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題組提分練14 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 限時35分鐘　 加黑體小題訓練推斷判斷題之寫作意圖題 閱讀理解A　(原創(chuàng))　體裁：說明文　話題：世界與環(huán)境　難度：★★★☆☆ Scientists recently announced the discovery of a small, birdlike dinosaur from China which had unusual, colorful feathers. The scientists named the colorful dinosaur Caihong, which lived 161 million years ago during the Jurassic Period of earths history, the Mandarin word for rainbow. They discovered the nearly plete and almost entirely undamaged fossil in Hebei Province.(第一段中的關鍵詞discovery是答題線索) (第一句說明羽毛的形狀和顏色)Microscopic structuresin the fossil suggest that the creature had wide, shinyfeathers, mostly covering the dinosaurs head and upperbody, while much of its body had dark feathers. Chad Eliason is an evolutionary biologist with the Field Museum in Chicago, Illinois. He helped write the study announcing the discovery in the scientific publication Nature munications. Eliason told the Reuters news service that the discovery “suggests a more colorful Jurassic World than we previously imagined.” The scientists used powerful microscopes to identify the remains of the cell structures responsible for the apparent color of the feathers. The shape of those structures appears to have influenced what color the feathers would have. Roundshaped structures in the Caihong fossil show that it had feathers similar to that of a modernday hummingbird. The dinosaur had many birdlike qualities. But researchers doubt if it could actually fly. Its feathers could have served the purpose of gaining the attention of sexual partners while also providing protection from heat and cold. Caihong was twolegged and had a long, narrow head with sharp teeth. It had boney crests above its eyes, and it hunted other smaller animals for food. Scientists say many dinosaurs had feathers. Birds evolved from small feathered dinosaurs near the end of the Jurassic Period. Caihong had two kinds of feathers, and was the earliestknown creature with feathers that did not have the same shape on both sides. This is a physical 　　　　　 　 quality that modern birds have and use to direct themselves while flying. The unevenly shaped feathers on Caihong were on its tail. This suggests that tail feathers, not arm feathers, were first used to improve movement through the air in flying dinosaurs, scientists said. 【語篇解讀】　文章介紹了彩色恐龍“彩虹”化石的發(fā)現(xiàn)及科學家們對其羽毛的研究。 1．The purpose of the passage is to ________. A. encourage further research B. introduce a latest discovery C. describe a unique animal D. provide some evidence 答案與解析　B　寫作意圖題。文章介紹彩色恐龍“彩虹”化石的發(fā)現(xiàn)及科學家們對其羽毛的研究，故文章的目的是介紹一個最新的發(fā)現(xiàn)。 2．The colorful feathers of the dinosaur ________. A. had different shapes B. helped it hunt animals C. could help it fly in the sky D. covered much of its body 答案與解析　A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對恐龍“彩虹”羽毛的介紹可知他的彩色羽毛覆蓋了頭部和上身，而身體大部分是暗色羽毛。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“did not have the same shape on both sides”可知，羽毛的形狀不同，故A項正確。 3．What is the attitude of Chad Eliason to the discovery? A. Indifferent. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D. Positive. 答案與解析　D　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段中的“suggests a more colorful Jurassic World than we previously imagined”可知，他對這個發(fā)現(xiàn)所持的態(tài)度是積極肯定的。 閱讀理解B　(原創(chuàng))　體裁：說明文　話題：社會　難度：★★☆☆☆ The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Winter Solstice (冬至), the 22nd solar term of the year, begins this year on Dec. 22 and ends on Jan. 5. On the first day of Winter Solstice, the Northern Hemisphere experiences the shortest day and the longest night in the year, as the sun shines directly at the Tropic of Capricorn. From then on, the days bee longer and the nights bee shorter. The Winter Solstice also marks the arrival of the coldest season in the year. There was a saying that went in ancient China, “The Winter Solstice is as significant as the Spring Festival.” As early as the Zhou Dynasty (c.11th century—256BC), people celebrated the first day of the Winter Solstice, which was also the first day of the new year. The Winter Solstice became a winter festival during the Han Dynasty (206BC—220AD). The celebratory activities were officially organized. On this day, both officials and ordinary people would have a rest. During subsequent (隨后的) dynasties, such as the Tang (618-907), Song (960-1279) and Qing dynasties (1644-1911), the Winter Solstice was a day to offer sacrifices to Heaven and to ancestors. During Winter Solstice in North China, eating dumplings is essential to the festival. There is a saying that goes “Have dumplings on the first day of Winter Solstice and noodles on the first day of Summer Solstice.” People in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, are accustomed to eating wontons (餛飩) in midwinter. According to a legend, during the midwinter feast 2,500 years ago, the King of Wu was tired of all costly foods and wanted to eat something different. Then, the beauty Xishi made “wontons” for the king. He ate a lot and liked the food very much. In memory of Xishi, the people of Suzhou made wontons the official food to celebrate the festival. During the Winter Solstice, Hangzhou residents traditionally eat rice cakes. In places such as Shanghai, people eat tangyuan, a kind of stuffed small dumpling ball made of glutinous rice flour to celebrate Winter Solstice. 【語篇解讀】　早在周朝(公元前11世紀—公元前256年)的時候，人們會在冬至第一天祭神，當時冬至也是新年的第一天。在漢朝(公元前206年—公元220年)的時候冬至成了一個冬節(jié)。冬至的第一天，北方人吃餃子，蘇州人吃餛飩，上海人吃湯圓而杭州人吃年糕。 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. The first day of the Winter Solstice is also the first day of the new year. B. The Winter Solstice became a winter festival during the Tang Dynasty. C. The Winter Solstice marks the ing of the coldest season in the year. D. The Winter Solstice is the last solar term of the year. 答案與解析　C　正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話“冬至也標志著一年當中最冷季節(jié)的到來?！笨芍x項C正確。 5．Which of the food is eaten on the first day of the Winter Solstice in memory of Xishi? A. Dumplings. B. Rice cakes. C. Tangyuan. D. Wontons. 答案與解析　D　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知蘇州人在冬至的第一天吃餛飩是為了紀念西施，故選項D正確。 6．The passage is written to ________. A. show how to celebrate the Winter Solstice B. explain the meaning of the Winter Solstice C. introduce something about the Winter Solstice D. share his opinions about the Winter Solstice 答案與解析　C　寫作意圖題。文章介紹了冬至的慶?；顒雍腿藗冊诙恋牡谝惶焖缘膫鹘y(tǒng)食物，故文章目的在于介紹與冬至有關的事情，故選項C正確。 詞匯微存　①in memory of紀念； ②significant adj.重要的 閱讀理解C　(2018邢臺質(zhì)檢)　體裁：夾敘夾議文　話題：社會　難度：★★★☆☆ Not long ago, I tried convincing my three daughters that the worlds secrets are hidden inside silence. The girls looked at me skeptically. Surely silence is nothing? Sitting there at the dinner table, I suddenly remembered their curiosity as children, their wondering about what might be hidden behind a door and their amazement as they stared at a light switch and asked me to “open the light” . But now they are 13, 16 and 19 and wonder less and less. If they still wonder at anything，they quickly pull out their smart phones to find the answer. None of them have any interest in discussing with me. To attract their attention, I told them about two friends of mine who had decided to climb Mount Qomolangma. Early one morning they left base camp to climb the southwest wall of the mountain. It was going well. Both reached the summit, but then came the storm. They soon realized they would not make it down alive. The first got hold of his pregnant wife by satellite phone. Together they decided on the name of the child that she was carrying. Then he quietly passed away just below the summit. My other friend was not able to contact anyone before he died. No one knows exactly what happened on the mountain in those hours. Thanks to the dry, cool climate 8km above sea level, they have both been freezedried. They lie there in silence, looking no different. The girls remained quiet, listening. It seemed as though they had got something. It is easy to assume that the essence (本質(zhì)) of technology is technology itself, but that is wrong. The essence is the time we spend with our family and how much freedom we have by technology.(點明科技的本質(zhì)，第8和第11題答題線索) 【語篇解讀】　科技帶給我們的是什么？作者通過講述自己和女兒的故事說明科技的本質(zhì)是我們和家人共度的時光和自由。 7．Whats the real purpose of the author telling the story? A. To entertain the girls. B. To attract the girls attention to technology. C. To encourage the girls to explore the worlds secret. D. To share a viewpoint about the essence of technology. 答案與解析　D　寫作意圖題。文章第一段提出科學的本質(zhì)問題，最后一段說明科技的本質(zhì)所在，故作者是通過一個故事表達自己對科技的看法。故選項D正確。 8．Why are the girls unwilling to discuss problems with the author when they are puzzled? A. Because they dont want to solve them. B. Because they can turn to the smart phone. C. Because they feel ashamed for their problems. D. Because they think it difficult to talk with others. 答案與解析　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第三和第四句可知孩子不愿意和作者討論的原因是他們可以求助手機查詢他們不理解的事情。 9．How would the author think of the oute of the storytelling? A. Its effective. B. Its unacceptable. C. Its embarrassing. D. Its discouraging. 答案與解析　A　觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第二句話“女孩們好像明白了什么”可知作者的故事是有效的，故選項A正確。 10．What does technology really bring us according to the text? A. The answers to the puzzling problems. B. The time with our family and freedom. C. The information of learning the outside world. D. The choice of municating with our friends. 答案與解析　B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句可知科技的本質(zhì)是給我們帶來和家人在一起的時間和自由，故選項B正確。 閱讀技巧7　文體類別判意圖——寫作意圖類 看文體類別：故事類(to tell a story/to share a(n) ... experience/to amuse/entertain readers)。廣告類(to sell a product/to attract visitors/to persuade readers/to promote ...)。說明文(to introduce/to inform readers)。議論文(to argue)。新聞類(to inform/to report ...)。 看寫作手法：在文章開頭提出問題或介紹與主題有關的其他事物：to bring in/to introduce the topic。舉例或引用某人的話：to support/to show ...。 閱讀七選五　(2018內(nèi)江模擬)　體裁：說明文　話題：日?；顒印‰y度：★★★★☆ Tiny Tomatoes Tomatoes e in a variety of sizes, shapes and colors. And the little tomatoes are some of the most fun to grow and are perhaps the most rewarding. Plum, cherry and other small tomato types are fun to grow because they always produce abundant crops of flavorful fruit. They are fun to snack on while working in the garden or while daydreaming about working in the garden. __3__ They are typically sweeter than large tomatoes, and little tomatoes contain less juice and fewer seeds than large tomatoes. To grow little tomatoes, select a site that receives at least six to eight hours of full sun per day. Use a large container set in a sunny spot if a sunny planting site is otherwise unavailable. __4__ You could also plant seeds, but alreadystarted plants will provide fruit much more quickly. Water infrequently to help plants grow deep roots before the heat of summer arrives. Harvest fruits when they are ripe. They will generally slip from the plant at this point. __5__ Store harvested fruit indoors and unrefrigerated as cool temperatures change the flavor. A. The best time to grow tomato plants is March. B. All of them are delicious and nearly of the same size. C. But at the same time they should still feel firm in your hand. D. The classifications most monly refer to differences in size. E. Small tomatoes are also good additions to salads and cooked dishes. F. Flavor and skin thickness are also influenced by growing conditions. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 G. Select plants from your favourite local garden center, farmers market etc. 答案與解析　 【語篇解讀】　本文介紹了小西紅柿的4個品種以及如何種植小西紅柿。 1．D　空前一句說明小西紅柿的四個種類， 空后一句說明四個種類的西紅柿的大小，故選項D“這個分類主要指的是大小”符合語境。 2．F　空前一句說明小西紅柿的顏色、味道和皮的厚度的區(qū)別與品種有關，故選項F“種植條件也影響味道和皮的厚度”符合語境。 3．E　空前一句說明小西紅柿是休閑的小零食，故設空處應繼續(xù)說明小西紅柿的食用價值，故選項E符合語境。 4．G　空后一句說明種西紅柿選擇種子或西紅柿苗的問題，故選項G“在你喜歡的菜園或農(nóng)貿(mào)市場挑選植物”符合語境。 5．C　該段第二句說明小西紅柿成熟的條件“從枝頭掉下”，故設空應說明“小西紅柿摸起來還是硬的”，故選項C符合語境。 詞匯微存?、賏bundant adj.豐富的；②rewarding adj.有意義的