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Unit 2 Robots ***閱讀理解。 Bike Share Toronto is the city’s official bike share program，designed to give locals and visitors a fun, affordable and convenient alternative to walking, taxis, buses and the subway. There are 200 Bike Share Toronto stations and 2，000 bikes across the city, making Bike Share the most accessible way to get around and explore. How it works Bee an Annual Member or buy a Day Pass to access the system. Find an available bike nearby，and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it. Take as many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active. Return your bike to any station，and wait for the green light on the dock(停靠點) to make sure it’s locked. Choose a plan For visitors Day Pass：$7. Unlimited 30minute rides in a 24hour period. 3Day Pass：$15. Unlimited 30minute rides in a 72hour period. For locals Monthly Pass：$25. Unlimited 30minute rides for a month. Annual Membership：$90. Unlimited 30minute rides for a whole year. The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders. The first 30 minutes of each ride is included with the membership or pass price. Avoid extra fees by dropping off your bike every 30 minutes at any other station. If you keep a bike out for longer than 30 minutes at a time，you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over，$4 for the next 30 minutes，and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that. Contact us Customer Service：(855)8982378 Repair Service：(855)8982388 Corporation Partners：(855)8982398 Employment Opportunities：(855)8982498 【解題導語】　本篇文章是一篇說明文，介紹了加拿大城市多倫多實行共享單車的一些情況：單車怎么運行、怎么收費和聯系方式。 1．How much will the extra fee be if you travel for two hours by bike? A．$5.50.　　　　　　　 B．$9.50. C．$12.50. D．$15.50. C　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據Choose a plan部分中的“If you keep a bike out for longer than 30 minutes at a time，you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over，$4 for the next 30 minutes，and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.”可以列出算式1.50＋4＋7＝12.50(美元)。 2．For more information about working at Bike Share Toronto，contact it at ___________ ． A．(855)8982378 B．(855)8982388 C．(855)8982398 D．(855)8982498 D　解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據文章最后一部分提供的四個電話聯系方式：Customer Service(顧客服務電話)，Repair Service(修車服務電話)，Corporation Partners(公司合作服務電話)，Employment Opportunities(就業(yè)服務電話)可知，與題干的關鍵詞working對應的只有Employment Opportunities，故選D項。 3．Which of the following statement is TRUE? A．A member can get a code or a key to the bike. B．Bike Share Toronto is a nonprofit organization. C．Shared bikes have taken the place of other vehicles. D．The green light on the dock shows the bike is unlocked. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據How it works部分中的“Find an available bike... unlock it.”可知，A選項是正確的。 ***語法填空。 Residents of a town in Japan have broken the world record for building snowmen. Around 630 citizens at the Iiyama Snow Festival __1__ (make) 1,585 snowmen in one hour. The __2__ (early) record was 1,279 snowmen, __3__ was set in 2011. The event coincided with the opening of __4__ new bullet train station. Justin Patterson, the judge from the Guinness World Records organization, said the event was a wonderful occasion. He said __5__ the town was being buried in snow, the residents dealt with the challenge together in a positive light. There were strict rules for the record __6__ (break). One was that each snowman had to be over 80 cm tall. They __7__ be made of three separate snowballs, with eyes, a nose and arms. People used only their hands to make __8__ . mittee member Jiro Kobayashi told the Asahi Shimbun newspaper that the event suited the opening of the bullet train station. He said that thanks to the __9__ (cooperate) of many people, the record was broken. He said the event added __10__ the celebrations of the opening of the bullet train station. However, many people said that it was a tough thing to do because the snow didnt stick together. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　 5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　 9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導讀：本文為一篇說明文。在日本的一個小鎮(zhèn)，人們在一個小時內堆了1585個雪人，打破了先前創(chuàng)造的一個小時內堆1279個雪人的紀錄。 1．made 考查動詞的時態(tài)。堆雪人是過去發(fā)生的事，所以用一般過去時。 2．earlier 考查形容詞的比較級。此處指一個小時內堆1,279個雪人是早前的紀錄，和1,585的記錄進行比較，故空格處用比較級。 3．which 考查定語從句的引導詞。先行詞為record，指物，故用which引導非限制性定語從句。 4．a 考查冠詞。此處表泛指，故用不定冠詞a。 5．although/though 考查連詞。根據語境可知，空格處應用連詞although/though引導讓步狀語從句，指“雖然小鎮(zhèn)被雪覆蓋，但居民們還是情緒高漲，共同迎接挑戰(zhàn)”。 6．to be broken 考查非謂語動詞。根據語境可知，此處說的是“將被打破的紀錄”，故用不定式表示將來發(fā)生的動作，又因邏輯主語record是不定式動作的承受者，所以用不定式的被動式。 7．must/should 考查情態(tài)動詞。此處指“雪人必須/應該由三個獨立的雪球組成”，故用must/should。 8．them 考查代詞。此處指代人們堆的雪人，且作make的賓語，故用them。 9．cooperation 考查詞性轉換。此處指“幸好有許多人的合作”，且空處位于定冠詞之后，故用名詞形式cooperation。 10．to 考查介詞。add to為固定用法，意為“增加；增添”。 ***完形填空。 Do you see the glass as half-full rather than half-empty? Such clichs(陳詞濫調)are 1 questions, as researchers examine with great care the power of positive thinking. Research is proving that optimism can 2 you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, 3 , to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to 4 , loneliness and painful shyness. If we could teach people to think more positively, it would be like protecting them against these 5 illnesses. Your abilities count but the belief that you can succeed 6 the result. When things go wrong the pessimist tends to 7 himself. “I’m not good at this,” he says. “I always fail.” But the optimist looks for other 8 . Negative or positive, you are what you think. If people feel hopeless they don’t 9 to acquire the skills they need to succeed. A sense of control is the real test for 10 . The optimist feels in control of his own life. If things are going badly, he 11 quickly, looking for solutions, forming a new plan of action, and 12 for advice. The pessimist feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly. He doesn’t seek advice, since he 13 nothing can be done. Many studies suggest that the pessimist’s feeling of helplessness 14 the body’s immune system. The pessimist doesn’t take good care of himself. Feeling passive and unable to avoid life’s 15 , he expects ill health and other misfortunes, no matter what he does. He eats junk food, avoids exercise, and 16 the doctor. Most people are a(n) 17 of optimism and pessimism, but are in favor of one direction or the other. It is a pattern of 18 learned at our mothers’ knees. It grows out of thousands of cautions or 19 , negative statements or positive ones. Pessimism is a hard habit to 20 but it can be done. So, if you are a pessimist, there are ways.... 語篇解讀：做一個樂觀的人如果改變你的思想，從悲觀到樂觀，你可以改變你的生命。 1.A. specific B. scientific C. physical D. universal 【答案】B 【解析】根據下文出現的“researchers, research”等字眼，可以推斷“這個問題”與科學(scientific)有關。 2. A. help B. force C. forbid D. train 【答案】A 【解析】根據下文出現的“to be happier, healthier and more successful”等積極字眼，可以推斷“樂觀可以幫助(幫助)你變得更快樂，更健康，更成功”。 3.A. for instance B. at best C. after all D. by contrast 【答案】D 【解析】by contrast對比起來，相比之下。與上文的“樂觀”進行比較。 4.A. patience B. carelessness C. passion D. depression 【答案】D 【解析】與下文“l(fā)oneliness and painful shyness孤獨以及痛苦的害羞”能夠并列的應該是“depression抑郁”。 研究表明，樂觀可以幫助你變得更快樂，更健康，更成功。比較而言，悲觀導致沒有希望、疾病和失敗，并且和抑郁、孤獨以及痛苦的害羞有聯系。 5.A. severe B. mental C. terminal D. normal 【答案】B 6.A. challenges B. contradicts C. affects D. abuses 【答案】C 【解析】根據下文的敘述可以知道“你的習慣很重要，但是你能成功的信念也會影響(affects)結果。” 7.A. correct B. fort C. balance D. blame 【答案】D 【解析】根據下文：“I’m not good at this,” he says. “I always fail.”(“我這方面不行。”“我總是失敗?！彼麜@么說)可以知道這里是指“責備自己”。 8.A. excuses B. opportunities C. explanations D. advantages 【答案】C 【解析】上文說“當事情出了問題的時候，悲觀者往往會責備自己”，那么“樂觀者”會怎么做呢？他或她應該是尋找其他的原因即：解釋(explanations)。 9.A. bother B. agree C. argue D. hesitate 【答案】A 【解析】bother to do sth.費心做某事。如果人們覺得無望，他們是不會費勁地去獲取成功所需的技能的。 本段譯文：你的習慣很重要，但是你能成功的信念也會影響結果。當事情出了問題的時候，悲觀者往往會責備自己。“我這方面不行?！薄拔铱偸鞘?。”他會這么說。但是樂觀者會尋找其他的解釋。消極還是積極，你想的是什么你就是什么。如果人們覺得無望，他們是不會費勁地去獲取成功所需的技能的。 10.A. ambition B. success C. conscience D. wisdom 【答案】B 【解析】這是本段的主題句。下文所說的都是“成功(success)與否”的因素。 11.A. runs B. acts C. quits D. turns 【答案】B 【解析】下文中的“action”提示答案。如果事情正變得糟糕，他會迅速行動。 12.A. turning up B. making up C. looking out D. reaching out 【答案】D 13.A. suspects B. denies C. assumes D. pretends 【答案】C 【解析】這里是指“悲觀者”的思想認識。assume假定，認為。因為他認為無計可施，所以才“不尋求他人建議”。 14.A. weakens B. restores C. improves D. defends 【答案】A 【解析】“悲觀者的無助的感覺”顯然對“人體的免疫系統”沒有好處，也就是說“削弱(weaken)了人體免疫系統的功能”。 15.A. aims B. gifts C. blesses D. blows 【答案】D 【解析】下文所說的都與“blows打擊”有關。 16.A. consults B. ignores C. misunderstand D. follows 【答案】B 【解析】跟上文“吃垃圾食品，不做體育鍛煉”相起并論的應該是“忽視(ignores)醫(yī)生的建議”。 本段譯文：控制感是對成功的真正的考驗。樂觀者覺得能控制自己的生活。如果事情正變得糟糕，他會迅速行動，尋求解決措施，形成一個新的行動計劃，并且向別人尋求建議。而悲觀主義者會覺得命運弄人，不能迅速行動。他不尋求他人建議，因為他認為無計可施。許多研究表明，悲觀者的無助的感覺會削弱人體的免疫系統的功能。悲觀者不能好好照顧自己。悲觀者表現被動，感覺無法躲避生活的打擊，不論做什么對未來都有疾病和不行發(fā)生這樣的預期。他們通常總吃垃圾食品，不做體育鍛煉，對醫(yī)生的建議置之不理。 17.A. result B. option C. mix D. image 【答案】C 【解析】大部分人都是樂觀和悲觀的混合體(mix)。 18.A. thinking B. behavior C. expression D. plaining 【答案】A 【解析】“樂觀和悲觀”都與人的“思維/思考(thinking)”有關。 19.A. pressures B. favours C. criticisms D. encouragements 【答案】D 20.A. develop B. assess C. break D. understand 【答案】C 【解析】break a habit打破一個習慣。 本段譯文：大部分人都是樂觀和悲觀的混合體，但是會傾向于一個或另一個方向。它是一種在我們孩提時代就習得的思考模式。它是從數千次的警告或鼓勵、消極話語或積極話語中成長起來的。太多的“不要”和危險的警告可能會使一個孩子覺得無能、恐懼和悲觀。悲觀是一種難以打破的習慣，但是這是可以做到的。以，如果你是悲觀主義者，有……的方法。 ***短文改錯。 Nowadays, food waste is being seriously in China. To show their hospitality in interpersonal munication, some customers ordered far more than what is enough, cause much food to be untouched and thrown away. What is even more unbearable lie in the fact what banquets at public expenses cost the reputation of our government as well as a huge amount of money. The money could have actually been spent helping those which are in need. Consequently, such waste really makes people be disappointed and depressed. To our delighted, as a nationwide campaign against waste at the dining table has launched, “Clear the Plates” is gaining more acceptance and support. Therefore, the nations “Clear the Plates” is most likely to bee the mainstream idea of hospitality through everyone efforts. 答案： Nowadays, food waste is being in China. To show their hospitality in interpersonal munication, some customers far more than what is enough, much food to be untouched and thrown away. What is even more unbearable in the fact banquets at public expenses cost the reputation of our government as well as a huge amount of money. The money could have actually been spent helping those are in need. Consequently, such waste really makes people disappointed and depressed. To our ， as a nationwide campaign against waste at the dining table has launched, “Clear the Plates” is gaining more acceptance and support. Therefore, the nations “Clear the Plates” is most likely to bee the mainstream idea of hospitality through efforts. 難項分析： 第三處：cause→causing 考查非謂語動詞。此處用現在分詞短語作結果狀語。 第七處：去掉disappointed前的be 考查make的復合結構。“make＋賓語＋賓補”中，賓補可以是動詞原形、形容詞、副詞、過去分詞等。disappointed和depressed是過去分詞轉化來的形容詞，所以be是多余的。 第九處：在has后加been 考查動詞的語態(tài)。launch a campaign “發(fā)起運動”，campaign與launch之間是被動關系，所以要用現在完成時的被動語態(tài)。 ***