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Cultural relics 一、閱讀理解 Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare.The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment. Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastles Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment.One reflected standard mercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw.After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment. “To do this，we trained each pig.In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets—pigs love them—and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bittertasting，”a researcher said. Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets.On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans. The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets.Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism. The findings suggest that a onesizefitsall answer to animal welfare issues does not exist.Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern.Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste. 1．What was the study trying to figure out? A．How to make pigs happier. B．The similarities between humans and pigs. C．How living environment affected pigs mood. D．How pigs mood and personality affected their judgment. 2．What does the underlined word “cushier”in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Simple. B．More fortable. C．Unpractical. D．Less free. 3．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic? A．The bowl with chocolate sweets. B．The bowl containing coffee beans. C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans. D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs. 4．What do the findings of the new research imply? A．People should treat pigs equally. B．Peoples health relies on meat quality. C．People should meet pigs various needs. D．Peoples attitude toward pigs is totally wrong. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇研究報(bào)告，講述情緒和性格在動(dòng)物中的相互作用。 【段意梳理】第一段：概述情緒和性格在動(dòng)物中的相互作用，這些相互作用會(huì)影響它們的判斷。 第二至五段：研究者Asher和她的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)把豬分成兩組進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程。 第六段：根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果，研究人員進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)。 1．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal, influencing judgment”可知，選項(xiàng)D的概括符合題意。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。 2．B　考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“more space and plenty of soft, deep straw”可知，另一個(gè)環(huán)境很舒適。所以選項(xiàng)B正確。 3．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations, to see how the pigs would react”以及該段后兩句的對(duì)比描述可知，D選項(xiàng)與第五段內(nèi)容一致。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。 4．C　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想獲得高質(zhì)量和口感好的豬肉，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足豬的多種需要。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。 二、單句語法填空 1．(2017北京高考)The little problems ________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 答案：that　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the little problems，且從句中缺少賓語，故用that。 2．(2017天津高考)My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. 答案：whose　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，且與其后名詞存在所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用whose。 3．Mr Reed ________ (select) to represent us in the meeting has been sent to have a talk with them. 答案：selected　由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語。select與其所修飾的Mr Reed之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此填selected。 4．It was clearly ________(evidence) that the pany was in great difficulties. 答案：evident　It is/was evident that ... 是常用句型，意為“很明顯……”。 5．Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how ________(survive) without friends in life. 答案：to survive　“疑問詞＋動(dòng)詞不定式”在本句中作表語，how to survive “怎么生存”。 6．I dont really fancy ________ (do) business with him. 答案：doing　fancy doing ... “想要做……”。 7．He was severely criticized and ________ (remove) from his post. 答案：removed　remove sb. from his post “開除某人”，此處是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此填removed。 8．It is said that the early European playing cards ________ (design) for entertainment and education. 答案：were designed　be designed for “為……而設(shè)計(jì)”。 9．We ________(face) the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? 答案：could have faced　由后一分句可知，前一分句謂語應(yīng)用could have done結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“過去我們本來可以共同面對(duì)困難”。 10．All the workers ________(belong) to the factory must obey the rule. 答案：belonging　由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)填belong的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，workers與belong to之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故用現(xiàn)在分詞belonging to作后置定語。belong to無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 三、完形填空 “Guys, get out of the mud! How many times do I have to tell you? ”I 　 1　 the words angrily. I felt myself recreating the 　 2　 words my parents had said to me so many times in the past, and I felt powerless to change my kids’ actions. A(n) 　 3　 thought came to me, one that es to most 　 4　 at some point: “Am I being my father?” We were on a short vacation, and my daughter and son were playing in the mud, splashing(濺)it with their boots, and 　 5　 the feeling. You know, one of those feelings that we adults are far too 　 6　 to enjoy anymore. It was the third and last day of our trip, and I’d been with the kids on a solo mission to northern Minnesota. My wife had stayed home to enjoy some 　 7　 time to rest. Taking care of kids alone was 　 8　 no easy task. And while we’d 　 9　 some great time on the trip, it didn’t feel too great at the moment. I was 　 10　 with something many fathers did with: a sense of 　 11　 with my kids, and a feeling I should control their 　 12　 . My son turned around to me and said, “Dad, relax! It’s OK!”I 　 13　 back at him, realizing he was right. 　 14　 , the mud could be washed off. No lives were in 　 15　 . The only 　 16　 here was my desire to control them. I wanted to thank him for his 　 17　 . It’s useful to remember that our kids are not to be controlled. They should be guided and led, but not controlled. This desire to control can lead many fathers to an emotional 　 18　 with their kids. And while many fathers are clearly 　 19　 of this problem, they convince themselves that it can’ t be helped. The truth is that it can be helped, and fathers can 　 20　 the relationship they have with their kids. 語篇解讀：作者無意中因?yàn)橐患∈聦?duì)孩子發(fā)脾氣，事后作者開始反思自己對(duì)孩子教育的方式，最后意識(shí)到對(duì)孩子的教育不是控制而是需要引導(dǎo)。 1.A. picked out B. figured out C. spilled out D. plained about 【答案】C 【解析】從下文中的angrily可知，此處指作者惱怒地脫口而出。spill out在這里表示突然說出，脫口而出。 2.A. valuable B. powerful C. unforgettable D. same 【答案】D 【解析】由空前的recreating和空后的my parents had said to me so many times in the past可知，此處表示作者發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在重復(fù)過去父母對(duì)自己說過的相同的(same)話。 3.A. alarming B. inspiring C. amusing D. interesting 【答案】A 4.A. educators B. travelers C. fathers D. drivers 【答案】C 【解析】由下文中多次出現(xiàn)的father和fathers可知，此處應(yīng)填fathers。 5.A. expressing B. enjoying C. exploring D. describing 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處表示孩子們享受(enjoying)這種感覺。 6.A. familiar B. skilled C. mature D. corrupted 【答案】C 【解析】此處表示大人由于過于成熟，沒有了童心，因此享受不到這種快樂。 7.A. relaxed B. precious C. meaningful D. remaining 【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者一個(gè)人帶著兩個(gè)孩子，妻子在家享受休息時(shí)光，故這里用relaxed最合適。 8.A. absolutely B. similarly C. additionally D. gradually 【答案】A 【解析】一個(gè)人帶孩子絕對(duì)不是件容易的事。從下文的didn’t feel too great可知，空處用來加強(qiáng)語氣，故選absolutely。 9.A. suffered B. experienced C. encountered D. counted 【答案】B 【解析】盡管我們已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了(experienced)一些美好的時(shí)光，但此時(shí)此刻作者感覺并不美好。 10.A. agreeing B. bining C. paring D. struggling 【答案】D 【解析】這里表示作者正如許多父親一樣在努力應(yīng)付一件事情。struggle在此處表示作出極大的努力。 11.A. impatience B. embarrassment C. satisfaction D. expression 【答案】A 【解析】對(duì)應(yīng)上文中的angrily及作者對(duì)孩子說的話，此處表示作者對(duì)孩子缺乏耐心(impatience)。 12.A. behavior B. direction C. routine D. emotion 【答案】A 【解析】作者覺得自己應(yīng)該控制孩子們的行為(behavior)，即約束孩子們不要在泥中玩耍。 13.A. shouted B. glared C. dashed D. looked 【答案】D 14.A. However B. Indeed C. Therefore D. Otherwise 【答案】B 【解析】根據(jù)上下文語境，此處表示作者意識(shí)到泥的確(Indeed)可以被洗掉，且在泥中玩耍并沒有生命危險(xiǎn)。 15.A. vain B. doubt C. danger D. shape 【答案】C 【解析】參見上題解析。in danger意為處于危險(xiǎn)之中。 16.A. chance B. problem C. method D. choice 【答案】B 【解析】此處表示孩子們的行為沒有問題，唯一的問題(problem)是作者想要控制孩子們的行為的這種欲望。 17.A. confidence B. response C. education D. concern 【答案】B 【解析】是孩子的回答(response)提醒了自己，因此作者很感激孩子。 18.A. association B. argument C. munication D. disconnection 【答案】D 【解析】控制孩子的欲望會(huì)導(dǎo)致父親與孩子之間的疏遠(yuǎn)。disconnection分離，疏遠(yuǎn)。 19.A. afraid B. ashamed C. aware D. careful 【答案】C 【解析】盡管許多父親清楚地意識(shí)到(aware)這一點(diǎn)，但他們卻說服自己這是沒辦法的。 20.A. build B. destroy C. change D. protect 【答案】C 四、單句改錯(cuò) 1．The boys behavior was high thought of by all the people present. ________________________________________________________ 答案：high→highly　think highly of ... “高度評(píng)價(jià)……”。 2．What can we do for them in return all the help they have given us? ________________________________________________________ 答案：return后加for　in return for ... “作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)”。 3．It is very worth making an effort to promote the public awareness of environmental protection. ________________________________________________________ 答案：very→well　be well worth doing ... “非常值得做……”。 4．The rescue workers removed the stones in search for any survivor. ________________________________________________________ 答案：for→of　in search of ... “尋找……”。 5．There is no doubt what a cleaner does is harder pared with any other job in the society. ________________________________________________________ 答案：doubt后加that　There is no doubt that ... “毫無疑問……”。 五、七選五 Traditional Chinese Culture Chinese culture is over 5，000 years old. 1.___________ The spirit of the tea ceremony Xihu Longjing （West Lake Dragon Well） and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous. 2.___________ The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirituality. These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from. A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware are the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insights into the wisdom of that ancient civilization. 3.___________ During the 5，000 years of Chinese civilization， many different flavors， styles， and cuisines（烹飪） have developed， based on traditional philosophy and culture. This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries such as Japan， Mongolia， South Korea， Thailand， and Singapore. It has benefited billions of people around the world through innovations such as Chinese vegetarian culture， tea culture， vinegar， pasta， medicinal diets， ceramic tableware， and the use of soybeans in the diet. Confucianism Confucianism emphasizes peacefulness and harmony between heaven and humanity， through pursuing the “Tao”， which is the harmonization between nature and mankind. It advocates harmony and moderation， including the harmony between individuals， as well as the harmony between a man and his inner self. Confucianism has flourished during the last 2，500 years of China’s 5，000year history. 4.___________ This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in China’s history. Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century， these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide. 5.___________ A.Chinese cuisine B.Traditional Chinese culture C.It has been the mainstay of that ancient civilization. D.They are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor. E.The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact. F.This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe， America and Oceania. G.This would provide long lasting benefits for man，helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文主要介紹了中國特色傳統(tǒng)文化。 1.E　解析：承接上文“Chinese culture is over 5，000 years old.”并與下文介紹的三個(gè)傳統(tǒng)文化的代表呼應(yīng)，此處起承上啟下的作用，導(dǎo)入本文所要介紹的主題：中國富有特色的傳統(tǒng)文化。所以選E項(xiàng)。 2.D　解析：承接上文“Xihu Longjing （West Lake Dragon Well） and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous.”，空處解釋了茶文化流行的原因，所以選D項(xiàng)。 3.A　解析：空處是本段的小標(biāo)題，由下文的“During the 5，000 years of Chinese civilization， many different flavors， styles， and cuisines（烹飪） have developed， based on traditional philosophy and culture.”可推知，本段主要講的是中國的烹飪文化，所以選A項(xiàng)。 4.C　解析：根據(jù)上文的“Confucianism has flourished during the last 2，500 years of China’s 5，000year history.”可推知，空處講的是儒家思想在中國的重要地位，故選C項(xiàng)。 5.G　解析：根據(jù)上文的“Seventyfour Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century”可知，儒家思想會(huì)給人類帶來福祉，所以選G項(xiàng)。