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Unit 3 Looking good，feeling good 一、閱讀理解。 There are two types of people in the world.Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other forts of life,one bees happy and the other bees unhappy.This arises from the different ways in which they consider things,persons,events and the resulting effects upon their minds. People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation,the well prepared dishes,the goodness of the wine and the fine weather.They enjoy all the cheerful things.Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.Therefore,they are continually dissatisfied.By their remarks,they sour the pleasure of society,offend(hurt) many people,and make themselves disagreeable everywhere.If this turn of mind was founded in nature,such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied.The intention of criticizing(批評) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿).It grows into a habit,unknown to its possessors.The habit may be strong,but it may be cured when those who have realized its bad effects on their interests and tastes.I hope this little warning may be of service to them,and help them change this habit. Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination,it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck.Those people offend many others; nobody loves them,and no one treats them with more than the most mon politeness and respect.This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments.If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune,nobody wishes them success.Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes.If they bring on themselves public objections,no one will defend or excuse them,and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings.These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing,without worrying needlessly about themselves and others.If they do not,it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接觸) with them.Otherwise,it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient,especially when one bees mixed up in their quarrels. 1.People who are unhappy_____. A.always consider things differently from others B.usually are affected by the results of certain things C.usually misunderstand what others think or say D.always discover the unpleasant side of certain things 2.The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” means “_____ ”. A.have a good taste with social life B.make others unhappy C.tend to scold others openly D.enjoy the pleasure of life 3.In this passage,the writer mainly____. A.describes two types of people B.laughs at the unhappy people C.suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness D.tells people how to be happy in life 參考答案： 1.D; 2.B; 3.C 解析： 生活中有些人擁有相同的健康、財富和生活條件,但由于考慮事情、人物、事件的角度不同,一些人感到幸福,而另一些人則感到不幸福。由于這些不幸福的人處處冒犯別人,其結(jié)果只能是處于被孤立的境地。 1.D 推理判斷題。從第二段第三句話“Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things.”可以看出另一些人感到不幸福的原因。 2.B 詞義猜測題。從該短語后的“...offend (hurt) many people,and make themselves disagreeable everywhere”可以猜出 “sour the pleasure of society” 的正確含義。 3.C 主旨大意題。本文主要講的是那些感到不幸福的人處處冒犯別人,若長此以往,則只能處于被孤立的境地,所以他們應(yīng)改變自己的習(xí)慣。 二、單項選擇 1.To our disappointment, the school principal _______ his nephew in the list of candidates who are offered an opportunity to study in Singapore. A. includes B. contains C. adopts D. concludes 【答案】A 【解析】句意：令我們感到失望的是，校長把他的侄子列入有機會前往新加坡學(xué)習(xí)的候選人名單中。include在本句中意義為“把……列入……”。include(包括，包含)指在整體中能明確界定的幾個部分。contain(包含，含有，裝有)指一個較大事物中所容納的分離部分，有封閉于一個整體的感覺。例如：The parcel included a dictionary.那包裹里也包括了一本字典。The parcel contained a dictionary.那包裹里裝的是一本字典。adopt收養(yǎng)，采用，采取，采納；conclude得出結(jié)論，推斷出，決定。 2.The brave soldier would prefer to _______ rather than _______ and in the end the enemy had to kill him. A. dying, giving in B. die, to give in C. dying, to giving in D. die, give in 【答案】D 【解析】prefer to do...rather than do...寧愿……而不愿……。句意：勇敢的士兵寧愿死也不愿屈服，最后敵人不得不殺了他。故選D 3.After the great earthquake happened 2012，the whole society in Turkey _______ on rescuing the people in ruins. A. concentrated B. insisted C. depended D. based 【答案】A 【解析】concentrate on doing sth.集中精力做……。insist on堅持；depend on依靠；base on以……為根據(jù)。句意：2012年大地震后，土耳其整個社會集中精力營救那些被埋在廢墟中的人們。 4.People tend to think that if you want to achieve something big, you’ll have to _______. A. make sense B. give way C. take risks D. lose face 【答案】C 【解析】make sense有意義，理解，講得通，是明智的；give way讓路，退讓；take risks冒險，冒風(fēng)險，擔(dān)風(fēng)險；lose face丟臉，丟丑，失去面子。句意：人們往往認為，如果你想成就一番，你就得去冒險。 5.If these new measures don’t work, we’ll have to _______ our old system. A. make up for B. e up with C. break away from D. fall back on 【答案】D 【解析】make up for補償；e up with提出；break away from脫離；fall back on求助于，依賴，轉(zhuǎn)而依靠。句意：如果這些新的措施沒有效果的話，我們就不得不仍然依賴舊的體系。 6.Character is, _______, the decisive factor in the life of individuals and of nations alike. A. in the long term B. on the other hand C. in the meanwhile D. as a result 【答案】A 【解析】in the long term從長遠來看；on the other hand另一方面；in the meanwhile同時；as a result結(jié)果。故選A。句意：從長遠來看，人格是個人生活的決定因素，對國家也是如此。 7.When we heard the joke we were unable to _______ our laughter. A. release B. abandon C. throw D. contain 【答案】D 【解析】contain克制=control。句意：我們聽到這個笑話時，忍不住笑了。 8.Considering the location _______ the price, many parents buy houses for their children’s education. A. in preference to B. in response to C. in addition to D. in regard to 【答案】A 【解析】句意：為了孩子上學(xué)，許多父母親買房都會優(yōu)先可慮(in preference to)當(dāng)?shù)氐姆績r。in response to對……做出反應(yīng)；in addition to除……之外；in regard to關(guān)于……。 9.According to the Gini Index, the degree of wealth _______ in China has risen by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than that of the US. A. affection B. concentration C. identification D. application 【答案】B 【解析】concentration集中，全神貫注。句意：據(jù)基尼指數(shù)顯示，過去35年來，中國的財富集中度增長了三分之一，如今比美國還高。 10.Young people may risk _______ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 【答案】C 11.To keep safe in case of an earthquake, you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may _______ you. A. fall down B. fall off C. fall on D. fall out 【答案】C 【解析】fall on/upon 突然降臨。句意：萬一發(fā)生地震，為了安全起見你應(yīng)呆在屋子里沒有東西能砸中你的地方。 12.What you’re learning today seems useless, but _______ it will surely have significant influence on your development. A. on average B. in the long run C. in exchange D. by all means 【答案】B 【解析】on average平均，通常；in the long run從長遠來看；in exchange作為交換；by all means一定，務(wù)必，盡一切辦法。句意：你們今天所學(xué)的似乎沒有用處，但是從長遠來看，它將一定會對你的發(fā)展有重大的影響。 13.—How are you getting on with your father, Lucy? —Couldn’t be _______. However hard I try, he just isn’t satisfied. A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst 【答案】B 14.Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues _______ with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused 【答案】A 【解析】過去分詞作賓語補足語。與它所修飾的her colleagues存在被動關(guān)系。(be)amused with…?？疾閗eep+賓語+賓補結(jié)構(gòu)。amused感到高興的；amusing令人高興的。句意：露西有很強的幽默感，總是使她的同事們對于她的故事感到高興。所以選A。 15.One of the witnesses to the accident wrote a report to the police, _______ he described what had happened. A. for whom B. with whom C. to which D. in which 【答案】D 【解析】in which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞a report。句意：事故的其中一個目擊者給警察寫了一份報告，報告中描述了事故發(fā)生的經(jīng)過。故選D。 16.—How are things going, Janet? —They have set out to deal with the present situation _______ they think deserves their immediate attention. A. which B. where C. when D. what 【答案】A 17.I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, _______? A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我肯定你寧愿她坐公交車去學(xué)校，是不是？此處考查的是I’m sure引導(dǎo)的從句的反義疑問句，應(yīng)該是與后面的從句保持一致；在從句中涉及到了would rather的虛擬語氣的使用，但并不影響反義疑問句的生成，故使用wouldn’t you即可。 三、完形填空 Every Friday I went to a senior nursing home which was the lowest rating—one star out of five. It seemed as if it needed 　1　, but little did I know it would help me too. During my first visit I helped to polish some female residents’　2　. One woman asked me many questions. After she was satisfied with my 　3　, she started to share some of her hidden 　4　. By listening to her, I realized I had actually helped her: she looked relieved, 　5　 of some of her past pains. When she was finished, she told me something that 　6　 me to visit the nursing home every week. She said, “You’re the 　7　 person I was able to tell this to. The other ladies are too busy to listen to me, and the other 　8　 don’t care. You’ll e back next week, right? ” After 　9　 blowing on her newly coated nails, I smiled and 　10　, “Yes, I’ll see you next Friday. ” That day, I was gladdened by the 　11　 that I had helped somebody. I realized an action as simple as 　12　 became something much more. During every second I spent there, I realized how much of a difference my 　13　 could have on the lives of others, and I also found energy in a place not 　14　 known for it. But the most 　15　 aspect of living there is that it breaks the human 　16　 between those in today’s society and the nursing home residents. Every moment I spend chatting is an opportunity to 　17　 that connection again, to unwrap their troubles, and to shape someone’s life. In 　18　, that moment also shapes me. I not only learn about life and experiences outside of school, but also receive the 　19　 of being part of this process—this connection between humans. Those 　20　 of sharing and listening are magical for both the giver and the receiver. 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文, 介紹作者在療養(yǎng)院服務(wù)期間的感悟和認識。明白一個道理: 傾聽和分享是一件使接受者和給予者都高興的事。 1. A. care　 　 B. help　 　 C. money　 　 D. repair 【解析】選B。根據(jù)前后句的內(nèi)容可知這家療養(yǎng)院是等級最低的, 似乎需要幫助, 信息詞help me too, 故選B。 2. A. bags B. coats C. nails　 D. shoes 【解析】選C。根據(jù)第三段中的her newly coated nails 可知幫助這些人修指甲, 故選C。 3. A. answers B. performances C. appearances　 D. behaviors 【解析】選A。answer回答; performance表演, 表現(xiàn); appearance外表, 出現(xiàn); behavior行為。根據(jù)前句中的questions判斷這位老人對作者的回答很滿意, 故選A。 4. A. secrets B. truths　　 C. facts　　 D. hurt 【解析】選D。根據(jù)后句中pains判斷老人給作者講述了她內(nèi)心的痛苦, 故選D。 5. A. uninformed B. unburdened C. unsure　 D. unaware 【解析】選B。uninformed無知的; unburdened 沒有負擔(dān)的; unsure 不確定的; unaware沒意識到的。從下文可知作者認為通過傾聽, 她幫助了這位老人, 由此判斷老人在傾訴完后, 心里的痛苦得到了宣泄, 會感到非常輕松, 故選B。 6. A. inspired B. invited　　　 C. allowed　　 D. persuaded 【解析】選A。inspire激勵; invite邀請; allow允許; persuade說服。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知作者常常來療養(yǎng)院, 是老人的話激勵了作者, 故選A。 7. A. right B. last C. very　 　 D. only 【解析】選D。根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容可知別人沒有時間或者不愿意傾聽她的訴說, 換句話說作者是唯一一個愿意聽她說話的人, 故選D。 8. A. nurses B. females　　　 C. residents　　 D. volunteers 【解析】選C。nurse護士; female 女性; resident居民; volunteer志愿者。根據(jù)上文和the other可知她認為其他在療養(yǎng)院的人們不在意她, 故選C。 9. A. gently B. hurriedly　　 C. simply　　 D. fortably 【解析】選A。由語境可知作者在給老人們修剪指甲, 由此判斷她是輕輕地吹新涂上的指甲, 故選A。 10. A. admitted　 B. promised　 C. shouted　　 D. declared 【解析】選B。admit 承認; promise承諾; shout 喊; declare宣稱。根據(jù)作者說話的內(nèi)容可知作者答應(yīng)了老人的請求, 做出了承諾, 故選B。 11. A. belief　 B. truth C. courage D. fact 【解析】選D。belief信念; truth真相; courage勇氣; fact事實。從上文可知作者幫助了這位老人, 判斷她對自己能幫助別人這個事實感到高興,故選D。 12. A. polishing B. sharing　　 C. listening　　 D. talking 【解析】選C。根據(jù)上文可知作者僅僅是傾聽老人說話就幫助了她, 故選C。 13. A. actions　 B. dreams　　 C. measures　　 D. hopes 【解析】選A。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知作者意識到自己的行為可以影響到別人, 故選A。 14. A. rarely　 B. typically　 C. actually　　 D. entirely 【解析】選B。rarely罕見地; typically典型地; actually事實上; entirely完全地。作者在這種通常不以精力和活力而聞名的地方發(fā)現(xiàn)了老人們?nèi)匀痪哂械幕盍? 故選B。 15. A. interesting B. conflicting　 C. surprising　 D. troubling 【解析】選D。interesting 有趣的; conflicting矛盾的; surprising令人驚訝的; troubling令人困擾的。由句子內(nèi)容可知與外界的隔絕是一件麻煩事, 讓人煩惱的事, 故選D。 16. A. memory B. personality　 C. connection　 D. custom 【解析】選C。memory記憶; personality 個性; connection 聯(lián)系; custom習(xí)俗。從下文可知作者認為療養(yǎng)院的老人們和外界隔絕, 沒有了聯(lián)系, 故選C。 17. A. tie　 B. find　　 C. continue　 D. break 【解析】選A。從上文可知作者認為在療養(yǎng)院的人和外界隔絕, 所以她認為自己和他們的交流就是重新讓他們與世界建立連接, 故選A。 18. A. sum B. turn　　 C. all　 D. general 【解析】選B。in sum總而言之; in turn反過來; in all 總共; in general一般而言。反過來, 那種時刻也幫助了作者, 強調(diào)雙方的受益, 故選B。 19. A. wele　 B. message　　　 C. invitation　　 D. gift 【解析】選D。從上下文可知作者認為自己也從幫助別人中收獲很多, 故選D。 20. A. thoughts　 B. occasions　　 C. moments 　 D. activities 【解析】選C。thought 想法; occasion 場合; moment時刻; activity活動。從Those判斷該詞應(yīng)該是上文提到過的名詞, 根據(jù)末段首句可知選C。 四、七選五 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 1 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological. One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 2 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 3 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The mon cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. 4 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(傾向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly . 5 A. However,women,onaverage,livelonger. B. Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart. C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes. D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway. E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities. F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife. G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions. 【語篇解讀】本文介紹了女性比男性壽命長的原因。 1.A 根據(jù)空格下一句 ＂一般說，女性比男性多活6到7年＂可知此處的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性壽命更長。故選A。 2.G 根據(jù)空格上句＂男性和女性之間荷爾蒙的不同幫助女性活得更久＂可知此空的意思是：荷爾蒙是身體分泌的控制身體各種功能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選G。 3.D 根據(jù)下句＂它們幫助身體本身抵抗各種感染＂可知此空的意思是：女性荷爾蒙也用另一種方式保護身體。故選D。 5.E 根據(jù)空格前兩句＂一些人認為女性的身體細胞有比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認為男性的身體細胞有老化較快的傾向＂可知E項＂最近的研究似乎支持這兩種可能＂符合題意。故選E。