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第8練 名詞性從句 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．Theywantedtounderstandpaintedthepicturesandwhattheymightmean. 2．Ifirsthavetoremovealltherottenparts，andsometimes，isleftisn’tenoughformydesigns. 3．hehadleftwithoutsayingonewordreallymadeallofusfeeldeeplyhurt. 4．Therefore，itisadvisableyoushouldvalueandtreatthemwithcare. 5．Hiswritingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeoutitisthatheistryingtoexpress. 6．Onereasonistheairaroundyoumovesinfromsomewhereelse. 7．IdidnotwanttogetanythanksbutIhopedIdidcouldinspiresomeonetodothesameaswell. 8．Wenowrealizeimportantfamilyis，especiallywhenyouareraisingchildren. 9．Youhavetoknowyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwaytogetthere. 10．Itisoftenthecaseanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope. Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤) 11．MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive. 12．Yoursupportisveryimportanttoourwork，howeveryoucandohelps. 13．Onthefarmyoucancombineyouhavelearnedwithpracticetothefullest. 14．Afterarrivingatschool，Idiscussedwithsomeclassmatesthatwecoulddo. 15．ThatinterestsmemostisEnglishandIalwaysgetgoodgradesintheexams. 16．Itseemsthatiftheresultisbad，whichpeopleworkforwillbemeaningless. 17．Butheoncesaid，“Ihavefailedoverandoveragaininmylife.Andthat’sbecauseIsucceed.” 18．Wearethinkingaboutwhomcanbeadmittedintohisclub.Thenumberofmembersislimited. 19．Itisannouncedthattheawardwillgiventowhohasmadethelargestdonationtothecharity. 20．IknowwhatyouareinterestedinChinesefestivals，soIchooseanalbumofpapercuttingforyou. 技法總結(jié) 名詞性從句的考查主要集中在從句的引導(dǎo)詞上。首先要記住連接詞that，whether/if，as if/though，who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whomever，whatever，whichever，when，where，how，whenever，wherever，however等，然后分析它們在從句中的成分和它們所引導(dǎo)的從句在整個句子中的成分。 名詞性從句的解題思路： (1)找出主句，確定主句的謂語動詞，確定主句的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，查看句子成分是否缺失； (2)辨別哪部分是名詞性從句，確定從句的類型：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句還是同位語從句，判斷連接詞的使用。 (3)看名詞性從句中缺少什么成分，缺少什么補(bǔ)什么，如果什么都不缺，則用that。 能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A (2018廣東仲元中學(xué)等七校聯(lián)考) Traditionally，robotshavebeenhard，madeofmetalandotherrigidmaterial.ButateamofscientistsatHarvardUniversityintheUShasmanagedtobuildanentirelysoftrobot—onethatdrawsinspirationfromanoctopus(章魚)． DescribedinsciencejournalNature，the“Octobot”couldpavethewayformoreeffectiveautonomousrobotsthatcouldbeusedinsearch，rescueandexploration.“TheOctobotisminimalsystemwhichmayserveasafoundationforanewgenerationofcompletelysoft，autonomousrobots，”thestudy’sauthorswrote. Robotsbuiltforprecise，repetitivemovementsinacontrolledenvironmentdon’tdosowellonroughterrains(地形) orinunpredictableconditions.Andtheyaren’tespeciallysafearoundhumans，becausethey’remadeoutofhardandheavypartsthatcouldbepotentiallydangeroustotheirusers. Soresearchershavebeenworkingonbuildingsoftrobotsfordecades.They’retakeninspirationfromnature，lookingtoanimalsfromjellyfishtocockroaches，whichareoftenmadeupofmoreflexiblematter. Butcreatingacompletelysoftrobotremainsachallenge.Evenifengineersbuildasilicone(硅酮) body，it’sstillagrandchallengetoconstructflexibleversionsofessentialparts，suchasasourceofpower. “Althoughsoftroboticsisstillinitsearlystage，itholdsgreatpromiseforseveralapplications，suchassearchandrescueoperationsandexploration，”BarbaraMazzolaiandVirgilioMattolioftheItalianInstituteofTechnology’sCenterforMicroBioRobotics，wroteinacomment.“Softrobotsmightalsoopenupnewapproachestoimprovingwellnessandqualityoflife.” 21．What’sthespecialfeatureof“Octobot”？ A．It’ssoft. B．It’smadeofmetal. C．It’sverysmall. D．Itlookslikeanoctopus. 22．What’sthedisadvantageoftraditionalrobots? A．They’rehardtocontrol. B．They’retooheavytomove. C．Theycan’tpredictconditions. D．Theycan’tbehavewellallthetime. 23．OneofthebiggestchallengesistobuildOctobot’s. A．siliconebody B．complexcomponents C．precisemovements D．flexiblepowersource 24．Whatcanweinferabouttheapplicationof“Octobot”？ A．Ithasbeenusedinvariousfields. B．Ithasnotbeenputintouseonalargescale. C．Ithasbeenusedinthefieldofrescue. D．Ithasnotbeenimprovedyet. B (2018遼寧凌源三模) Asprovidersandcaretakers(監(jiān)護(hù)人)，adultstendtoviewthechildrenashappyandfree.Afterall，kidsdon’thavejobstokeeporbillstopay，sowhatdotheypossiblyhavetoworryabout? Plenty! Evenveryyoungchildrenhaveworriesandfeelstressfultosomedegree.Stressisafunctionofthedemandsplacedonus.Thesedemandsoftencomefromoutsidesources，suchasfamilies，jobs，friends，orschools.Buttheycanalsocomefromourfeelings，forexample，whatwethinkweshouldbedoingversuswhatwe’reactuallyabletodo. Stresscanaffectanyonewhofeelsataloss，evenkids.Forkidsinthekindergarten，separationfromparentscancauseanxiety.Askidsgetolder，academicandsocialpressuresalsocreatestress，especiallythosewhowanttofitintheirschoolareprobablytogetmorestress. Manykidsaretoobusytohavetimetoplaycreativelyorrelaxafterschool.Kidswhocomplainaboutalltheiractivitiesorwhorefusetotakepartinthemmightbetootiredandfullofstress.Talkwithkidsabouthowtheyfeelabouttheactivitiesrelatedtotheircourses.Iftheycomplain，youshouldconsiderstoppingoneactivityforaperiodoftime，oryoucanexplorewaystohelpthemmanagetheirtimeandlessentheiranxiety. Anothersourceofstressisworldnews.KidswhoseescaryimagesonTVorhearsomeonetalkofnaturaldisastersorwaysmayworryabouttheirownsafetyandthepeopletheylove.TalktothemaboutwhattheyseeandhearonTVtohelpthemunderstandwhat’sgoingon. What’smore，beawareofsomenegativefactors，suchasanillness，ordeathofalovedone.Whentheseareaddedtotheeverydaypressurekidsface，thestressmayappear.Separatedordivorcedparentsshouldneverputkidsinapositionofhavingtochoosewhotheywouldliketolivewith. 25．Whoisthemoststressedaccordingtothetext? A．Akidnotgettingmanygiftsonherbirthday. B．Akidnotgettingusedtotheschoollife. C．Akidlivingwithhisstrictparents. D．Akidfailinginmakingnewfriends. 26．What’sParagraph4mainlyabout? A．Waystohelpkidsrelievestress. B．Activitiestostaywithkids. C．Coursestohelpkidsrelax. D．Reasonsforkid’sfeelingstressed. 27．Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext? A．Worldnewsmaymakekidsworryabouttheircountries’safety. B．Kidswhobehavewellintheschoolhaven’tstress. C．Stressisnotverycommonandseriousamongchildren. D．Negativethingsanddailypressurecancausestress. 28．What’sthebesttitleforthetext? A．SourcesofStress B．EffectsofStress C．Children’sStress D．Students’Stress Ⅳ.完形填空 ThelastthingKimPowellWoodswantedforherbirthdaywasanewspaperstory.ButherdayonWednesdaywasjusttoo29toignore.Insteadofatraditionalcelebrationwithgiftsandabirthday30，thewomanwantedsmiles.Forher35thbirthday，shewoulddo35actsofrandomkindnessfor31.Shethoughtofitforacoupleweeksandsatdownoneafternoonandstartedmakingalistofthingsshecould32. Herjob—asa911operator—putherin33withpeoplewhowerehavingverybaddays.Shewanteda34whenshemighthelppeoplehavea35day.And，asasinglemotheroftwo，she36alotaboutwhatitwasliketobewithallkindsofproblems.So，she37togivepeoplealittlehelp.Shestartedat5a．m.Atagasstation，she38awoman，whowastryingtosellsomehouseholdthings.Sheneeded39tobuygastogettoworkinMomence.Kimpaidforthatgas.Itwouldbepartofthenearly$200shewould40Wednesday. Kimmadesomesandwichesthenightbeforeandpacked41forothersurprisedstrangers.Shegavethem42atthebusstopatnoon.Sherememberedwhatitwasliketoridethebusandhaveno43forlunch.Sheboughtsomebustokensforotherfolks.Otherreceivers44awaywithlotterytickets.She45droppedoffgiftsattheGiftofGodhomelessshelter.Herdaughtertoldheraboutastudentwho46aliftatherschool，soshetookmealsfromMcDonald’soutthere.Theonlydifficultyshemetwasanattendantwho47tomakechangeforher.48Kimmayhavebroughtsmilesto35faces，atleastonewomanwantednoneofKim’sbrandofgoodwill.“I’llprobablydothisagain，butI’llwaitforabigone，likemy40thbirthday，”shesaid.Andshemightgetherlaundromatchangeatabank. 29．A.strange B．frightening C．unusual D．surprising 30．A.gift B．cake C．meal D．bag 31．A.relatives B．strangers C．friends D．workers 32．A.offer B．buy C．sell D．do 33．A.touch B．conflict C．question D．concern 34．A.year B．week C．day D．time 35．A.bad B．similar C．good D．same 36．A.learned B．forgot C．knew D．got 37．A.asked B．suggested C．a(chǎn)llowed D．wanted 38．A.helped B．invited C．visited D．left 39．A.traffic B．money C．people D．paper 40．A.cost B．take C．bring D．spend 41．A.lunches B．dinners C．cash D．breakfasts 42．A.in B．up C．off D．a(chǎn)way 43．A.change B．intension C．plan D．wish 44．A.turned B．walked C．dashed D．laughed 45．A.also B．even C．so D．however 46．A.missed B．lost C．searched D．needed 47．A.tried B．failed C．refused D．succeeded 48．A.When B．While C．As D．If 答案解析 Ⅰ.1.who　2.what　3.That　4.that　5.what　6.that　7.what　8.how　9.where　10.that Ⅱ.11.MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetoIlive. 12．Yoursupportisveryimportanttoourwork，youcandohelps. 13．Onthefarmyoucancombineyouhavelearnedwithpracticetothefullest. 14．Afterarrivingatschool，Idiscussedwithsomeclassmateswecoulddo. 15.interestsmemostisEnglishandIalwaysgetgoodgradesintheexams. 16．Itseemsthatiftheresultisbad，peopleworkforwillbemeaningless. 17．Butheoncesaid，“Ihavefailedoverandoveragaininmylife.Andthat’sIsucceed.” 18．Wearethinkingaboutcanbeadmittedintohisclub.Thenumberofmembersislimited. 19．Itisannouncedthattheawardwillgiventohasmadethelargestdonationtothecharity. 20．IknowyouareinterestedinChinesefestivals，soIchooseanalbumofpapercuttingforyou. Ⅲ. 21．A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“an entirely soft robot—one that draws inspiration from an octopus(章魚)”可知，它的特點是柔軟。故選A。] 22．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“Robots built for precise，repetitive movements in a controlled environment don’t do so well on rough terrains(地形) or in unpredictable conditions.”可知，傳統(tǒng)機(jī)器人的缺點是它們不能一直表現(xiàn)得很好。故選D。] 23．D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“it’s still a grand challenge to construct flexible versions of essential parts，such as a source of power”可知，最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是建造章魚機(jī)器人的柔性電源，故選D。] 24．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Although soft robotics is still in its early stage，it holds great promise for several applications”可知，它還沒有大規(guī)模地投入使用。故選B。] 語篇解讀　本文主要講不僅僅大人有壓力，孩子也會有壓力。文章就孩子的壓力來自哪里進(jìn)行了闡述。 25．B　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“As kids get older，academic and social pressures also create stress，especially those who want to fit in their school are probably to get more stress.”可知，隨著孩子年齡的增長，學(xué)業(yè)和社會壓力也會給孩子帶來壓力，尤其是那些想要適應(yīng)學(xué)校生活的孩子可能會承受更多的壓力。故選B。] 26．A　[段落大意題。第四段說的是：當(dāng)孩子抱怨活動或者不想?yún)⒓舆@些活動的時候，很有可能是壓力太大了，這時候家長應(yīng)該想辦法來幫助孩子管理時間，減輕壓力。由此可知，第四段主要講如何幫助孩子緩解壓力。故選A。] 27．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“What’s more，be aware of some negative factors，such as an illness，or death of a loved one.When these are added to the everyday pressure kids face，the stress may appear.”可知，消極因素會給孩子帶來壓力。故選D。] 28．C　[標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀文章可知，第一段引入話題；第二段的“Plenty! Even very young children have worries and feel stressful to some degree.”明確主題，下文進(jìn)行了具體論述，整篇文章講的是孩子的壓力，故選C。] Ⅳ. 29．C　[根據(jù)后面的過生日不想要禮物和蛋糕而只要微笑可知，這個生日是過得很與眾不同的。unusual“不平常的”符合題意。] 30．B　[生日的典型特征是收到禮物和吃生日蛋糕，因為前面有了禮物，所以此處應(yīng)指蛋糕。] 31．B　[因為下文中主人公幫助的都是不認(rèn)識的人，所以此處strangers“陌生人”符合題意。relative親戚；friend朋友；worker工人。] 32．D　[句意為：Kim坐下來列出了她可以做的事情的單子。根據(jù)上一句中的“she would do 35 acts of random kindness for ”可知，此處應(yīng)表示她能做的事。do“做”符合題意。offer提供；buy買；sell賣。] 33．A　[作為911接線員，Kim與很多遇到問題的人產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系。put...in touch with使……與……有聯(lián)系，符合題意。conflict矛盾，沖突；question問題；concern擔(dān)心，關(guān)心。] 34．C　[根據(jù)第一段第二句“But her day on Wednesday was just too to ignore.”可知，此處表示這一天她想做些什么。] 35．C　[因為前文提到了Kim想看到人們的笑臉，可見她希望別人能夠有快樂的一天。] 36．C　[此處指的是作為有兩個孩子的單身母親，她知道很多處理問題的方法。know“知道，了解”符合題意。] 37．D　[根據(jù)上文的“She wanted a when she might help people have a day.”可知，此處應(yīng)表示她想要給別人一些幫助。want to do sth.想要做某事。] 38．A　[下文提到Kim幫助一位女士買汽油，所以此處help“幫助”符合題意。] 39．B　[根據(jù)后面的動詞“buy”可知，這里用money“錢”。] 40．D　[在生日這一天，Kim為了幫助人們自己花費了一些錢財。spend“花費”符合題意。] 41．A　[根據(jù)下一句“She gave them at the bus stop at noon.”可知，此處指Kim在頭一晚打包了一些午餐。] 42．D　[此處指Kim在公共汽車站贈送三明治。give away贈送。give in屈服；give up放棄；give off發(fā)出(熱、光等)。] 43．C　[準(zhǔn)備好的午餐是送給沒有計劃好的人。plan“計劃”符合題意。] 44．B　[在接受了饋贈以后，人們自然會走開。walk away“走開”符合題意。turn away避開；dash away跑開；laugh away付之一笑。] 45．A　[后面提到的事情也是Kim在生日那天做的。also“也”符合題意。] 46．D　[此處指她的女兒告訴她有個學(xué)生需要搭便車。need“需要”符合題意。] 47．C　[根據(jù)后面的“at least one woman wanted none of Kim’s brand of goodwill”可知，這位女士拒絕Kim的好意。refuse“拒絕”符合題意。] 48．B　[此處指盡管Kim給很多人帶來了快樂，但有一位女士拒絕了她的幫助。前后為讓步關(guān)系，因此while“雖然，盡管”符合題意。]