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Unit 2 English around the world (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．subway n．　　　　　　　 地下人行道；〈美〉地鐵 2．elevator n. 電梯；升降機(jī) 3．petrol n. 〈英〉汽油(＝〈美〉gasoline) 4．conquer vt. 征服；占領(lǐng) 5．a(chǎn)partment n. 〈美〉公寓住宅；單元住宅 6．enrich vt.　[縱聯(lián)1] 使富裕；充實(shí)；改善 7．identity n. 本身；本體；身份 8．dialect n. 方言 9．eastern adj.[縱聯(lián)2] 東方的；東部的 10．lightning n. 閃電 11．usage n. 使用；用法；詞語(yǔ)慣用法 12．block n. 街區(qū)；塊；木塊；石塊 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形 1．official adj.[縱聯(lián)3] 官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的 2．voyage n．　[縱聯(lián)4] 航行；航海 3．native adj. 本國(guó)的；本地的 n. 本地人；本國(guó)人 4．base vt. 以……為根據(jù) n. 基部；基地；基礎(chǔ) 5．spelling n. 拼寫；拼法 6．vocabulary n. 詞匯；詞匯量；詞表 7．mand n．& vt. 命令；指令；掌握 8．request n．&vt. 請(qǐng)求；要求 9．straight adv. 直接；挺直 adj. 直的；筆直的；正直的 10．a(chǎn)ccent n. 口音；腔調(diào)；重音 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．a(chǎn)ctually adv.實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上→actual adj.真實(shí)的；實(shí)際的 2．gradual adj.逐漸的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐漸地；逐步地 3．latter adj.較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的→latest adj.最新的；最近的→later adj.后期的；后者的→lately adv.近來；最近 4．fluent adj.流利的；流暢的→fluently adv.流利地；流暢地→fluency n．流利；流暢 5．frequent adj.頻繁的；常見的→frequently adv.常常；頻繁地→frequency n．頻率 6．expression n．詞語(yǔ)；表示；表達(dá)→express vt.表達(dá) 7．recognize vt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)→recognition n．認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識(shí) 縱聯(lián)1.en前綴和en后綴改變?cè)~性 ①rich→enrich vt.　　　　　 使富裕 ②able→enable v. 使能夠 ③large→enlarge v. 擴(kuò)大 ④sure→ensure v. 確保；擔(dān)保 ⑤strength→strengthen v. 加強(qiáng)；鞏固 ⑥short→shorten v. 縮短；使變短 縱聯(lián)2.后綴ern引領(lǐng)四面八方 ①eastern 東方的；東部的 ②western 西方的；西部的 ③southern 南方的；南部的 ④northern 北方的；北部的 ⑤northwestern 西北方的；來自西北的 ⑥southeastern 東南方的；來自東南的 ⑦northeastern 東北方的；來自東北的 ⑧southwestern 西南方的；來自西南的 縱聯(lián)3.后綴ial結(jié)尾形容詞集錦 ①official官方的 ②beneficial有益的 ③mercial商業(yè)的 ④facial表面的 ⑤influential有影響力的 ⑥industrial工業(yè)的 縱聯(lián)4.多變“旅行”名詞一覽 ①voyage航行；航海 ②tour(觀光)旅行 ③travel旅行 ④journey(長(zhǎng)途)旅行 ⑤trip(短途)旅行；外出 ⑥outing遠(yuǎn)足 單元話題——語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí) 子話題1　學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容 ①phrase n．短語(yǔ)　　　　　 ②idiom n．習(xí)語(yǔ)；成語(yǔ) ③pronunciation n．發(fā)音 ④grammar n．語(yǔ)法 ⑤practice n．練習(xí) ⑥standard n．& adj.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(的) ⑦knowledge n．知識(shí)；學(xué)問 ⑧speech n．演講 子話題2　學(xué)習(xí)過程 ①accuracy n．準(zhǔn)確；精確 ②fault n．缺點(diǎn)；毛病 ③perfect adj.完美的 ④abundant adj.大量的；充裕的 ⑤summarize vt.概括；總結(jié) ⑥take in理解；吸收 子話題3　學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)果 ①master vt.精通；掌握　 　　 ②acquire v．獲得；得到 ③overe v．克服；解決 ④pronounce vt.發(fā)音 ⑤enlarge vt.擴(kuò)大 ⑥accumulate vt.積累；積聚 ⑦improve v．改善；增進(jìn)；提高 ⑧grasp v．掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì) [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2014江蘇高考閱讀D) My mother and I conflicted countless times over the years, but __?__ (gradual) came to see? one another as real human beings with faults and talents, and as women of strength in our own right. Lacking a mirror image in the mother who raised me, I had to seek my identity? as a woman on my own.The Asian American munity has helped me regain my double identity. ①用gradual的正確形式填空：gradually ②寫出see在本單元中的近義詞：recognize ③寫出identity在句中的含義：身份； identity的動(dòng)詞為identify，意為“確認(rèn)；鑒定”。 2．(2014重慶高考完形填空)Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals?will judge you by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries，exposing your flesh is forbidden, especially if you are a woman.So leave your torn jeans at home. Also be cautious about expressing? emotions. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly.In some countries it is unwise to kiss in public. ①寫出locals在本單元中的近義詞：_natives_ ②寫出加黑詞在本單元中的同根名詞：expression 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2015四川高考書面表達(dá))作為一個(gè)以中文為母語(yǔ)的人，我的中文講得很清晰流利，我的老師們對(duì)我的中文口語(yǔ)評(píng)價(jià)很高。(native, fluent) As_a_native_Chinese_speaker,_I_can_speak_Chinese_clearly_and_fluently,_and_my_teachers_think_highly_of_my_spoken_Chinese. 2．(2014山東高考寫作)事實(shí)上，諺語(yǔ)是一種眾所周知的、反復(fù)使用的表達(dá)方式，它表達(dá)的是一種基于常識(shí)或人類實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)的真理。(actually, expression, base) Actually,_a_proverb_is_an_expression_popularly_known_and_repeated,_which_expresses_a_truth,_based_on_mon_sense_or_the_practical_experience_of_humans. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．base vt.以……為根據(jù)n.基部；基地；基礎(chǔ) [記牢] (1)base ... on/upon ...　 把……建立在……基礎(chǔ)之上 be based on/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ)；依據(jù)…… (2)basic adj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 basis n. 基礎(chǔ)；根據(jù) [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①Basing (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. ②With our knowledge based (base) on practice, we can make great contributions to our society. 句式升級(jí) ③The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right. →Based_on_trust,_the restaurant is working all right.(改為分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)) [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④(2015北京高考書面表達(dá))首先，他向我們展示了捏面人的基本步驟和技巧。 First, he showed_us_the_basic_steps and skills of making dough figurines. 2．mand n．[C]命令；指令；[U]掌握vt.命令；指揮 [記牢] (1)at one’s mand　　　　　　 聽某人支配 have a (good) mand of 掌握；精通(尤指語(yǔ)言) take mand of 控制；擔(dān)任……的指揮 (2)mand sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 mand that ... (should) do ... 命令……做…… [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①I’m at your mand — what would you like me to do? ②If you do not serve others, you cannot take mand of them. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ③The police manded the witness to describe what had happened the day before. →The police manded that the witness (should)_describe_what_had_happened the day before. [聯(lián)想]　mand后面跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”，以下動(dòng)詞具有相同的用法： 一堅(jiān)持：insist；二命令：order, mand； 三建議：suggest, advise, remend； 四要求：demand, request, require, desire； 再加一個(gè)敦促：urge。 [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④(20186月浙江高考寫作)我確信我非常勝任做這項(xiàng)志愿工作，因?yàn)槲揖ㄓ⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。 I do believe that I am very qualified for this voluntary work, because_I_have_a_good_mand_of_spoken_English. 3．request n．&vt.請(qǐng)求；要求 [記牢] (1)make a request for sth./that ...　 請(qǐng)求；要求…… at one’s request 應(yīng)某人的要求 (2)request sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求某人做某事 request that ... (should) do sth. 請(qǐng)求…… It is requested that ... (should) do sth. 據(jù)要求…… [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①What’s your opinion of Mr Li’s request that we (should)_spend (spend) half an hour reading English aloud every morning? ②It_is_requested (request) that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ③I requested that the students should be well prepared for the exam. →I made_a_request_that the students should be well prepared for the exam. (request n．) [用準(zhǔn)] 　動(dòng)詞request后的賓語(yǔ)從句以及名詞request后的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”， should可省略。 [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④在博物館里要求參觀者不要吸煙和大聲談話。 The visitors are_requested_not_to_smoke_or_talk_loudly in the museum. 4．recognize vt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn) [記牢] (1)recognize sb./one’s voice　 認(rèn)出某人/聽出某人的聲音 be recognized to be/as ... 被認(rèn)為是…… It is recognized that ... 人們公認(rèn)…… (2)recognition n. 認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識(shí) beyond (all) recognition 認(rèn)不出來 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without_being_recognized (recognize)． ②Alexander tried to get his work recognized (recognize) in the medical circles. ③I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond all recognition (recognize)． [寫美]　翻譯句子 ④人們一致認(rèn)為環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)變成了最嚴(yán)重的問題之一。 It_is_recognized_that_environmental_pollution_has_bee_one_of_the_most_serious_problems. [詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．Both English and French are official (官方的) languages in Canada. 2．She was born in Germany and her native (本國(guó)的) language is German. 3．The Smiths have lived in London for ten years, so they speak with a London accent (口音)． 4．If you want to improve your reading skill, you should have a large vocabulary (詞匯量) first. 5．Go straight (直接) down the road until you e to the English language school. 6．The store is three blocks (街區(qū)) away. It is very convenient for us to buy things. 7．He hated being in the army because he had to obey mands (命令)． 8．Man’s dream of making a space voyage (航行) finally came true. Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．His speech was frequently (frequent) interrupted by stormy applause. 2．I didn’t like maths at the very start, but now my interest in it has been gradually (gradual) increasing. 3．As soon as he heard the news, an expression (express) of surprise appeared on his face. 4．My puter has a program which can correct my spelling(s) (spell) automatically. 5．My hometown has changed beyond recognition (recognize) since I was last here. 6．You’ll be able to choose a room based on/upon your own personal tastes. 7．Nearly one hundred countries recognize English as their official (office) language. 8．Actually (actual), he is an honest and reliable person, whom you can depend on. Ⅲ.一句多譯 1．這部電影是根據(jù)一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事改編的，吸引了全國(guó)的關(guān)注。(base) ①The film, based_on/upon a true story, attracts peoples interest all over the country. ②The film is_based_on/upon a true story and it attracts peoples interest all over the country. 2．他命令我們一個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。 ①He_manded_that_we_(should)_finish_the_work_in_an_hour._ (mand that ...) ②He_manded_us_to_finish_the_work_in_an_hour._ (mand sb. to do sth.) 3．班主任要求我們認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)功課。 ①Our_headteacher_requested_us_to_go_over_our_lessons_carefully. (request sb. to do sth.) ②Our_headteacher_requested_that_we_(should)_go_over_our_lessons_carefully. (request that ...) Ⅳ.語(yǔ)境辨義 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出block的詞性和詞義 (A)n.街區(qū)　　　　　 (B)n.一塊(木頭、石頭等) (C)n.棟；座；幢 (D)vt.阻擋；堵塞 1．We tried to get through, but a fallen tree blocked the road.__D__ 2．She grew up playing with the other kids on the block.__A__ 3．The little boy put a block of ice into the cup.__B__ 4．Several blocks of flats have been built in this area.__C__ (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．more_than　　　　　　　　　 超過；非常；不只是；不僅是 2．e_up 走近；上來；提出 3．be_based_on 以……為基礎(chǔ)；依據(jù)…… 4．believe_it_or_not 信不信由你 5．play_a_part_(in)_ 扮演一個(gè)角色；參與 6．because_of 因?yàn)椋挥捎? 7．the_number_of_ ……的數(shù)量 8．a(chǎn)t_present [串記1] 現(xiàn)在；目前 9．make_use_of [串記2] 利用；使用 10．such_as 例如……；像這種的 [同根短語(yǔ)串記] 串記1.at時(shí)間短語(yǔ)小結(jié) ①at present 現(xiàn)在；目前 ②at times 有時(shí) ③at a time 一次 ④at one time 曾經(jīng) ⑤at the moment 現(xiàn)在 ⑥at the beginning of 在……開始時(shí) 串記2.“make＋n.＋prep.”短語(yǔ)薈萃 ①make use of 使用；利用 ②make a fool of 愚弄；欺騙 ③make the most/best of 盡量利用；充分利用 ④make way for 為……讓路；讓路于 ⑤make an appointment with sb. 與某人有個(gè)約定 1．a(chǎn)t the end of the 16th century 16世紀(jì)末 2．make a voyage/voyages_to 航海/航行去…… 3．native English speakers 以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人 4．enrich_the English language 豐富英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言 5._than ever before 比以前任何時(shí)候更 6．standard English 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ) 7．on TV and the radio 在電視和收音機(jī)里 8．a(chǎn)n official language 一門官方語(yǔ)言 1．Native English speakers can understand each other even_if_they_don’t_speak the same kind of English. 以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的英語(yǔ)不盡相同，也可以相互理解。 2．It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)，而我們今天所說的英語(yǔ)不是。 3．It is not easy for a Chinese person_to_speak_English as well as a native English speaker. 對(duì)中國(guó)人來說，想把英語(yǔ)說得像以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人一樣好，并不是件容易的事。 4．Believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　完形中的短語(yǔ)(補(bǔ)全句子) 1．(2014浙江高考完形填空)“I came to thank you，”she said, surprising me beyond speech. Because_of (因?yàn)? me, Simon had bee a different person. 2．(2014湖南高考完形填空)But ironing shirts was not easy work. It didn’t make_use_of (利用) long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn’t a smooth operation like iceskating. 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的短語(yǔ)和句式 (詞匯升級(jí)/補(bǔ)全句子) 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))I am very (＝more_than) delighted to know you are invited to a dinner party by your Chinese friend.(用本單元短語(yǔ)替換加黑詞) 2．(2015四川高考書面表達(dá))我急需提高我的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)，所以找到一個(gè)以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人來學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)我來說很重要。(It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do ...) I badly need to improve my oral English, so it_is_very_important_for_me_to_find_a_native_English_speaker_to_learn_from. 3．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))說到餐桌禮儀，即使你不習(xí)慣，吃飯時(shí)也要小聲說話。(even if) Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low during the meal even_if_you_are_not_used_to_it. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語(yǔ)集釋] 1．e up走近；上來；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出；(太陽(yáng)、月亮等)升起 [辨清]　寫出下列句中e up的含義 ①(2015湖北高考)A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder fondly. “You’re just the boy I am looking for.”走近 ②As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people’s attention.被提出 ③When the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.升起 ④I planted some seeds in the yard.But they failed to e up.發(fā)芽 ⑤—Alvin, are you ing with us? —I’d love to, but something unexpected has e up.發(fā)生 [記牢] e up with　　　　　 想出；提出 e across (偶然)遇見；發(fā)現(xiàn)；被理解 e to 總計(jì)；達(dá)到 when it es to ... 當(dāng)談到…… [練通]　選用上述短語(yǔ)填空 ⑥Specialists can e_up_with new ways to solve the problem of air pollution. ⑦When we read newspapers, we often e_across such English words as “AIDS” and “PK”． [用準(zhǔn)]　e up的主語(yǔ)是物，表示“(計(jì)劃、建議、方案等)被提出”，為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；而e up with主語(yǔ)是人或團(tuán)體組織，表示“(某人)提出”，為及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ⑧(2016四川高考書面表達(dá))當(dāng)談到我最喜歡的季節(jié)時(shí)，我立刻會(huì)想到春天。 When_it_es_to_the_season_I_like_best,_spring will always occur to me in no time. 2．make use of利用；使用 [記牢] 　　　　　 充分利用 (2)e into use 開始被使用 be of (great) use (很)有用 It is no use/useless doing sth. 做某事是沒用的 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①There is no denying that the Internet is of great use in our daily life. ②As you know, it’s no use plaining (plain) without taking action. ③His success lies in the use that/which he can make of every chance to improve himself. 句式升級(jí) ④We must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons, for the final examination is ing. →Full_use_must_be_made_of_every_minute_to_go_over_our_lessons,_for the final examination is ing.(用full use作主語(yǔ)) [用準(zhǔn)]　make use of 短語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)為：動(dòng)詞＋名詞＋介詞； 需要關(guān)注兩種考查方式：(1)把use提前，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；(2)把use提前用作先行詞，其后接定語(yǔ)從句。 [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ⑤(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))每天下課后，我們學(xué)生和老師們都充分利用這個(gè)體育館做運(yùn)動(dòng)。 We students as well as our teachers make good use of the gymnasium to do sports after class every day. [句式集釋] 1．more ... than ... “與其說……倒不如說……” [教材原句]　It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. [悟拓展例句] (1)She was more_sad_than_angry when her son lied. 當(dāng)她的兒子撒謊時(shí)，與其說她生氣倒不如說她傷心。 (2)Fishing is more_than a sport; it’s an art. 釣魚不只是一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，它也是一門藝術(shù)。 (3)It’s a beautiful cottage not_more_than five minutes from the nearest beach. 那是一座漂亮的小屋，離最近的海灘不超過5分鐘的路程。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)more than＋數(shù)詞或從句　　　超過…… more than＋形容詞 非?！? more than＋名詞 不只是；不僅是 (2)no more than 只不過；僅僅 not more than 不超過；至多 注意事項(xiàng) more ... than ...結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)more后面的內(nèi)容，表示同一個(gè)人或事物的兩種特征對(duì)比。more和than后接兩個(gè)并列成分。 [背寫作佳句] (1)(2015重慶高考寫作)Learning that you are organizing this activity to share books worldwide, I am more than happy to apply for it.(開頭句) (2)(2015湖南高考寫作)I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me, saying that I was more diligent than clever.(要點(diǎn)句) 2．no such＋單數(shù)名詞，意為“沒有這樣的……” [教材原句]　Believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as standard English. [悟拓展例句] (1)There is no_such_thing_as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction. 世上沒有失敗，失敗只不過是生活試圖將我們推向另一個(gè)方向罷了。 (2)He was so responsible a teacher that we were all deeply moved. →He was such_a_responsible_teacher_that_we were all deeply moved. (3)I’ve never heard such_stories_as he told. 我從未聽過像他講的那樣的故事。 [析用法規(guī)則] 用法歸納 (1)no such＋單數(shù)名詞＋as ...“沒有像……這樣的” (2)such與a/an連用時(shí)要放在a/an的前面；與all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等詞連用時(shí)，應(yīng)位于它們的后面。 (3)such＋＋that ... “如此……以至于……” (4)such ... as ...“像……這樣的……”，as 在句中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 注意事項(xiàng) “no such＋單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中單數(shù)名 詞前不可再加冠 詞，相當(dāng)于“not such a(n)＋單數(shù)名詞”。 [背寫作佳句] (1)As we know, there’s no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(開頭句) (2)(2015安徽高考書面表達(dá))I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.(要點(diǎn)句) [詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 e up， because of， at present， make use of， the number of， such as， believe it or not， more than 1．They tried their best to make_use_of the chance that their school offered to study hard. 2．At_present,_there is no way of predicting what the longterm effects of the explosion will be. 3．It is partly because_of_her sick mother that she hasn’t taken the job abroad. 4．The question which came_up at the meeting was whether we had enough money. 5．—I’m more_than happy to take you there in my car. —You’re so nice. Thank you. 6．Believe_it_or_not,_we were left waiting in the rain for two hours. 7．It’s more useful to learn modern languages, such_as English and German, than Latin. 8．The_number_of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子/句型轉(zhuǎn)換 1．即便你讀起英語(yǔ)來很容易，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行會(huì)話是另一回事。(even if) Even_if_you_read_English_easily,_you’ll find it is another cup of tea to make conversation in English. 2．他們沒有回家，與其說我擔(dān)心倒不如說我生氣。(more ...than ...) I was more_angry_than_worried when they didn’t e home. 3．When I heard what the headteacher said, I was very glad and my heart beat wildly. →Hearing_what_the_headteacher_said,_I was more_than glad and my heart beat wildly.(分詞作狀語(yǔ)；高頻詞匯升級(jí)) 4．The book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand. →The book is written in_such_easy_English_that beginners can understand it.(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句) Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫 [寫作技法指導(dǎo)] 一、題型特點(diǎn) 1．總體特征 讀后續(xù)寫的閱讀材料一般為350詞左右的記敘文?？忌诖宋牡暮竺娼又m(xù)寫約150詞左右的文字與前文構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。一般來說，記敘文故事情節(jié)多曲折動(dòng)人，故事的邏輯性也較強(qiáng)。閱讀材料雖然不是一篇完整的文章，但是它淺顯易懂，內(nèi)容延伸性強(qiáng)。要求考生續(xù)寫的部分多是故事發(fā)展的高潮或結(jié)局。 2．主要類別 續(xù)寫一般分為兩類：半開放性續(xù)寫和完全開放性續(xù)寫。半開放性續(xù)寫要求考生務(wù)必根據(jù)文章的邏輯推理進(jìn)行續(xù)寫。完全開放性續(xù)寫則要求考生依據(jù)文章的思路自由發(fā)揮。 3．具體要求 續(xù)寫的具體要求：一是要注意詞數(shù)限制在150詞左右，且分兩段，這兩段中各段的詞數(shù)多少?zèng)]有限定。二是原文中給出約10處下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，考生務(wù)必使用至少5處。這一要求可使考生在不知道如何表達(dá)時(shí)，模仿閱讀材料中的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)，使續(xù)寫部分與原材料的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格接近，內(nèi)容連貫。三是要注意續(xù)寫時(shí)使用的時(shí)態(tài)要與原閱讀材料中的時(shí)態(tài)一致。 二、注意事項(xiàng)及續(xù)寫步驟 (一)注意事項(xiàng) 1．讀后續(xù)寫不是隨心所欲地寫，而是要在所給段落開頭語(yǔ)和所標(biāo)示關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的幫助下完成續(xù)寫部分。其中，段落開頭語(yǔ)與傳統(tǒng)寫作中的開頭語(yǔ)類似，在某種程度上引導(dǎo)你的思路向哪方面發(fā)展，所續(xù)寫部分不能脫離各自的段落開頭語(yǔ)另起爐灶，要在其基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行拓展發(fā)揮。寫作時(shí)還規(guī)定至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，這些關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)類似于傳統(tǒng)寫作中的要點(diǎn)提示。 2．續(xù)寫所給語(yǔ)言材料多是記敘文之故事類文章，情節(jié)曲折跌宕，線索性和邏輯性較強(qiáng)?？忌プ」适碌臄⑹戮€索，依據(jù)原文的寫作思路續(xù)寫文章，并適當(dāng)發(fā)散。 3．讀后續(xù)寫要求讀寫并重，需要考生對(duì)給定材料精確理解，這樣所續(xù)寫部分才不至于偏離主題。 4．續(xù)寫部分的思路和內(nèi)容并不一定是唯一的，考生可以根據(jù)自己對(duì)上文材料的理解，對(duì)文章的結(jié)尾做出不同的詮釋。 (二)續(xù)寫步驟 第一步：速讀全文 速讀閱讀材料和寫作要求，了解文章大意，推斷敘述意圖。 1．記敘類文章的文本大意(main idea)指文本的主要內(nèi)容，即圍繞主要人或物描述的主要事件及其結(jié)果。 2．記敘類文章的敘述意圖(purpose)指作者通過文本主要內(nèi)容傳遞給讀者的信息，可以是情，也可以是理。 第二步：細(xì)讀全文 1．為了使續(xù)寫部分和給定材料共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)邏輯銜接、情節(jié)完整的短文，必須在文本大意和敘述意圖的統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下分析所給文本的情景模式，即who, what, when, where, why(簡(jiǎn)稱5W)。 2．分析情景模式，從5W的角度梳理所給短文的主要內(nèi)容，即已經(jīng)發(fā)生了什么，為續(xù)寫的情節(jié)構(gòu)思提供依據(jù)與方向，避免與所給短文的主旨及情景模式發(fā)生沖突。 3．給原文中標(biāo)有下劃線的單詞或短語(yǔ)分類。為了使續(xù)寫部分的情節(jié)構(gòu)思有依據(jù)，所給短文大都提供10個(gè)帶有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。大多數(shù)關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)和續(xù)寫部分情景模式有關(guān)，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人/物等。 第三步：精心謀篇 分析首句，謀篇布局。以原文結(jié)尾為起點(diǎn)，分析兩段所給出的首句開頭，進(jìn)行初步的謀段構(gòu)思，得出各段的主旨大意，并預(yù)測(cè)故事的結(jié)局。根據(jù)確定好的段落大意，選出每一段可能要用到的原文中帶下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。結(jié)合這些關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，確定每一段的寫作要點(diǎn)。 第四步：初寫成文 按照第三步謀篇時(shí)確定好的寫作要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行初次寫作。寫作時(shí)要注意所用的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要與原材料一致。另外，還要注意盡可能地減少表達(dá)上的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。如果遇到語(yǔ)言上的表述困難，可多參考原閱讀材料中的有關(guān)語(yǔ)句。 第五步：潤(rùn)色升級(jí) 初寫成文后，要對(duì)文章進(jìn)行升級(jí)提升，用亮點(diǎn)詞匯代替一般詞匯，用高級(jí)句式代替一般句式。 第六步：復(fù)查定稿 完成續(xù)寫后，考生要根據(jù)以下幾點(diǎn)做好復(fù)查。 1．續(xù)寫部分與所給短文及段落開頭語(yǔ)的銜接程度。 2．內(nèi)容的豐富性和對(duì)所標(biāo)出關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的使用情況。 3．應(yīng)用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性。 4．續(xù)寫部分與所給短文在內(nèi)容上的連貫性與一致性。 [經(jīng)典案例示法] 閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。 Just the other day, I was walking around in a Big Bazaar store doing some shopping when I saw a cashier talking to a boy who couldnt have been more than 5 or 6 years old. The cashier said, “Im sorry, but you dont have enough_money to buy this doll.” Then the little boy turned to me, almost with tears in his eyes. I bent down and counted his cash, saying, “You know that you dont have enough money for the doll, my dear.” However, the boy was still holding the doll in his hands very firmly (牢牢地). It was clear that he wanted it very much. Finally, I asked him who he wished to give this doll to. “Its the doll that my little_sister loved most and wanted so much. I want to buy it for her. I have to give the doll to my mommy so that she can give it to my sister when she goes there.” His eyes were again so sad while telling me this. “My sister has gone to be with God. Daddy says that Mommy is going to see God very soon too, so I think she can take the doll with her to give it to my sister.” My heart nearly stopped. The little boy looked up at me and said, “I told my dad to ask Mommy not to go yet. I need her to wait until I e back from the mall.” Then he showed me a very nice photo of him. He said, “I want Mommy to take my picture with her so that my sister wont forget me. I love my mommy and I wish she wont leave me, but Dad says she has to go to see my little sister.” 注意：1.所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右； 2．至少使用5個(gè)短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)； 3．續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好； 4．續(xù)寫完成后，請(qǐng)用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。 Paragraph 1： Then the little boy looked again at the doll very quietly.　 　 　 　 Paragraph 2：