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第一步　循序漸進(jìn)，提升寫作技能 第一講　短小精悍的簡單句 英語中最重要、最基本的句式有五種，復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)都是這些基本句型的擴(kuò)展和延伸。因此，加強(qiáng)對五種基本句型的學(xué)習(xí)是寫作的基礎(chǔ)，也是提高英語寫作水平的前提。 除了系動(dòng)詞be外，還有一些動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞：表感官的動(dòng)詞(feel，smell，taste，sound等)，表“像”的動(dòng)詞(look，appear，seem等)，表狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞(bee，get，grow，turn，go等)，表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞(remain，keep，hold，stay等)。作表語的通常是名詞、形容詞、不定式、介詞短語或從句。 1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名詞作表語) 2.Gradually he became silent.(形容詞作表語) 3.She remained standing for an hour.(現(xiàn)在分詞作表語) 4.The question remained unsolved.(過去分詞作表語) 5.The machine is out of order.(介詞短語作表語) 6.The television was on.(副詞作表語) 7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(動(dòng)詞不定式作表語) 8.My job is repairing cars.(動(dòng)名詞作表語) 9.The question is what you want to do.(從句作表語，即：表語從句) [名師點(diǎn)津]　在下面的句子中，形容詞作表語，在表語的后面常常接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。 1.I’m happy to meet you. 2.They are willing to help. 3.We are determined to follow his example. 這種句型中的動(dòng)詞(短語)大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，這類動(dòng)詞(短語)常見的有：take place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，go，e，die，count，matter，fall，rise等。有些動(dòng)詞如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，cook，read等可以在后面加副詞表示主語的性質(zhì)，也用于主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 1.The sun is rising. 2.I’ll try. 3.Did you sleep well？(well作狀語，修飾不及物動(dòng)詞sleep) 4.The engine broke down. [名師點(diǎn)津]　在此句型中，有少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義，表達(dá)主語本身所具有的特征，不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 1.The book sells well. 2.The window won’t shut. 3.The pen writes smoothly. 4.Cheese cuts easily. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中常見的句型，謂語是及物動(dòng)詞(短語)，賓語通常是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等。 1.Do you know these people(them)？(名詞或代詞作賓語) 2.I can’t express myself in English.(反身代詞作賓語) 3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源賓語) 4.We can’t afford to pay such a price.(不定式作賓語) 5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(動(dòng)名詞作賓語) 6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(從句作賓語，即：賓語從句) [名師點(diǎn)津]　并不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以接上述各種情況作賓語，不同的動(dòng)詞有不同的用法，所以，在學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一定要掌握其用法。 在英語的雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動(dòng)詞是能帶一個(gè)間接賓語和一個(gè)直接賓語的及物動(dòng)詞，這類動(dòng)詞被稱為雙賓語及物動(dòng)詞。這種帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞也可以與介詞to或for連用，構(gòu)成“主語＋謂語動(dòng)詞＋直接賓語＋介詞＋間接賓語”的句型。間接賓語前需要加to的常用動(dòng)詞：bring，give，hand，lend，offer，owe，pass，write，send，show，tell，teach等。間接賓語前需要加for的常用動(dòng)詞：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，sing，spare。 1.He handed me a letter.→He handed a letter to me. 2.She gave me her telephone number.→She gave her telephone number to me. 3.She sang us a folk song.→She sang a folk song for us. 4.She cooked us a delicious meal.→She cooked a delicious meal for us. 賓語補(bǔ)足語是用來補(bǔ)充說明賓語內(nèi)容的，通常放在賓語的后面，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。名詞、形容詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等常常作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 1.He found his new job boring.(形容詞作賓補(bǔ)) 2.They called their daughter Mary.(名詞作賓補(bǔ)) 3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介詞短語作賓補(bǔ)) 4.We went to her house but found her out.(副詞作賓補(bǔ)) 5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式作賓補(bǔ)) 6.We thought him to be an honest man.(to be作賓補(bǔ)) 7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式作賓補(bǔ)) 8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的進(jìn)行式作賓補(bǔ)) 9.Did you notice him e in？(不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)) 10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)) 11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)) [跟 蹤 訓(xùn) 練] Ⅰ.用下面所給的動(dòng)詞作謂語， 按要求完成下面句子 ★leave 1.They will__leave (將離開)tomorrow. (主謂) 2.The boy left__his__book__here (把書落在這里)yesterday. (主謂賓) 3.Tom always leaves__his__homework__unfinished(做不完作業(yè))at night. (主謂賓賓補(bǔ)) 4.His grandfather __left__his__son__a__big__house(留給兒子一所大房子)after his death. (主謂間賓直賓) ★ write 5.We write__with__pens(用鋼筆寫字). (主謂) 6.She often writes__reports(寫報(bào)告)for a newspaper. (主謂賓) 7.She wrote__me__a__letter(給我寫信)last week. (主謂間賓直賓) Ⅱ.翻譯句子 1.我們的語文老師很隨和。 Our__Chinese__teacher__is__very__easy-going. 2.他所說的話聽起來有道理。 What__he__said__sounds__reasonable. 3.孩子們急急忙忙向博物館方向走去。 The__children__walked__in__the__direction__of__the__museum__in__a__hurry. 4.在去哪兒度假的問題上我父母最終讓步了。 My__parents__gave__in__at__last__on__where__to__spend__the__holiday. 5.我喜歡跟Smith一起工作。 I__enjoy__working__with__Smith. 6.他幾乎不知道如何寫作文。 He__hardly__knows__how__to__write__a__position. 7.售票員把車票一一給了乘客。 The__conductor__gave__the__tickets__to__the__passengers__one__by__one. 8.我給兒子買了個(gè)筆記本電腦作為禮物。 I__bought__a__laptop__for__my__son__as__a__gift. 9.孩子們把新年晚會(huì)辦得很成功。 Children__made__the__new__year__party__a__success. 10.他讓狗圍著桌子跑。 He__had__the__dog__run__around__the__desk. Ⅲ.典型病句診斷 1.I’m very much like English.→I__like__English__very__much. 2.My favourite subjects including English and Chinese.including→include 3.The future life will bee more and more better.more__and__more__better→better__and__better 4.In their opinion，go to university is the only way to success.go→going 5.There have many students talking outside.have→are 6.He cost ten dollars for the book.cost→paid 7.She is confidence and patience.confidence__and__patience→confident__and__patient 8.I followed Mr.Smith enter the office.enter前加to 9.Has he returned back yet？去掉back 10.He leave Beijing on a cold winter night.leave→left 11.I worked hardly in order to catch up with others.hardly→hard 12.The fire destroied their houses.destroied→destroyed 13.She fell very happy at the news.fell→felt 14.He is works very hard.去掉is 15.My home village has taken place great changes in the past few years. →Great__changes__have__taken__place__in__my__home__village__in__the__past__few__years.