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Unit 5 First Aid 一、閱讀理解。 A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children. Although rather shocking, it should not surprise anyone who has seen the doggy parlours(客廳) where loved pets rest. Are Americans unique in treating their little friends in this way? No, the English, too, pay more attention to their pets. This can clearly be seen when we look at pet foods，which often contain more vitamins than human food. They certainly cost much. Last year the British public spent two hundred million pounds on pet food alone, to say nothing of veterinary bills or animal furniture. It is difficult not to feel angry about this when considering what the same amount could do for victims of starvation and poverty, so it’s not unusual for me to get hot under collar when I read an old man left all his money to his dog instead of his children. There are a variety of reasons why I find pets-raising alarming. They cause physical problems. An example of this is New York where they have great difficulty getting rid of the mess that dogs leave on the streets. Many people find this funny, but in a number of large cities it is a major problem. Animals can cause disease, too. It is the threat of babies — a disease with no known cure. Another problem is the carelessness of pet owners. Most little children want a dog or a cat，and they continually push their mothers and fathers until they get one. It is only when the ＂sweet little thing＂ has been brought home that the parents realize how much time and money must be spent on ＂Rover＂ or ＂Bonzo＂. Then they just abandon it. As a result, they are allowed to run free. English farmers lose hundreds of sheep a year, killed by someone’s pet and you must have read of children being hurt by some pets of their own. Lastly, I would only suggest that we have got our priorities wrong and that something should be done about it. In my view, it’s time we stopped being sentimental about pets. I can see no reason why we should get upset when animals are cut up for medical experiments. This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases, then I say,＂keep cutting!＂ 1. The doggy parlours are mentioned in the 1st paragraph to show ________. A. what costly lives the pets are living B. where Americans keep their pets C. why children love their pets so much D. how much pets depend on their masters 2. In the second paragraph ＂to get hot under the collar＂ probably means ________. A. getting quite hot B. being excited C. feeling extremely angry D. receiving a fashionable shirt 3. According to the author, in which field can animals be most useful? A. Food. B. Sports. C. Entertainment. D. Medicine. 4. What is the author’s attitude towards pets-raising? A. Sympathetic. B. Opposed. C. Pitiful. D. Supportive. 【文章大意】這是一篇議論文。作者通過介紹飼養(yǎng)寵物存在的種種問題(譬如飼養(yǎng)成本昂貴、寵物致人受傷、傳染疾病等)，表達了自己反對飼養(yǎng)寵物，而是應(yīng)當將寵物用于貢獻人類醫(yī)學實驗的觀點。 1. A　【解析】推理判斷題。＂the doggy parlours＂所在的句子就是為了進一步闡釋第一句＂A recent survey in the United States showed that the average family spent more money on its pets than on its children.＂，即如今人們在飼養(yǎng)寵物上花銷巨大的現(xiàn)狀。故答案為A。 3. D　【解析】推理判斷題。從本文的最后兩句＂I can see no reason why we should get upset...This will lead us to discovering cures for serious human diseases...＂可知作者認為寵物在人類醫(yī)學領(lǐng)域可以起著有益的作用。因此答案為D。 4. B　【解析】觀點態(tài)度題。文章前面介紹了成本昂貴、傳染疾病等飼養(yǎng)寵物的危害，后面又提到應(yīng)把寵物用于貢獻人類醫(yī)學領(lǐng)域中去，故而可以看出作者對于飼養(yǎng)寵物的做法持反對態(tài)度。因此答案為B。 二、單句語法填空 1．It is vital that these forms ________ (send) back as early as possible. 答案：(should) be sent　It is vital that ... “……是十分重要的”。其中that從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略。 2．________ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully. 答案：With　with the aid/help of ... “在……的幫助下”。 3．Youd better put things back ________ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them. 答案：in　in place “在適當?shù)奈恢谩薄? 4．We ________ (watch) TV when there was a power failure. 答案：were watching　be doing ... when ... “正在做……這時……”，再由“there was ...”可知應(yīng)用過去進行時，故填were watching。 5．The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output. 答案：applied　從句為狀語從句的省略形式。The new technology與apply之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過去分詞作狀語。 6．Men and women should ________ (treat) equally in education and employment. 答案：be treated　treat和Men and women在邏輯上存在動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。 7．His head had struck the wall and ________ (bleed)． 答案：was bleeding　此處表示頭部正在流血，前一分句用了過去完成時，故此處應(yīng)用過去進行時，表示過去某時正在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。 8．Everyone arrived late at the party for ________ (variety) reasons. 答案：various　修飾名詞reasons應(yīng)用形容詞，表示“各種各樣的”，故填various。 9．Television violence ________ (poison) the minds of young people. 答案：is poisoning　表示現(xiàn)階段正在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時。 10．Dozens of people got ________ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire. 答案：injured　get injured “受傷”。 三、完形填空。 閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可能填入空白處的最佳選項。 An 18yearold student at Stanford University was struggling to pay his fees.Not knowing where to turn for money，he came up with a bright __1__.He and a friend decided to host a musical concert on campus to __2__ money for their education. They__3__ out to the great pianist Ignacy J．Paderewski.His manager__4__ a guaranteed fee of$2,000 for the piano recital(獨奏會)．A deal was__5__ and the boys began to work to make the concert a __6__. The big day arrived.But __7__ ，they had not managed to sell enough tickets.The total __8__ was only $1,600.Disappointed，they went to Paderewski and explained their plight(困境)．They gave him the entire $1,600，plus a __9__ for the balance$400.They promised to honor the check at the __10__ possible.Paderewski tore up the check，__11__ the$1,600 and told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees.The boys were__12__ ，and thanked him heartedly. It was a small act of __13__.But it clearly marked out Paderewski __14__ a great human being. __15__ should he help two people he did not even know? We all __16__ situations like these in our lives.And__17__ of us only think“If I help them，what will happen to me？”The truly __18__ people think，“If I dont help them，what will happen to them？”They dont do it __19__ something in return.They do it __20__ they feel its the right thing to do. 1．A.time　　　　　　B．task C．idea D．decision 2．A.receive B．raise C．borrow D．donate 3．A.reached B．turned C．pointed D．called 4．A.increased B．covered C．considered D．demanded 5．A.rejected B．struck C．canceled D．a(chǎn)ttracted 6．A.success B．career C．background D．performance 7．A.uncertainly B．unbelievably C．unfortunately D．undoubtedly 8．A.cost B．bill C．collection D．a(chǎn)llowance 9．A.benefit B．profit C．charge D．check 10．A.soonest B．latest C．longest D．farthest 11．A.took B．counted C．deposited D．returned 12．A.pleased B．surprised C．frightened D．interested 13．A.devotion B．kindness C．sympathy D．teamwork 14．A.like B．for C．a(chǎn)s D．to 15．A.How B．Where C．When D．Why 16．A.e across B．deal with C．a(chǎn)dapt to D．think of 17．A.both B．few C．none D．most 18．A.able B．rich C．great D．famous 19．A.taking B．expecting C．offering D．preparing 20．A.because B．though C．before D．so 【解題導(dǎo)語】兩個大學生本想通過組織一場音樂會賺取學費，可是音樂會并不成功，但善良的受邀鋼琴家的大方舉動卻給他們解了圍。 1．C　根據(jù)設(shè)空后的He and a friend decided to host a musical concert...可知，他和朋友決定舉辦一場音樂會以籌集學費，這是他的想法(idea)。故選C項。 2．B　根據(jù)上文中的Not knowing where to turn for money可知，由于學費不夠，他和朋友決定舉辦音樂會來籌集學費。receive意為“收到”；raise意為“籌集”；borrow意為“借”；donate意為“捐獻”。故選B項。 3．A　reach out to意為“表示對……感興趣；表示愿意提供援助”；turn out意為“證明是；結(jié)果是”；point out意為“指出”；call out意為“大聲呼叫；呼喊”。根據(jù)第二段可知，他們開音樂會要邀請著名的鋼琴家，說明他們對這位鋼琴家有興趣。故選A項。 測訓(xùn)診斷：本題考生易誤選B項。考生易把turn to“求助于”和turn out to“證明是；結(jié)果是”以及reach out to“表示對……感興趣”混淆。 4．D　根據(jù)設(shè)空后的a guaranteed fee可知，鋼琴家的經(jīng)紀人要求(demanded)他們付2,000美元的保證金。故選D項。increase意為“增加”；cover意為“覆蓋；遮蔽；包括；報道”；consider意為“考慮；細想；認為”。 5．B　根據(jù)設(shè)空后的began to work可知，他們之間達成了協(xié)議。strike a deal意為“達成協(xié)議”；reject意為“拒絕”；cancel意為“取消”；attract意為“吸引”。故選B項。 6．A　他們達成了協(xié)議，并且為了音樂會的成功舉辦，他們開始積極籌備。故選A項。success意為“成功的事”，career意為“職業(yè)；事業(yè)”；background意為“背景；出身”；performance意為“表演；演出；表現(xiàn)”。 7．C　根據(jù)前文可知他們達成了協(xié)議，再根據(jù)設(shè)空后的had not managed to sell enough tickets可知，他們并沒有賣出足夠的票，這對他們來說是不幸的。故選C項。 8．C　根據(jù)設(shè)空后的$1,600以及下文的$400可知，此處指他們總的籌款為1,600美元。cost意為“花費；成本；代價”；bill意為“賬單”；collection意為“籌集的錢；收藏品”；allowance意為“津貼；補貼”。 9．D　根據(jù)下文的They promised to honor the check at the ________ possible.可知，因為他們并沒有籌到足夠的錢，所以又寫了400美元的支票作為欠款。故選D項。 10．A　他們承諾盡快(soonest)承兌支票，故選A項。 11．D　根據(jù)空前的Paderewski tore up the check及空后的told the two boys to keep the money they needed for the fees可知，鋼琴家撕毀了支票，并且還把1,600美元還給了(returned)他們讓他們當做學費。故選D項。 12．B　根據(jù)上文可知，他們本來是承諾了要給鋼琴家2,000美元，但卻沒有籌夠錢，而鋼琴家又把錢還給了他們，因此，他們非常驚訝(surprised)而且非常感激。故選B項。pleased意為“高興的；快樂的；滿意的”；frightened意為“害怕的”；interested意為“感興趣的”。 13．B　根據(jù)上文可知，鋼琴家沒有要保證金，而且把錢給了兩個大學生充當學費，因此這是一個善舉。devotion意為“獻身；貢獻”；kindness意為“善良”；sympathy意為“同情”；teamwork意為“團隊合作”。故選B項。 14．C　鋼琴家的善舉使得他更顯人的偉大之處。mark...out as意為“使……看上去脫穎而出成為……”，符合語境。故選C項。 15．D　根據(jù)下文可知，每個人都遇到過幫與不幫別人的問題，由此可推測，本句應(yīng)是探討幫助別人的原因。故選D項。 16．A　根據(jù)下文And ________ of us only think“If I help them, what will happen to me？”可知，我們都曾遇到過類似的情況。e across意為“偶遇；邂逅”，符合語境。故選A項。deal with意為“處理；處置”；adapt to意為“適應(yīng)”；think of意為“想起；想到”。 17．D　根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)指我們大多數(shù)，故選D項。 18．C　根據(jù)上句可知，大多數(shù)人是在想幫助別人對自己的影響，而偉大的人卻想如果不幫助別人對他人有什么影響。great意為“偉大的”，符合語境。故選C項。 19．B　根據(jù)上文的“If I dont help them, what will happen to them？”可知，他們是在考慮別人，不求(expecting)回報。故選B項。 20．A　根據(jù)最后一段可知，偉大的人不求回報地去幫助別人，他們之所以這么做，是因為他們感覺這是正確的事情。因此，設(shè)空處表原因，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故選A項。 四、單句改錯 1．I dont know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen. ______________________________________________________ 答案：the→a　此處表述“大量的問題出現(xiàn)了”。the number of ... “……的數(shù)量”；a number of “許多；大量的”，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 2．Dont take anything away. Father likes everything to be in the place. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉the　in place “在適當?shù)奈恢谩薄? 3．We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us. ______________________________________________________ 答案：make后加a　make a difference “有影響；起作用”。 4．He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day. ______________________________________________________ 答案：第一個for→to　apply to sb. for ... “向某人申請……”。 5．There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all. ______________________________________________________ 答案：whether→that　There is no doubt that ... “毫無疑問……”。 五、短文改錯 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 (2018陜西省部分學校第一學期摸底檢測) As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find it addicted to their phones，pletely ignore others. This is really a mon phenomenon in our life.The reason is because smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games but keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too many exposure to phones is bad for people in term of health.Moreover，people who were engaged in phones fail to municate well those around them. As far as Im concerned，people should wise make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition to，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones. 【答案】 As is often the case，when people are attending meetings, having meals or waiting for buses，you can always find addicted to their phones，pletely others. This is really a mon phenomenon in our life.The reason is smartphones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.However，too exposure to phones is bad for people in of health.Moreover，people who engaged in phones fail to municate well those around them. As far as Im concerned，people should make use of their phones to help with their work and study.In addition ，they should care more about their family members and friends rather than smartphones. 第一處：it改為them?？疾榇~。此處表示你總是能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們沉溺于手機。故將it改 為them。 第二處：ignore改為ignoring?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，ignore與其邏輯主語people之間是主謂關(guān)系，故將ignore改為ignoring。 第三處：because改為that。考查表語從句。The reason is that...是固定句型，意為“原因是……”，that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中不做成分。 第四處：but改為and?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該處前后是并列關(guān)系，說明手機的功能，故將but改為and。 第五處：many改為much。考查限定詞。exposure是不可數(shù)名詞，故將many改為much。 第六處：term改為terms?？疾楣潭ù钆?。in terms of...為固定搭配，意為“就……而言”。 第七處：were改為are?？疾闀r態(tài)。此處描述的是客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，故將were改為are。 第八處：those前加with。考查介詞。固定搭配municate with sb.意為“和某人交流”，故在those前加with。 第九處：wise改為wisely?？疾楦痹~。此處應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞短語make use of，故將wise改為wisely。 第十處：刪除addition后的to?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示“除此之外，此外”，應(yīng)用in addition來表示；in addition to是介詞短語，后跟名詞、代詞、動詞ing形式作賓語，不能單獨使用。