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閱讀理解提升練(六) A (2018浙江寧波諾丁漢大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期期中) In the first days of the new year,a photo from Rio’s traditional fireworks show on Copacabana Beach has spread like wildfire on Brazilian social networks—a shot of a little boy,alone,wading into the water,separated from the joyful crowd celebrating and taking pictures behind him.Arms crossed,he stares up wide-eyed and open-mouthed at the fireworks in the sky. Despite the absence of any information about the child other than his age 9,the image Lucas Landau shot for Reuters news agency has sparked tens of thousands of shares and ments on social media,newspaper articles,blog posts and a national debate about race,class and inequality.To some,it’s just a photo of a young black boy attracted by the spectacular New Year’s Eve fireworks.People need to stop thinking that all black boys,without shirts on,are abandoned,sad,alone and unhappy.To others,the image is emblematic of Brazil’s severe inequality. About half of Brazil’s population of 200 million identify as mixed-race/black,second only to Nigeria.But black and mixed-raced Brazilians are minor in academia,politics and leadership roles.Less than 10 percent of Brazil’s Congress is black,and just 18 percent of leadership roles are held by Afro-Brazilians. For Luiz Augusto Campos,a sociologist at Rio State University,the wide-ranging interpretations of the photo,as well as the explosive debate it generated,represents a changing tide for Afro-Brazilians.“The fact that it’s bee so problematic is a reflection of a plex transition in terms of race in Brazil,” he said,adding that 20 or 30 years ago,the photo would have stirred few or no concerns about whether it strengthened negative stereotypes (刻板印象). “These changes are still relatively small in Brazil,but they have the long-term objective of dissociating the ideas of blackness and poverty,” Campos said. 1.What can we learn from the passage? A.The boy’s age is mentioned in the news. B.The debate the image causes worsens the severe inequality. C.Afro-Brazilians are mistreated because they are in the minority. D.The boy in the photo has been abandoned and needs urgent help. 2.Which word can be used to replace the underlined word “emblematic”? 　　　　 　　　　　 A.Problematic. B.Representative. C.Objective. D.Significant. 3.What problem does the photo reflect according to this passage? A.The racial inequality in Brazil. B.The social status of the Afro-Brazilians. C.The Afro-Brazilians’ fighting for rights. D.The stereotype to associate or link blackness with poverty in Brazil. B India now leads the world in smartphone growth.It saw a 55% increase in the number of smartphones in 2014.The number of Web users increased by 37%.Smartphones were the source of 65% of its Internet traffic and 41% of its e-merce,according to a report by the analyst Mary Meeker,titled “Internet Trends 2015”. India’s Internet boom has started.Within three to four years,almost every adult in India will own a smartphone.They will be used to order goods,read news,monitor crop growth and so on. Indian adults will be very interested in these devices just as young Americans are.87% of Americans between the ages of 18 and 34 who own smartphones say they never separate from these:“My smartphone never leaves my side.” Four out of five say that the first thing they do on waking is to reach for their smartphones.And three fifths believe that in the next five years everything will be done on mobile devices. In the business world,the rise of mobile platforms is dramatically transforming many industries all over the world.What Indian software developers have to do is start thinking about solutions to old problems by using all the features of these new devices.They need to take advantage of the unique properties of smartphones and tablets.As Indian software developers and enterprises master the smartphone,they will be able to export their solutions to the rest of the world. This will make possible a new tech revolution that is greater than what created India’s IT industry in the 1980s and 1990s.We can expect the rapid transformation of India when a billion people bee connected and have equal access to information and services. 4.Loads of numbers are used in Paragraph 1 to show 　　　. A.India’s smartphones increase most rapidly in the world B.India has the most advanced IT industry in the world C.India will be a superpower pretty soon D.India will export new smartphones to the rest of the world 5.What will most young Americans do first the moment they wake up? A.Read news. B.Shop online. C.Get their smartphones. D.Check e-mails. 6.Which can be the best title of the text? A.More people,more smartphones B.No dream,every Indian owns a smartphone C.At hand,India’s next tech revolution D.A small smartphone,a big use C Whenever the word “hero” es to me,I immediately think of three Hs:honourable,hard-working,and happy.When I think more about this word,I picture someone who has acplished good things for people and tries to do the right thing.Hattie Elizabeth Alexander is one person whom I find to be very heroic. Hattie was born in Baltimore,Maryland on April 5,1901.During her time at College she earned her Bachelor’s Degree in Bacteriology and Physiology.These were just the first steps towards what she was finally going to be remembered for.After college Hattie attended the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and received her medical degree. After her education,she pursued her career,and after much time and hard work,she drastically reduced the number of infants (幼兒) dying from meningitis (腦膜炎).Hattie was very dedicated to her work and helped as many locations as she could.Spending substantial (大量的) time in the labouratory,Hattie successfully developed a cure against the disease,which decreased the death rate to 20 per cent.At the same time,she was also a teacher working with Columbia University. She was a caring lady interested in other people’s lives.When she was teaching at Columbia University,other members would talk to her about students that were failing their classes,and somehow Hattie could always find convincing reasons as to why they should not be driven away.Later,Hattie became an instructor in Pediatrics at New York City’s Babies Hospital.After many honours,she became the first woman president of the American Pediatric Society in 1965.This was her last major achievement,for soon after,Hattie died of cancer on June 24,1968. Hattie is my hero because her positive attitude and strength helped her acplish great things for others.She gave them her strength by developing medicines against diseases,which,by doing so,made them stronger.This is what makes Hattie Elizabeth Alexander my hero. 7.According to the passage,Hattie Elizabeth Alexander　　　. A.received her Bachelor’s Degree in Johns Hopkins School B.spent all her time in the labouratory developing cures for illnesses C.cared a lot about others’ private lives D.always tried her best to help prevent students from dropping out of college 8.What does the underlined word “drastically” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Slightly.　　　　　　　B.Hardly. C.Greatly. D.Totally. 9.Hattie is considered to be a hero by the author in that　　　. A.she was an honourable,hard-working and happy person B.she was a very dedicated woman doctor with many honours C.she was a caring lady who helped many students finish college D.she was the first woman president of APS 10.Which of the following would be the most proper title for the text? A.An honourable woman B.A woman acplishing great things C.My hero—Hattie Elizabeth Alexander D.The first woman president of the APS  閱讀理解提升練(六) A 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 在新年的最初幾天,來自里約熱內(nèi)盧傳統(tǒng)煙花展上的一個(gè)小男孩的照片在巴西社交媒體上迅速傳播,并引發(fā)了熱議。這種熱議從某個(gè)角度上反映了巴西種族問題的積極轉(zhuǎn)變。 1.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第一句中的“the absence of any information about the child other than his age 9”可知,除了他9歲以外,沒有任何關(guān)于這個(gè)孩子的信息。A項(xiàng)符合題意。 2.B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“To some,it’s just a photo of...emblematic of Brazil’s acute inequality.”可知,對一些人來說,這只是一張照片,但對另一些人來說,這張照片反映出了社會的不平等現(xiàn)象,他們認(rèn)為這張照片代表了巴西的不平等。representative 意為“有代表性的”。problematic 意為“有問題的”,objective 意為“客觀的”,significant 意為“有意義的”。 3.D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段最后一句和最后一段中的“but they have the long-term objective of dissociating the ideas of blackness and poverty”可知,這件事反映了巴西人在種族方面的復(fù)雜轉(zhuǎn)變,在二三十年前,這張照片幾乎不會引起多少人的擔(dān)憂,也沒有人擔(dān)心它是否強(qiáng)化了負(fù)面的刻板印象?，F(xiàn)在人們有一個(gè)長期的目標(biāo),那就是把黑膚色和貧窮為一體的觀念分離開。D項(xiàng)意為“在巴西,將黑膚色和貧窮聯(lián)系在一起的刻板印象”,故選D項(xiàng)。 B 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 近年來,印度智能手機(jī)聯(lián)接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展迅猛,可以預(yù)見,它的下一次技術(shù)革命即將到來。 4.A　推理判斷題。由第一段第一句“India now leads the world in smartphone growth.”可知,這些數(shù)字是為了表明印度智能手機(jī)的快速發(fā)展。 5.C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段的“Four out of five say that the first thing they do on waking is to reach for their smartphones.”可以看出:五分之四的美國年輕人醒來第一件事就是拿手機(jī),由此可知答案。 6.C　主旨大意題。C項(xiàng)含有概括全文的關(guān)鍵詞:India,at hand(雙關(guān):在手邊&即將到來),tech revolution。 C 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】 本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了“我”心目中的英雄——Hattie Elizabeth Alexander。 7.D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“When she was teaching...were failing their classes...could always find convincing reasons as to why they should not be driven away.”可知,Hattie Elizabeth Alexander總是盡最大努力防止學(xué)生退學(xué)。故選D項(xiàng)。 8.C　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知,應(yīng)該是大大減少了死于腦膜炎的幼兒的數(shù)量。可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。 9.A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句及最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,作者之所以認(rèn)為她是名英雄是因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)受人尊敬、勤奮和幸福的人。故選A項(xiàng)。 10.C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句和最后一段第一句可知C項(xiàng)“My hero—Hattie Elizabeth Alexander”為最佳標(biāo)題。