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七選五 議論文 精選大題 A 【2016北京】 The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work. The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from onegeneration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk. So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 5 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active. As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool. A. It all depends on your character. B. Those are the risks you should jump to take. C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. 【答案】1-5 FCAEG 【解析】本文為議論文，文章從科學(xué)上對(duì)追求冒險(xiǎn)和刺激進(jìn)行了解釋。冒險(xiǎn)行為與大腦的工作機(jī)制有關(guān)，當(dāng)大腦的快樂(lè)中樞被激活時(shí)，人們就會(huì)采取冒險(xiǎn)行為。 1.考查上下文串聯(lián)。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“然而，并不是所有人都使用同樣的考量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)權(quán)衡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和收益。”符含語(yǔ)境,故選F。 2. 考查上下文串聯(lián)?！?hunting, fighting or exploring”捕獵、戰(zhàn)斗和探索等活動(dòng)是生存的必要條件,C項(xiàng)中的“those”是對(duì)這些活動(dòng)的指代,故選C。 3. 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)“humans developed a range of character types...”可知，人們形成的不同類型的性格如今仍然存在，正是不同的性格類型才導(dǎo)致了我們對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)行為采取不同的態(tài)度，故選A。 4. 考查上下文串聯(lián)。E項(xiàng)中的“when”與“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”中的“teenage years”對(duì)應(yīng)，故選E。 5. 考查上下文串聯(lián)。根據(jù)“a part of the brain...while for the rest of us...”可知，本段講的是冒險(xiǎn)行為與大腦的關(guān)系，故選G。 B 【2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I】 Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 6 .Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore, 7. It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. l 8. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. l 9. If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated. l You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 10. Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【答案】6-10 BEACG 【解析】本文為議論文，文章主要講述了人們一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。 6. 根據(jù)前一句“trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences”信任是我們從以往經(jīng)歷中獲得的學(xué)習(xí)行為。選項(xiàng)B中的代指上文剛出現(xiàn)的“trust”。故選B。 7. 根據(jù)前句“Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore”可知他們受到嚴(yán)重的傷害因此不能忍受背叛再次發(fā)生?？芍xE。 8. 根據(jù)后句“Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.”可知此段主要講述要學(xué)會(huì)信任自己。可知選A。 9. 根據(jù)后句“If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.”可知此段主要講述不要認(rèn)為自己是受害者。故選C。 10. 根據(jù)前一句“Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life”和后一句“instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.”可知看到事情的積極面，并不意味著你就會(huì)忽視所發(fā)生的事情。故選G。 模擬精做 A 【北京東城二?！縎ound like a list of your homework for the next few nights — or maybe even just for tonight? 1. It’s your teachers’ way of evaluating how much you understand what’s going on in class.And it helps strengthen concepts. 2. It’s inviting to start with the easy things to get them out of the way. However,you’ll have the most energy and focus when you begin, so it’s best to use this mental power on the subjects that are most challenging. Later, when you’re more tired, you can focus on the simpler things. If you get stuck on a problem, try to figure it out as well as you can —but don’t spend too much time on it because this can mess up your homework schedule for the rest of the night.3. But don’t pick someone whom you’ll never get it done! Most people’s attention spans aren’t very long, so take some breaks while doing your homework.Sitting for too long without relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often.Taking a 15-minute break every hour is a good idea for most people. 4. Once your homework is done, you can check over it if you have extra time. Be sure to put it safely away in your backpack — there’s nothing worse than having a completed assignment that you can’t find the next morning or that gets ruined by a careless brother or sister. 5. Now you’re free to hang out. A. Homework is a major part of going to school. B. Luckily, you can do a few things to do less homework. C. When you start your homework, deal with the hardest tasks first. D. But if you’re really concentrating, wait until it’s a good time to stop. E. If you need to, ask an adult for help or call or email a classmate for advice. F. And no teacher still believes that “chewed by the dog” lie — even when it’s true! G. In conclusion, no one is expected to stay long, and people have very different learning styles. 【答案】1-5ACEDF 【解析】本篇文章為議論文。主要講了學(xué)生在寫家庭作業(yè)時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的幾點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。 1.本題考察的是同范疇詞?？崭窈蟆皌eacher”，“class”與選項(xiàng)A 中的“going to school”屬于同范疇詞，另外話題一致，都是homework。 2.本題考察的段首主題句。本段講的主要內(nèi)容是剛開(kāi)始寫作業(yè)，要從最難的開(kāi)始。而空格處是本段的主旨句，內(nèi)容一致，因此選C。 3.本題考察的是同范疇詞?？崭窈蟆皊omeone”與選項(xiàng)E中“anadult”屬于同范疇詞，講的尋求幫助的兩個(gè)選擇。因此選E。 4.本題考察的是轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系。空格前大意為“對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)每個(gè)小時(shí)休息十五分鐘的模式是非常好的”，空格處表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比，關(guān)鍵詞“but”，空格處大意為“但是如果你非常專注，就要找個(gè)合適的時(shí)間再休息”。因此選D。 5.本題考察的是并列關(guān)系?？崭袂按笠鉃榇_保你的作業(yè)不被破壞，而空格處與此內(nèi)容一致，老師也不會(huì)相信作業(yè)被狗吃了這種借口的。因此選F。 B 【2016海淀區(qū)高三一?？荚嚒? Do Actions Speak Louder than Words? Our society is fast paced. We are all rushing from one place to the next, blowing our horn at slow drivers who may be singing songs in the car with their children or pointing out some interesting sights. We don’t have time for that silliness today. But we try to say to ourselves that we will make time for fun tomorrow. It is time to take a few deep breaths and think about our actions and our words. 6. Have you ever really thought about the saying Actions speak louder than words? Think about it now. If you say one thing and act in an opposite way, will the words be ignored and just the actions remembered? I don’t think so. 7.______It is also equally important to use words to show appreciation, love, approval and happiness and then follow those words with a hug, pat on the back or smile. 8. What about that saying? True? Yes! Words carry a lot of weight and will be remembered for years especially when they are written down. Mean words can hurt for that moment and for a lifetime. I am sure that each of us remembers a time when a friend made an unkind comment. 9. Let’s not be a member of that “club”. When was the last time that you hid a love note in a lunch box or in your mate’s coat pocket? If you want to see a bright smile,that will do it! The power of this written note will be remembered for many days, even years. “I can live for two months on a good compliment(夸獎(jiǎng))”, said Mark Twain. Children grow stronger when they feel appreciated and understood. 10. A perfect way to turn a bad day around is to praise your child. “I noticed that your hair looked very nice today. Did you hang your coat up all by yourself?” It is amazing how those few words can change a child’s outlook …almost immediately. Don’t stop there. One of my sisters ended a phone conversation with three words— “I love you!” Boy, that put a spring in my step! Mark Twain is right. I still feel the positive effect of those three little but very powerful words. A. The pen is more powerful than the sword. B. Is it really reasonable to do something like that? C. Do they display the attitude that we want to convey? D. It is important to have your words match your actions. E. Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image. F. Those words did lasting damage to you, the relationship or both. G. Don’t be afraid to show your child with encouraging words all day long. 【答案】6-10CDAFG 【解析】本文為議論文，討論了“事實(shí)勝于雄辯”這一普遍看法的準(zhǔn)確性，引起大家的思考并從不同的角度進(jìn)行了分析。 6.本題考查的是段尾結(jié)論句。段尾，是對(duì)上句的內(nèi)容“是時(shí)候思考一下我們的行為和所說(shuō)的話”的反問(wèn)總結(jié)，總結(jié)上文的同時(shí)，引出下文。因此選C 7. 本題考查的是過(guò)渡句?？梢赃\(yùn)用并列關(guān)系，上文作者表達(dá)了一個(gè)看法“我并不認(rèn)為只有行動(dòng)才會(huì)讓人記住，而語(yǔ)言會(huì)被人忽略”，所以本空的內(nèi)容和下一句提出兩個(gè)角度來(lái)支持我的看法：即語(yǔ)言和行動(dòng)要一致和用語(yǔ)言表達(dá)贊賞、愛(ài)等情緒同時(shí)要用行動(dòng)來(lái)表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。值得注意的是，挖空內(nèi)容和下一句的句式一致（It is… 和It is also…），并有邏輯詞also。因此選D 8.本題考查的是過(guò)渡句?？梢赃\(yùn)用代詞指示。后句“What about that saying? ”中“that saying”指代上文中的諺語(yǔ)。所以選擇A 選項(xiàng)“The pen is more powerful than the sword.”，即文字比利劍更犀利。 9.本題考查的是過(guò)渡句?？梢赃\(yùn)用代詞指示。上文中提到的“unkind comment”與選項(xiàng)F 中的代詞“Those words”相對(duì)應(yīng)。 10.本題考查的是細(xì)節(jié)題?？梢赃\(yùn)用同范疇詞。前文“Children grow stronger when they feel appreciated and understood.”以及后文“A perfect way to turn a bad day around is to praise your child.”可知此處的重要線索為孩子，對(duì)孩子的表?yè)P(yáng)和鼓勵(lì)，而選項(xiàng)中的“show your child with encouraging words”屬于同范疇詞。 C 【2018?全國(guó)卷Ⅲ】Before there was the written word,there was the language of dance.Dance expresseslove and hate,joy and sorrow,life and death,and everything else in between. 11We dance from Florida to Alaska,from north to south and sea to sea.Wedance at weddings,birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time. “I adore dancing,” says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can’t imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. “Teaching dance is wonderful. 12 It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and having a social life.” 13 “I can tell you about one young couple,” says Bridges. “They’re learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 14 ” So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says, “Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better. 15 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive." A. So why do we dance? B.Dance in the U.S.is everywhere. C.If you like dancing outdoors,come to America. D.My older students say it makes them feel young. E.I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired. F.Dancing seems to change their feeling completely. G.They stayed up all night long singing and dancing. 【答案】11-15BDAFE 【解析】本文屬于議論文。作者談?wù)撐璧傅淖饔茫罕磉_(dá)愛(ài)恨、快樂(lè)與悲傷、生與死等等。 11. 根據(jù)后文“We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.”可知，這里是說(shuō)在美國(guó)到處有人跳舞，從佛羅里達(dá)到阿拉斯加，從北到南等，故選B。 12. 根據(jù)前文舞蹈課為各個(gè)年齡階段的人架起了橋梁，教跳舞是非常好的，再根據(jù)后句“it’s great to watch them”，根據(jù)人稱可知是在談?wù)撍麄?，所以D和F符合，再根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，此段主要介紹了跳舞對(duì)他們的好處，故選D。 13. 根據(jù)第四段后句，是通過(guò)舉例介紹人們跳舞的原因，故選A。 14. 根據(jù)前句“they arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile”, 所以他們的心情徹底改變，故選F。 15. 根據(jù)文章前后句可知，此處人稱為第一人稱，所以E符合語(yǔ)境，作者結(jié)合自己的跳舞經(jīng)歷介紹了跳舞給自己帶來(lái)的好處。