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閱讀理解 記敘文 精選大題 A 【2018北京卷】My First Marathon（馬拉松） A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn’t do either well. He later informed me that I was “not athletic”. The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe laces (鞋帶) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3, I passed a sign: “GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!” By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21, I was starving! As I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗標(biāo)簽), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”. 1.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor ____________. A.waswelltrained B.feltscared C.madeuphismindtorun D.losthope 2.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear? A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher. B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory. C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports. D.Toshareapreciousmemory. 3.Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon? A.Hemadeit. B.Hequithalfway. C.Hegotthefirstprize. D.Hewalkedtotheend. 4.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus? A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport. B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill. C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn. 【答案】1-4 CCAB 【解析】本文是一篇故事類記敘文。作者講述了沒有運(yùn)動天賦的他，在20多歲才開始長跑，但是在一次跑馬拉松比賽前夕踝關(guān)節(jié)受傷，可他堅(jiān)持不懈，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了自我的故事。 1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的 “Yet, I was determined to go ahead” 可知，作者在馬拉松前一個月下定決心要參加馬拉松比賽。故選C。 2. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的 “He later informed me that I was ‘not athletic’ ”可知，作者的經(jīng)歷證明他在運(yùn)動方面并非很有天賦。故選C。 3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“I was one of the final runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.”以及前文中作者行進(jìn)經(jīng)過的標(biāo)志可知，雖然作者是最后到達(dá)終點(diǎn)的一批馬拉松選手，但是他跑完了全程。故選A。 4. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Determined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels (世俗標(biāo)簽), I can now call myself a ‘marathon winner’.”可知，作者享受到了戰(zhàn)勝自我的快樂，認(rèn)為只要努力了就算是勝利者。故選B。 B 【2017浙江卷】Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush. The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged (蓬亂). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing. The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings (版畫) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit. In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape (風(fēng)景) painting. William Williams, a wellknown painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist. 5. What is the text mainly about? A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia. B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin. C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist. D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington. 6. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest? A. The cat would be closely watched. B. The cat would get some medical care. C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly. D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon. 7. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent? A. He took him to see painting exhibitions. B. He provided him with painting materials. C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia. D. He taught him how to make engravings. 8. Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to ________. A. master the use of paints B. appreciate landscape paintings C. get to know other painters D. make up his mind to be a painter 【答案】5-8 CDBD 【解析】本文是一篇人物介紹類的記敘文。主要講述了美國繪畫之父本杰明韋斯特小時候繪畫天賦的培養(yǎng)和他在6至9歲時受到的藝術(shù)啟蒙教育。 5. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句“Benjamin West…showed his talent for art when…”，以及下文第四段首句提到的“In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old…”和最后一段內(nèi)容及最后一句“…boy decided then that he would be an artist.”，并結(jié)合全文可知，文章主要講述了Benjamin West (本杰明韋斯特)少年時代的藝術(shù)啟蒙，特別是6至9歲階段，所以C項(xiàng)能概括全文大意。 6. 詞義猜測題。該句需要結(jié)合上下文來理解。根據(jù)上文第二段提到本杰明剪貓的毛來制作畫筆，導(dǎo)致貓的“毀毛破相”，而第三段提到本杰明的堂兄Pennington給他送來了很多畫畫的顏料和畫筆。由此我們可以推斷，該下劃線句子內(nèi)容說明“貓的命運(yùn)不久將得到改善”。故這句話隱含著“本杰明將很快不再需要用貓的毛制作畫筆了，他將得到很多真正的畫筆”的意思，答案選D項(xiàng)。 7. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段首句“In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”可知，為了更好地培養(yǎng)本杰明的畫畫天賦，堂兄Pennington給了他很多幫助，提供了創(chuàng)作用的材料等，故選B。 8. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段本杰明說的話，以及 “While it is likely that he understood... The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，著名畫家William給予的兩本關(guān)于繪畫的著作啟迪了本杰明幼小的心靈，幫助他打開了通往偉大藝術(shù)的殿堂之門，使他立志成為藝術(shù)家，所以答案選D項(xiàng)。 模擬精做 A 【江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校2019屆高三第一次聯(lián)考】On a flight from Dallas, Texas, to Cincinnati, Ohio, to visit a friend in 2008, event planner Paige Chenault daydreamed about the grand birthday parties she’d throw for her daughter one day. (Paige was five months pregnant at the time.) Then, flipping through a magazine, she saw a photo of an impoverished Haitian boy, skinny. “I thought, this kid has nothing,” Paige says. The image stayed with her, and she resolved to do something to help. “I decided I would use my talents to throw birthday parties for homeless kids,” Paige says. For the next four years, Paige and her husband, Colin, took time out from parenthood to visit shelters to determine how best to pull off the parties. Finally, in January 2012, Paige launched the Birthday Party Project, a nonprofit organization, and recruited friends and family to help decorate Dallas’s 75-occupant Family Gateway Shelter with balloons and streamers, celebrating the birthdays of 11 boys and girls, with 60 more homeless kids in attendance. “That first party was better than I could have ever imagined,” says Paige. Now Paige and her staff of three paid employees work with regional volunteers to plan monthly themed parties at 15 shelters across the country, some of which house abused or abandoned kids. Each child celebrating a birthday that month gets a $30 gift, a decorative place mat, and an individual cake or cupcake. One of Paige’s favorite parts of each party is when the kids make a wish and blow out the candles. “They rarely get a chance to dream big,” says Paige. Her daughter, Lizzie, now seven, often helps out at the parties. Paige says, “The one thing I’ve always wanted is for my kid to be generous.” 1. What was it that made Paige want to help the homeless children? A. A flight from Dallas to Ohio. B. Her daughter’s birthday. C. The photo of a Haitian boy. D. Her talent for throwing parties. 2. What does the underlined word “impoverished” mean? A. adorable B. poor C. talented D. dead 3. What can be learnt from the passage? A. A total of 75 full-time workers are employed by Paige at present. B. After unsuccessful attempts, Paige finally threw a wonderful party for the homeless kids. C. Kids can spend $30 to celebrate their birthday. D. Paige commits herself to the cause of helping the homeless kids. 4. What kind of person do you think Paige is? A. Caring and sensitive. B. Competent and loyal. C. Kind and perseverant. D. Responsible and disciplined. 【答案】1-4 CBDC 【解析】本文為記敘文。2008年，在從得克薩斯州達(dá)拉斯飛往俄亥俄州辛辛那提看望朋友的航班上，活動策劃人佩吉切諾特夢想著有一天能為女兒舉辦盛大的生日派對。（佩吉當(dāng)時懷孕五個月）然后，她翻閱一本雜志，看到了一張照片，照片上是一個貧窮的海地男孩，瘦骨嶙峋。于是就開始了幫助那些孩子們的行動。 1. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“The image stayed with her, and she resolved to do something to help.”（這個照片里的形象一直在她心里，她決定做點(diǎn)什么來幫助她）可知，雜志上那個瘦骨嶙峋的海地男孩讓佩吉決定幫助那些無家可歸的孩子們。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 2. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞句中的skinny（瘦骨嶙峋）及下文“I thought, this kid has nothing”（我想，這個男孩一無所有）可知，此處意為“一個貧窮的海地男孩”。A. adorable“可愛的，可敬重的”；B. poor“貧窮的，可憐的”；C. talented“有才能的”；D. dead“無生命的”。故B選項(xiàng)正確。 3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“I decided I would use my talents to throw birthday parties for homeless kids”（我決定利用我的才能為無家可歸的孩子舉辦生日派對）以及接下來四個月她和丈夫所做的努力，后期所組織的生日派對可知，佩吉一直致力于幫助無家可歸的孩子們。故D選項(xiàng)正確。 4. 推理判斷題。佩吉一直致力于幫助無家可歸的孩子們，由此可知，她是一個善良而又鍥而不舍的人。故C選項(xiàng)正確。 B 【河南省天一大聯(lián)考“頂尖計劃”2019屆高三第二次考試（2月）】I got on the bus, dirty and tired after work. It was a sunny day but most of mine had been spent in a dimly-lit warehouse. Needless to say, I left that place every day looking like I worked in a coal mine. However, even with my addiction to alcohol at that time, I still felt a bit proud of myself. I had held this temporary job for 3 months, which was extremely rare. As I took my seat on the bus going home, I decided that the unpleasant thoughts of my real life would not ruin my spirit today. I lifted my head and smiled at the two elderly ladies sitting across from me and they smiled back and nodded. I sat back in my seat, fantasizing about a better and new life but was rudely interrupted by our new passenger. She was about thirty but her hair was messy and most of her front teeth were missing. She got on and aggressively pushed her way into a front seat. Then she told the driver that she had no money and looked angrily at whoever dared to look her way. All I could feel for this woman was sympathy. Just then, she turned her threatening gaze (凝視）towards me and yelled, “Why you so dirty man?” I smiled and said, “I just came from work.” She then asked loudly if I worked in hell and burst into laughter...so I laughed too — with her, and told her that was funny. Then I asked her her name as I explained my situation. Her name was Karen. In front of all of us, the miracle and power of kindness showed its beauty. This woman transformed. Her language, behavior and even voice changed when I spoke to her as a friend. As Karen and I became instant friends, everyone had been watching our interchange. After saying goodbye to each other, I turned and got what my aimless life had needed all along: affirmation. The two old women were holding each other with tears of joy in their eyes and other passengers also gave me thumbs-up signs. 5. Why did the author feel a bit proud after work? A. He was a coal miner. B. He had got rid of the addiction. C. He had worked 3 months. D. He was content with his life. 6. Why did the author greet the two elderly ladies? A. To get acknowledged. B. To offer necessary help. C. To keep his spirit active. D. To interrupt their conversation. 7. What does the underlined word “affirmation” in the last paragraph probably mean? A. Approval. B.Caution. C. Friendship. D.Tolerance. 8. What would be the best title for the text? A. Do good deeds and win praises. B. Never look down upon anybody. C. Change a person with your heart. D. Show sympathy instead of rudeness. 【答案】5-6 CCAC 【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者勞累一天后坐公交回家時，一位蓬頭垢面的女士上車了，舉止粗魯，質(zhì)問和嘲笑作者，而作者卻不生氣，反倒對這位女士有同情心，以平等的朋友關(guān)系來對待這位女士。這位女士被感動了，舉止和說話都變禮貌了。車上的其他乘客對作者的表現(xiàn)大加贊揚(yáng)。 5. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知，作者當(dāng)時還有酒癮，能罕見地把臨時工作干了3個月，這讓作者有一點(diǎn)自豪。故選C。 6. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“I decided that the unpleasant thoughts of my real life would not ruin my spirit today”可知，作者決定不能讓自己現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中不開心的事情影響自己的內(nèi)心世界，要保持積極的心態(tài)。故選C。 7. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)作者前面的敘述可知，作者正處于人生低谷，需要的是別人的肯定。而最后一段中的最后一句也表明作者轉(zhuǎn)身后看到了其他乘客的贊許。由此推斷畫線單詞意為“肯定，贊同”。故選A。 8. 主旨大意題。文章主要敘述了作者用同情心，積極向上、平等待人的心態(tài)感化了一位生活艱苦而又舉止相魯?shù)呐?。故選C。 C 【2019屆高三第一次全國大聯(lián)考（新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷）】Millions of Americans are abandoning the Thanksgiving dinner tableto head to the mall. While in years past, shoppers had to line up before dawn on Black Friday to get easy access toholiday deals, anumber of retailers (銷售商) are now keeping their doors open before the dishes have been cleared from the holiday feast. And many are more than willing to skipfootball to shop untilthey drop.Walmart, Amazonand J.C. Penney are among the retailerswho began rolling out deals days or even weeks earlier in the race to win shoppers. Outside Lord & Taylor on Manhattan’s Fifth Avenue, Janna Holly, 21, outlined her battle plan. “We normally wait until Black Friday to shop for the Christmas gifts. This year, I plan on going to Macy’s, Forever 21 and Sephora,” said the college student fromAustin, Texas.“My holiday budget should not be that much, because I have to pay for tuition, but I’ll probably do a lot of shopping anyway.” MarlinaKozdra of West Orange, N.J., came to New York City to watch the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade with her family, but then went hunting fordeals. “Shopping on Thanksgiving is fine as long as you get to do it with your family,” the 34-year-old stay-at-home mom said. Though the Best Buy in Midtown Manhattan had barricades (路障) outside for the expected crowds of holiday shoppers, only Dag Estrada was waiting there at 1 p.m. on Thanksgiving. He said he’d camped out overnight to buy a television. The store opened at 5 p.m. “I do this every year. It’s a tradition,” he said, explaining that his shopping list sometimes includes tabletsand computers, too. “It makes me feel like a New Yorker.” Estrada said he starts planning where toshop threeweeks in advanceby researching sales in newspapers and looking online. Then, hebargain-hunts alone. “No love, no cat, no dog, just you and deals,”he said. 9. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean? A. Shoppers shouldn’t give up their dessert. B. The sports trade is very popular on holiday. C. Many Americans rush to the shopping center to buy football. D. Many retailers compete to get their share of the holiday business. 10. What may Janna Holly concern most when searching for the gift? A. Its variety. B. Its price. C. Its origin. D. Its quality. 11. Why did MarlinaKozdra come to New York City? A. To look for a job. B. To go shopping with her friends. C. To celebrate the holiday with her family. D. To have a free taste of the Thanksgiving dessert. 12. What is a New Yorker like according to Dag Estrada? A. He replaces the household items regularly. B. He would like to go camping during holidays. C. He hunts for bargains at a yard sale. D. He is a discount seeker during holiday shopping season. 【答案】9-12 DBCD 【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。周末感恩節(jié)正式拉開了假日購物季的序幕，不同的人有著不同的購物計劃和購物習(xí)慣。 9. 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前文“a number of retailers (銷售商) are now keeping their doors open before the dishes have been cleared from the holiday feast.”許多零售商在節(jié)日大餐上的菜肴吃完之前就開門了，可知許多零售商都想把顧客吸引到自己的店鋪中來，分得一份假日購物的蛋糕。故選D。 10. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)“My holiday budget should not be that much, because I have to pay for tuition, but I’ll probably do a lot of shopping anyway.” （我的假期預(yù)算沒有那么多，因?yàn)槲乙秾W(xué)費(fèi)，但我還是很可能會買很多東西）可推斷出，Janna Holly購物時最關(guān)心的可能是價格。故選B。 11. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MarlinaKozira of West Orange N.J. came to New York City to watch the Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade with her family”可知，MarlinaKozdra來紐約是為了與家人歡度假期。故選C。 12. 推理判斷題。根據(jù) “ ‘I do this every year. It’s a tradition,’ he said... ‘It makes me feel like a New Yorker’ ”可知，他每年都這么做，這讓他覺得自己像個紐約人，并且后文中提到他會做一些購物攻略，比較哪里的商品便宜，可推斷出，他認(rèn)為紐約人喜歡在假日購物季里尋找、購買心儀的折扣商品。故選D。 D 【2019屆高三第一次全國大聯(lián)考（江蘇卷）】 Larry Ellison came from the slums to co-found Oracle. Larry Ellison was born on the Lower East Side of New York during World War II, back when that district was still poor and filled with immigrants striving to survive. At an early age, Ellison caught pneumonia（肺炎）and was sent to the South Side of Chicago to live with relatives. Despite these obstacles, he was able to educate himself and join Software Development Laboratories, in 1977. This was an important move, because in 1982 the company became Oracle. This is a company that brings in $38 billion every single year, and along the way, Ellison — who stepped down（辭職）as CEO in 2014 — managed to accumulate over $46.2 billion in net worth（凈值）. ZdenekBakala flees Communist Czechoslovakia with $50. ZdenekBakala happens to be one of the leading coal entrepreneurs in the United States. Originally from Czechoslovakia, he fled that country when he was just 19. He arrived in Lake Tahoe with just $50 in his pocket. Once there, he got a job washing dishes at Harrah’s casino. Fast-forward a few years: Bakala attended the famous University of California-Berkeley and acquired his undergraduate degree. That higher education gained him entry into the banking world. And returning to his homeland, in 1994 he opened the Credit Suisse office in Prague. Due to his enormous wealth, Bakala has managed to acquire huge shares in both coal and iron ore, which he still holds to this day. Do Won Chang worked three jobs to survive. Do Won Chang is the famous face behind Forever 21, who immigrated to the United States from South Korea, in 1981. Before he founded Forever 21, he worked three jobs simultaneously（同時地）, as a gas station clerk, a janitor（守衛(wèi)）and a coffee shop employee. That period lasted for three years before he founded the company and opened its first clothing store, in 1984. This family business grew quickly by taking advantage of the benefits of “fast fashion”. Forever 21 is now multi-national and has 480 locations across the world. It has also managed to bring in $3 billion per year. And the next generation has been taken into the company, as Chang has brought his two daughters on board. 13. What can we learn about Larry Ellison? A. He was born into a wealthy family. B. He was well educated and capable. C. He has become a billionaire nowadays. D. He is still in charge of the company Oracle. 14.Which played the most important role in ZdenekBakala’s success? A. His family background. B. The education he received. C. His friends selfless help. D. The huge share he holds. 15. What do the three persons have in common? A. They all changed from rags to riches. B. They are all immigrants to the US. C. They all managed to graduate from college. D. They all worked three jobs to survive. 【答案】13-15 CBA 【解析】本文為故事類記敘文。講述了三位窮人變?yōu)楦晃痰墓适隆? 13. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的 “who stepped down (辭職) as CEO in2014 — managed to accumulate over $46.2 billion in net worth.”可知選C。 14. 推理判斷題。由“That higher education gained him entry into the banking world. And returning to his homeland, in 1994 he opened the Credit Suisse office in Prague.”可知他所受的教育發(fā)揮了最重要的作用。故選B。 15. 推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，這三個人的共同點(diǎn)是，他們剛開始都是窮人，后來通過自己的努力，變成了富人。故選A。