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Body language ***閱讀理解。 Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kind, a team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that have the most severe impact on health: PM2.5. Particulate matter, or PM, is a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers, about 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system(呼吸系統(tǒng)), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation(炎癥) and stress. The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small. For this study, 10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo(安慰劑) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1，000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygentype” face mask. The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a B vitamin supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of vitamin B6, and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liver, chicken and nuts, and B12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals. The researchers found that four weeks of B vitamin supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%－76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。吸入人體內(nèi)的PM2.5(細(xì)顆粒物)會(huì)導(dǎo)致疾病。不過(guò)，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)維生素B在一定程度上能降低PM2.5的危害。 1．Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health? A．It pollutes and poisons the air. B．It is too much to be got rid of. C．It carries viruses and diseases. D．It is easily breathed in and damages our body. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“These particles are so small...inflammation(炎癥)and stress.”可知，PM2.5(細(xì)顆粒物)很小，能進(jìn)入我們的呼吸系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)致肺部和全身炎癥。 2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3? A．The process of the research was not scientific. B．This kind of research has been done many times. C．Further studies are needed to confirm their findings. D．Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people’s daily life. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.”可知，該項(xiàng)研究處于初級(jí)階段且樣本規(guī)模小，因此還需要更多的研究來(lái)證明研究團(tuán)隊(duì)的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 3．What is the text mainly about? A．International researchers have a new finding. B．Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5. C．Particulate matter does great harm to our health. D．Emission control and regulation are badly needed. B　解析：主旨大意題。文章第一段和第二段談到PM2.5的定義以及PM2.5的危害；第三到五段告訴我們維生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。所以B項(xiàng)最能概括文章主旨。 4．The new study was probably published ___________ ． A．in a science journal B．on a government website C．in a fashion magazine D．in a medical textbook A　解析：推理判斷題。該文的內(nèi)容為科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，很可能出自科學(xué)期刊。所以A項(xiàng)正確。 ***語(yǔ)法填空。 After spending nearly every waking minute with Angel for eight straight days, I knew that I had to tell her just one thing. So late at night, just before she fell asleep, I whispered __1__ in her ear. She smiled—the kind of smile __2__ made me smile back—and she said, “When Im seventyfive and I think about my life and __3__ it was like to be young,I hope that I can remember this very moment.” A few seconds later she closed her eyes and fell asleep. The room was __4__ (peace)—almost silent.All I could hear was the soft voice of her breathing. I stayed awake __5__ (think) about the time we __6__ (spend) together and all the choices in our lives that made this moment possible. And at some point, I realized that it didnt matter what wed done or where wed gone. Nor __7__ the future hold any significance. What mattered was the calmness of the moment. The moral：We must not allow the clock, the calendar, and external pressure __8__ (rule) our lives and blind us to the fact __9__ each individual moment of our lives is a beautiful mystery and a miracle—__10__ (especial)those moments we spend in the presence of a loved one. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過(guò)描述一個(gè)讓人暖心的夜晚，告訴讀者一個(gè)生活和人生哲理：眼下寧?kù)o溫馨的時(shí)光尤為珍貴，不應(yīng)被世俗破壞。 1．it　考查代詞。根據(jù)前句中的“I knew that I had to tell her just one thing”可知，空處應(yīng)填it指代one thing。 2．that/which　考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且關(guān)系詞指代先行詞the kind of smile，故填that/which。 3．what　考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。根據(jù)and前的“I think about my life”可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中l(wèi)ike缺少賓語(yǔ)，且連接詞在句中表示“什么樣子”，此處應(yīng)填what。 4．peaceful　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：房間里很寧?kù)o。此處應(yīng)用形容詞peaceful作was的表語(yǔ)。 5．thinking　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。 6．had spent　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，spend所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在stayed awake之前，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，故填had spent。 7．did　考查部分倒裝。否定副詞nor位于句首時(shí)，句子常用部分倒裝，由hold與前一句中的realized可知，應(yīng)填did。 8．to rule　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。allow sb./sth. to do sth. 為固定用法。 9．that　考查同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并由the fact可知，此處應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明the fact的具體內(nèi)容。 10．especially　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示“尤其是與心愛(ài)的人一起度過(guò)的美好時(shí)光”，結(jié)合句意可知，空處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填especially。 ***完形填空。 A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations.Inspiring speakers 1 thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12 2 ride. I had 3 into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client.Time was precious and my 4 included a quick round－trip from and back to the airport.A 5 taxi pulled up.The driver rushed to 6 the passenger door for me and made sure I was 7 seated before he closed the door.As he got in the driver’s seat，he 8 that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use.He then showed me several 9 and asked me what type of music I would enjoy. I could not believe the 10 I was receiving！I took the opportunity to say，“ 11 you take great pride in your work.You must have a 12 to share.” “You bet，”he 13 ，“I used to be in Corporate America.But I was tired of thinking my best would never be good enough.I 14 to find my right position in life，where I could feel 15 of being the best.I love driving cars，and feeling like I have done a full day’s work and done it 16 ．So I chose to bee a 17 ．One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers. 18 ，to be great in my business，I have to go 19 the customer’s expectations！” The taxi driver taught me a great life 20 ：Go an extra mile when providing any service to others. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要講述了一名出租車(chē)司機(jī)給作者上了一堂關(guān)于如何達(dá)到客戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意和期望的課。 1．A.offer　　　　　　　　　 B．charge C．pay　　　 D．a(chǎn)fford B　解析：根據(jù)空后的“thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12”可知，勵(lì)志演講家的培訓(xùn)是要收費(fèi)的。charge表示“收費(fèi)”，符合語(yǔ)境。 2．A.taxi B．bus C．car D．train A　解析：根據(jù)文章第一句可知，出租車(chē)司機(jī)收作者12美元。 3．A.driven B．flown C．ran D．cycled B　解析：根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，作者當(dāng)時(shí)是乘飛機(jī)去的。 4．A.hope B．purpose C．plan D．choice C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，時(shí)間很珍貴，作者的計(jì)劃中包括往返機(jī)場(chǎng)的旅程。 5．A.private B．rough C．slow D．clean D　解析：根據(jù)下文的“the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use”可推知，出租車(chē)很干凈。 6．A.open B．lock C．push D．shut A　解析：結(jié)合“the passenger door for me”可推知，司機(jī)趕快跑過(guò)來(lái)給作者開(kāi)車(chē)門(mén)。 7．A.silently B．fortably C．tightly D．casually B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，該司機(jī)注重乘客的滿(mǎn)意度，所以他一定確保作者乘坐舒適。 8．A.declared B．concluded C．found D．mentioned D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，司機(jī)向乘客提醒有雜志可看。mention“提到”。 9．A.pictures B．maps C．tapes D．books C　解析：根據(jù)空后的“asked me what type of music I would enjoy”可推知，司機(jī)給作者拿出幾盤(pán)音樂(lè)磁帶讓他選擇。 10．A.service B．gift C．invitation D．a(chǎn)dvice A　解析：根據(jù)空后的“I was receiving”可推知，作者對(duì)出租車(chē)司機(jī)提供的服務(wù)非常吃驚，不敢相信。receive the service“接受服務(wù)”。 11．A.Actually B．Obviously C．Gradually D．Suddenly B　解析：由空后的“You must have a to share.”以及語(yǔ)境可推知，顯而易見(jiàn)，作者認(rèn)為出租車(chē)司機(jī)為自己的工作自豪。 12．A.chance B．secret C．story D．ride C　解析：根據(jù)空后的“to share”以及語(yǔ)境可推知，此處表示有故事分享。 13．A.whispered B．a(chǎn)rgued C．sighed D．replied D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，司機(jī)回應(yīng)了作者的推斷。 14．A.decided B．promised C．happened D．hesitated A　解析：根據(jù)空前的“I was tired of thinking”可推知，司機(jī)決定行動(dòng)起來(lái)，找到生活中合適的位置。 15．A.careful B．proud C．a(chǎn)fraid D．curious B　解析：根據(jù)第三段第二句的“you take great pride in your work”可推知，司機(jī)想做到最好并為自己的工作自豪。 16．A.early B．rapidly C．cautiously D．well D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可推知，司機(jī)想把工作做好。 17．A.driver B．director C．client D．speaker A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，他決定轉(zhuǎn)行當(dāng)一名司機(jī)。 18．A.Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Perhaps C　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，上下文表示邏輯上的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However“然而”。 19．A.against B．within C．over D．beyond D　解析：根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，要想做到最好，就要多為客戶(hù)考慮，超出客戶(hù)的期望。beyond“超出”。 20．A.method B．experience C．lesson D．standard C　解析：根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭可知，此處表示司機(jī)給作者上了生動(dòng)的一課。 ***短文改錯(cuò)。 As a student, I can tell you that there is something better than praised by my teacher before my classmates. The other day, I was praised by my head teacher at the class meeting because I have recited all the words of Unit 3. He said before the whole class that only if we put our hearts into our lessons could we make great progress. He also said I set the good example to all of my classmates and that I memorized all the words of Unit 3 as though I was not good at English. He also added that everyone should learn from me. Hearing that the head teacher said, I was more than glad and my heart beat wildly. At the same time, I made up my mind to study hard rather than wasting precious time on those useless things, such as playing video games and chatting online. On my own experience, I learn that several words of praise can make a great difference to someone. 答案： As a student, I can tell you that there is better than praised by my teacher before my classmates. The other day, I was praised by my head teacher at the class meeting because I recited all the words of Unit 3. He said before the whole class that only if we put our into our lessons could we make great progress. He also said I set good example to all of my classmates and that I memorized all the words of Unit 3 though I was not good at English. He also added that everyone should learn from me. Hearing the head teacher said, I was more than glad and my heart beat wildly. At the same time, I made up my mind to study rather than precious time on those useless things, such as playing video games and chatting online. my own experience, I learn that several words of praise can make a great difference to someone. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第一處：something→nothing　考查否定詞與比較級(jí)的連用。否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義。用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的否定詞有no, not, never, nothing等。此處用There is nothing better than ... 表示“沒(méi)有什么比……更好/最好的莫過(guò)于”。 第二處：than后加being　考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。than前后所跟成分為并列關(guān)系，其后的動(dòng)作表示“被表?yè)P(yáng)”，且是一般性客觀(guān)事實(shí)，故用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式。 第七處：that→what　考查名詞性從句的連接詞。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作said的賓語(yǔ)，表示“所……的事物”，應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。 ***