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選修八 Unit 2 The universal language 檢測評價A卷 Ⅰ.單項填空 1．(2019南通、泰州模擬)I doubt if I will e to listen to his speech next time.It couldnt have been ________ in fact. A．a(chǎn)ny worse B．so bad C．a(chǎn)ny better D．so good 解析：選A　“否定詞＋比較級”表示最高級意義。根據(jù)前一句內(nèi)容可推知“他的演講再糟糕不過了”。故A項正確。 2．(2019蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)模擬)Statistics show that in the first quarter of the year the divorce rate is 14.6 percent.This means about 5,166 families in China ________ every day. A．break down B．break away C．break out D．break up 解析：選D　根據(jù)上句推斷空處應(yīng)該是指“家庭的破裂”。break up“結(jié)束，破碎，終止”，符合句意。break down“出故障，身體垮了”； break away“拆除”； break out“(戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難的)爆發(fā)”。 3．(2019常州考前信息卷)There is only one more day to go ________ your favorite music group play live. A．since B．until C．when D．before 解析：選D　考查連詞。句意：還有一天你最喜歡的樂隊將會現(xiàn)場演奏。“There is＋時間＋before ...”為固定句式，意為“還有多長時間某事就會發(fā)生”。 4．The puter program of the 1950s was unable to ________ between letters and numbers. A．discriminate B．conclude C．negotiate D．pensate 解析：選A　句意：20世紀(jì)50年代的電腦無法區(qū)分字母和數(shù)字。discriminate“歧視，區(qū)別，辨別”，符合句意。conclude“推斷，決定，作結(jié)論”；negotiate“談判，商議”；pensate“補(bǔ)償，賠償”。 5．—Sharon，why is the man so upset now! —His wallet, mobile phone and ID card ________， the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station. A．was stolen B．stolen C．being stolen D．having stolen 解析：選B　答句句意：他的錢包、手機(jī)、身份證被偷了，警察正在調(diào)查并會把他送到社會救助站。句中are investigating and will send為謂語，故此處選非謂語動詞；非謂語動詞steal與邏輯主語wallet, mobile phone and ID card 之間為被動關(guān)系。故選B。 6．The factory is staying open all weekend to try to meet the customers ________ for this product. A．principle B．standard C．pressure D．demand 解析：選D　考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這家工廠周末都在開工，以滿足顧客對該產(chǎn)品的需求。meet ones demand for sth.表示“滿足某人對某物的需求”，因此選D。 7．Asked about house prices, 74.4 percent of people think them unacceptably high, but they are optimistic about the ________ the new measures will bring about. A．decline B．format C．increase D．tendency 解析：選A　decline“下降，降低”，此處指“房價的下降”，句中表示“人們對新措施會帶來房價的下降充滿了樂觀”。 8．The government needs to ________ the interests of different groups of people to avoid conflicts and see to it that people live safe and happy lives. A．seek B．balance C．identify D．bine 解析：選B　句意：政府需要平衡不同群體的利益以避免沖突，確保人們過上安定幸福的生活。balance“使平衡”，符合句意。seek“尋求”；identify“確定，識別”；bine“使聯(lián)合，使結(jié)合”。 9．His injuries were severe. Five minutes late, ________ he would have died. A．but B．or C．so D．a(chǎn)nd 解析：選D　句意：他的傷很嚴(yán)重，如果再晚五分鐘，他就會死掉。“祈使句＋and/or＋簡單句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的祈使句表示條件，簡單句表示結(jié)果。此處祈使句被名詞短語five minutes late替代。根據(jù)句意可知用and。 10．Some of the tourists were ________ on a deserted island because of a heavy storm a month ago. A．cast away B．cast down C．thrown off D．thrown out 解析：選A　句意：一個月前，由于一場暴風(fēng)雨，一些游客被遺棄在了荒島上。cast away “拋棄；使漂流”，常用于被動語態(tài)。cast down“丟下；使沮喪”； throw off“擺脫”； throw out“扔掉”。 11．(2019揚州模擬)Little Jim ________ to my home after he broke my mobile phone by accident. A．dared not to e B．dared not ing C．dared not e D．didnt dare ing 解析：選C　句意：在偶然摔壞了我的手機(jī)后，小吉姆就不敢來我家了。dare用作情態(tài)動詞時，后接動詞原形，主要用于疑問句、否定句及條件句中，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化；dare用作實義動詞時，有人稱和數(shù)的變化，常用搭配dare to do sth.“敢于做某事”，否定句中to常省略。故選C。 12．Li Mingyang, who________as the main center on the Chinese Womens Basketball Team for two years, is now a member of a Japanese basketball club, which is considered shameful by many Chinese. A．has served B．had served C．served D．was serving 解析：選C　句意：李明陽，擔(dān)任了兩年的中國女子籃球隊的主力中鋒，現(xiàn)在是日本的一個籃球俱樂部的成員，這被很多中國人認(rèn)為是可恥的。此處是定語從句的謂語動詞，說的是過去的事情，所以要用一般過去時，故選C。 13．(2018常熟質(zhì)檢)There are certain historic occasions________ are likely to remind people of what happened in the past and set people reflecting on them. A．when B．that C．where D．what 解析：選B　句意：有些歷史性的場合很可能提醒人們過去發(fā)生的事情，并引起人們對它們的反思?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是occasions(場合)，是指事物，從句中缺少主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that；而when和where是關(guān)系副詞，what不引導(dǎo)定語從句，故選B。 14．(2018蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)模擬)Nowadays mobile Internet devices are pushing up demands for online education, which makes people see it as one of the most ________ new market. A．demanding B．confidential C．promising D．controversial 解析：選C　句意：如今，移動互聯(lián)網(wǎng)設(shè)備正促進(jìn)著網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育的需求，人們視之為最有前途的新興市場之一。demanding“要求高的”；confidential“機(jī)密的”；promising“有希望的，有前途的”；controversial“有爭議的”。由句意可知選C。 15．—Do you like your present job? —________ Actually I am considering looking for a new one. A．Not exactly. B．How e? C．Not really. D．What if? 解析：選C　 答話人準(zhǔn)備換工作，說明他不太喜歡自己現(xiàn)在的工作，故用Not really，表示否定，意為“不怎么喜歡”。A項表示“不完全如此”；B項表示“怎么回事”；D項表示“如果……將會怎么樣”。 Ⅱ.完形填空 I spent 15 years trying to make it in the music industry. As a teenager, Id work any odd job to __1__ time in a recording studio. I knocked on managers doors and sent out demo (樣本唱片) after demo, but I got nowhere. In 2007, I __2__ a song called This Is My Dream. It was a song about never giving up. I just __3__ all of my frustrations at the keyboard. Over the next five years, the music __4__ never materialized and I nearly stopped. Then, in 2012, I __5__ the song to a musicsharing website. I didnt think anything more would e of it, but just wanted someone to __6__ my music. Later that year, I received an email __7__ from Universal Music in Hong Kong, requesting a(n) __8__ for the song. I negotiated a contract for ＄5, 000 for the use of the song and __9__ straight away. My first record deal had appeared out of nowhere. I was pretty excited. The song was a(n) __10__ and I was contacted by HKTV who invited me to go to Hong Kong to __11__. When it was my time to go on the stage, there were huge cheers and all I could see was a sea of lights. I was __12__ in the moment. Its only when I __13__ the footage (錄像) that I realize what was going on around me. It was the __14__ I had been waiting for my entire life. After ing off stage, I had photographers and journalists __15__ to interview me and hundreds of people __16__ to have their photograph taken with me. The next morning, I found out my song had gone to number one in the iTunes chart in Hong Kong, __17__ Lady Gaga. Life can __18__ you. I had knocked on doors for years, yet my moment came when the opportunity called me. It has reinspired my __19__ for music. Hopefully the ball will keep rolling. After all those odd jobs and weekends spent in recording studios, this has made it all __20__. 語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了在經(jīng)歷了一系列失敗之后，作者的音樂之路最終獲得了成功。 1．A.allocate B．a(chǎn)fford C．save D．kill 解析：選B　句意：十幾歲的時候，我為了負(fù)擔(dān)得起在錄音棚的時間，什么零工都做過。afford意為“負(fù)擔(dān)得起”。 2．A.copied B．found C．wrote D．heard 解析：選C　根據(jù)下文發(fā)展可知，這首歌是作者自己的創(chuàng)作，write意為“寫作，創(chuàng)作”。 3．A.let out B．took in C．got over D．held back 解析：選A　由上文可知作者的樣本唱片沒有被接受，因此此處指作者在琴鍵上宣泄所有的沮喪之情，let out意為“釋放”。 4．A.appreciation B．concept C．career D．interest 解析：選C　句意：在接下來的五年里，我的音樂事業(yè)沒有任何起色，我?guī)缀跻艞壛恕areer意為“事業(yè)”。 5．A.uploaded B．lost C．sold D．a(chǎn)bandoned 解析：選A　由空后的“website”可知，此處指上傳(uploaded)到網(wǎng)站上。 6．A.promote B．notice C．study D．exploit 解析：選B　句意：我沒有奢望會有什么結(jié)果，只是希望有人能注意到我的音樂。notice意為“注意”。 7．A.unconsciously B．immediately C．naturally D．unexpectedly 解析：選D　由上文可知，作者已經(jīng)不抱希望，故收到來自香港環(huán)球音樂的電子郵件時，應(yīng)是很意外，故選D。 8．A.discount B．a(chǎn)pplication C．reward D．license 解析：選D　根據(jù)下文的“the use of the song”可知此處指得到使用這首歌的許可，license意為“特許”。 9．A.signed up B．gave in C．dropped out D．took over 解析：選A　根據(jù)上文的“negotiated a contract”可知，此處指簽約(signed up)。 10．A.mess B．trial C．hit D．trick 解析：選C　這首歌一炮而紅。hit意為“紅極一時的人或物，成功而轟動一時的人或物”。 11．A.guide B．pete C．ment D．perform 解析：選D　由下文的“on the stage”可知，此處指表演(perform)。 12．A.trapped B．interested C．rooted D．lost 解析：選D　根據(jù)下一句中“我”直到回看錄像帶時才意識到“我”周圍發(fā)生了什么可知，當(dāng)“我”站在舞臺上時，“我”感到不知所措(lost)。 13．A.think back to B．look back at C．hold on to D．glance down at 解析：選B　參見上題解析。look back at意為“回頭看，回顧”。 14．A.opportunity B．challenge C．possibility D．a(chǎn)dvantage 解析：選A　句意：這是我一生都在等待的機(jī)會。opportunity意為“機(jī)會，機(jī)遇”。 15．A.hesitating B．battling C．rejecting D．plaining 解析：選B　句意：我走下舞臺后，攝影師和記者爭相采訪我，成百上千的人排隊與我合影。battle意為“競爭”。 16．A.rang B．queued C．a(chǎn)greed D．claimed 解析：選B　參見上題解析。queue意為“排隊”。 17．A.moving B．ignoring C．disturbing D．beating 解析：選D　由上文的“number one in the iTunes chart”可知，此處指打敗了(beating) Lady Gaga。 18．A.upset B．inspire C．drown D．surprise 解析：選D　句意：生活會帶給你驚喜。多年來，我敲門尋找機(jī)會，而機(jī)會垂青我時，我的時刻到來了。surprise意為“給……驚喜”。 19．A.curiosity B．a(chǎn)nxiety C．passion D．a(chǎn)dmiration 解析：選C　由上文的敘述可知，作者的音樂之路最終獲得了成功，這重燃了作者對音樂的激情(passion)。 20．A.fruitless B．worthwhile C．demanding D．controversial 解析：選B　句意：在打了無數(shù)零工，在錄音棚度過了數(shù)不清的周末之后，這一切最終被證明都是值得的。worthwhile意為“值得的，有價值的”。 Ⅲ.任務(wù)型閱讀 While feelings of disgust can increase behaviors such as lying and cheating, cleanliness can help people return to ethical behavior, according to a recent study by marketing experts at Rice University, Pennsylvania State University and Arizona State University. The study highlights the powerful impact emotions have on individual decisionmaking. As an emotion, disgust is designed as a protection. When people feel disgusted, they tend to remove themselves from a situation. The instinct is to protect oneself. People bee focused on “self” and theyre less likely to think about other people. Small cheating starts to occur: If Im disgusted and more focused on myself and I need to lie a little bit to gain a small advantage, Ill do that. Thats the underlying mechanism. In turn, the researchers found that cleansing behaviors actually keep the selfserving effects of disgust to a minimum. If you can make people think of cleaning products, the likelihood of cheating also goes away. People dont know it, but these small emotions are constantly affecting them. The researchers conducted three randomized experiments causing disgust through various means. The study involved 600 participants around the United States; both genders were equally represented. In one experiment, participants evaluated consumer products such as antidiarrheal medicine (止瀉藥)，and diapers (尿布). In another, participants wrote essays about their most disgusting memory. In the third, participants watched a disgusting toilet scene from the movie Trainspotting. Once effectively disgusted, participants were willing to lie and cheat for financial gain. In another set of experiments, after falling into the state of disgust on participants, the researchers then had them evaluate cleansing products, such as household cleaners and body washes. Those who evaluated the cleansing products did not engage in deceptive behaviors any more than those in the neutral emotion condition. At the basic level, if you have environments that are cleaner, people should be less likely to feel disgusted. If there is less likelihood to feel disgusted, there will be a lower likelihood that people need to be selffocused and there will be a higher likelihood for people to cooperate with each other. The deeper meaning of the studys findings is that these powerful emotions can be caused by a variety of small things when people are reading the newspaper or listening to the radio. What we found is that unless you ask people, they often dont know theyre feeling disgusted. The question is how to make people more selfaware and more thoughtful about the decisionmaking process. 答案：1.impact(s)/influence(s)/effect(s)　2.others 3．purpose/intention　4.reduce/minimize　5.tendency 6．willing/ready/likely　7.behaviors　8.meanings 9．cooperation　10.various 檢測評價B卷 閱讀理解 A (2019南京、鹽城高三模擬) London to Brighton Bike Ride The start The bike ride starts at Clapham mon tube station. Ride carefully We put together as many facilities as possible to help ensure you have a troublefree day. But we also rely on you to ride safely and with due consideration for other cyclists and road users. Although many roads are closed to oning traffic, this is not always the case and you should be aware of the possibility that there could be vehicles ing in the opposite direction. Please do not attempt reckless overtaking whilst riding — remember it is NOT a race. (1)________ If you have an accident, ask a marshal for help; they are in contact with the support/emergency services. To call for help from our motorcycle marshals, give a“thumbs down” signal. The marshal will do all he/she can to help, providing he/she is not already going to a more serious accident. If a motorcycle marshal slows down to help you, but you have just stopped for a rest and dont need help, please give a “thumbs up” signal and he/she will carry on. Remember — thumbs down means “I need help”． (2)________ Refer to your route map and make your way to a Mechanics Point. Mechanical assistance is free when you show your Rider Identity Card; you just pay for the parts. Refreshment stops Look out for these along the route. Most are organized by voluntary clubs and their prices give you real value for money. They are also raising money for their local munities and the British Heart Foundation, so please give them your support. Rain or shine — be prepared In the event of very bad weather, watch out for signs to wet weather stations en route. Good waterproofs, like a cycle cape, are essential. Our first aid staff can only supply bin liners and by the time you get one you may be very wet. However, the English summer is unpredictable — it may also be hot, so dont forget the sun protection cream as well! (3)________ We will try to pick up your bike for you on the day. Call Bike Events (01225310859) no more than two weeks after the ride to arrange collection. Sorry, we cannot guarantee this service nor can we accept liability for any loss or damage to your bike. Bike Events will hold your bike for three months, after which it may be disposed of. You will be charged for all costs incurred in returning your cycle. 1．Which of the following might be the correct order of the missing subtitles in the passage? a．In case of breakdown b．Attracting assistance c．If you have to drop out A．a(chǎn)—b—c　　　　　 　B．b—c—a C．c—a—b D．b—a—c 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一空下面的第二句中的“call for help”和“give a ‘thumbs down’ signal”提示，應(yīng)填A(yù)ttracting assistance；根據(jù)第二空下面的第二句“Mechanical assistance is free when you show your Rider Identity Card”提示，應(yīng)填I(lǐng)n case of breakdown“萬一車壞了”；根據(jù)第三空下面的第一句“We will try to pick up your bike for you”提示，這是對參與者退出騎行后的處理。綜上可知選D。 2．We can learn from the passage that ________. A．first aid staff can provide cycle capes B．some roads may have normal traffic flow on them C．refreshments are free to participants during the ride D．Bike Events wont charge you for the return of your bike 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ride carefully第三句中“the possibility that there could be vehicles ing”提示，與B項中may have normal traffic flow同義替換。 B Food waste has been a chronic (習(xí)慣性的) problem for restaurants and grocery stores — with millions of tons lost along the way as crops are hauled (拖) hundreds of miles, stored for weeks in refrigerators and prepared on busy restaurant assembly lines. But the historically high price of products is making it an even bigger drag on the bottom line. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are pensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller packages or trying to post (將……制成堆肥) and cut down on trashhauling costs. “We have all e to work with this big elephant in the middle of kitchen, and the elephant is this ‘Its okay to waste’ belief system，” said Andrew Shackman, president of LeanPath, a pany that helps restaurants cut back food waste. The interest in cutting food waste “has just rocketed in the last six to nine months，” he said. Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some ＄48 billion annually, according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Wholesale food costs have risen more than 8 percent this year, the biggest jump in decades, according to the National Restaurant Association. Freshman students at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when the two of the campus biggest dining halls to find there were no trays. “You have to go back and get your dishware and your drink, but its not that different，” said Caitlin Mewborn, a freshman. “Its not a big trouble. You take less food, and you dont eat more than you should.” Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the dining halls, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Techs sustainability program. Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet (自助餐), only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said. 語篇解讀：食品浪費已經(jīng)成為一個長期的問題。文章以弗吉尼亞理工大學(xué)的校園餐廳取消提供托盤為例，講述了餐館、大學(xué)、醫(yī)院以及其他機(jī)構(gòu)正在以新的方式來減少食品浪費，從而彌補(bǔ)不斷攀升的廢棄食品處理成本。 3．High price of products makes the problem of food waste ________.　 A．less challenging　　　 　B．more unbelievable C．less noticeable D．more unsolvable 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，產(chǎn)品的高價使得食品浪費問題更無法解決。故選項D符合題意。drag意為“累贅，拖累，絆腳石”。 4．What does Caitlin Mewborn most probably think about the fact that no trays are provided in the campus dining halls? A．It doesnt help cut food waste much. B．It causes much trouble for students. C．It isnt wellreceived by the freshmen. D．It is efficient for cutting food waste. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段最后一句可知，凱特琳繆伯恩對于校園餐廳不提供托盤的看法是，取的食物少了，吃下去的食物也就不會超過自己的胃口，這對于減少食品浪費是有效的。故選項D正確。 5．The author mentions Virginia Tech as an example to support the idea that ________. A．food waste has been a longlasting chronic problem B．novel ways are being applied to cutting food waste C．colleges are truly the biggest source of food waste D．the “Its okay to waste” belief system is influential 解析：選B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，作者以弗吉尼亞理工大學(xué)為例是為了表明，大學(xué)、醫(yī)院以及其他機(jī)構(gòu)正在用新的方式來減少食品浪費。故選項B符合題意。 C (2019鎮(zhèn)江模擬)Everybody seeks happiness in the world. We will be really happy when we get a new car or a big house or get married ... The thing is, if we are continually searching for happiness in the outside world, we will be very disappointed. It seems as if we are forever chasing it and it is always just one step away. Happiness is a short state of mind, just like the state of sadness or joy or anger. It would not be possible for us to be in a happy state 24 hours a day. If you think that sounds laughable, think about being at a funeral when everyone is mourning. Would it feel right to go about with a huge smile on your face? What we go through in our lives helps us grow and understand the value of happiness. We need to be able to respond in all manner of ways according to what we are dealing with at any given time. All emotions and states are part of the life. Happiness can be found in reaching_out and being in relationship with people. Though time or money may be lost in helping others, these will bee our happy memories. Happiness is a dance with whatever in front of you. It is a deep connection to everything around you. It does not e from expecting others to bring you joy but from how you can create joy for others. If you want to experience happiness more often, see what you can do to put a smile on someone elses face each day and notice how much happier you feel when you have achieved that. Happiness is not to be found in material possessions. It is freely available to everyone at any time. All that is required to experience happiness is that you place your focus on moments in your life that make you smile. 語篇解讀：幸福是一種心理感受。僅僅從外界尋找幸福的結(jié)果是令人失望的。要想真正地享受幸福，就必須從內(nèi)心世界尋找幸福。 6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A．You may smile at a funeral. B．We should only keep happiness in mind. C．Expression must be fit for the proper situation. D．We can be in a happy state 24 hours a day. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。第二段說明在葬禮上笑是不合適的。由此可推知，人的面部表情一定要適合特定的場合。 7．According to the author, happiness can show up when ________. A．you dont have to work B．you expect others to bring you joy C．a(chǎn) good relationship is maintained D．you are free to do anything 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，和他人建立良好的關(guān)系可以使人感到幸福。 8．The underlined phrase “reaching out” in Paragraph 4 means “________”． A．stretching ones hand B．offering help to someone C．trying to get something D．realizing ones dream 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，雖然幫助別人可能會使我們損失時間和金錢，但它卻會成為我們幸福的回憶，故reaching out表示“伸出援手”。 9．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Smiling to others is rarely available to ever