 【答案】D 【解析】即他們用賣書的錢給孩子們提供(provide)食物。 17.A. written B. sold C. read D. bought 【答案】B 【解析】每賣出(sold)一本書可以給孩子提供五頓飯。 18.A. release B. recovery C. reservation D. registration 【答案】A 【解析】句意：在這本書發(fā)行(release)后的前 30 天，賣書賺的錢夠提供 30, 000 頓飯的。 19.A. eventually B. annually C. currently D. permanently 【答案】C 【解析】他成立的這個組織目前(currently)正在幫助海地災區(qū)的受害者。 20.A. organization B. munity C. corporation D. government 【答案】A 【解析】即指本段開頭的 Help One Now 這個組織(organization)。 四、七選五。 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(總和) of its parts? 　 1　. But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 　 2 　 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 　 3 　.However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them es from our earliest years. ●Recall(回憶)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 　 4 　 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 　 5 　. Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 【語篇解讀】本文屬于說明文，美麗的花園能給我們帶來美好的視覺享受，文章中給出了兩個自己建設花園的具體建議。 1.F 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)文章首句及下文的＂But it doesn’t happen by accident＂可知，這里是在講＂你是否曾去過一個花園……但是它不是偶然發(fā)生的＂。故F項＂You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too＂符合語境。 3.E 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂Some people may think...＂和＂Others are concerned about...＂可知此處表達的是人們種植花園的不同原因，而E項中的＂Still others may simply enjoy...＂與上下文銜接自然，故選E項。 4.C 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。根據(jù)上文的＂...but that’s not what’s important＂和下文中的＂how being in those gardens made us feel＂可知此處講的應是什么是重要的，故C項符合語境。 5.G 【解析】考查上下文的銜接。上文的＂the gardens of your youth＂以及下文的＂your childhood memories＂與G項中的＂those gardens＂和＂the strongest memory you have＂相呼應，故選G項。