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Unit 1 Women of achievement (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．specialist n．　　　　　　　　 專家；專業(yè)工作者 2．emergency n．[縱聯(lián)1] 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況 3．welfare n. 福利；福利事業(yè) 4．modest adj. 謙虛的；謙讓的；適度的 5．project n. 項(xiàng)目；工程；規(guī)劃 6．rate n. 比率；速度 7．nest n. 巢；窩 8．bond n. 聯(lián)系；關(guān)系；結(jié)合；紐帶 9．outspoken adj. 直言的；坦誠(chéng) 10．career n. 事業(yè)；生涯 11．institute n. 學(xué)會(huì)；學(xué)院；協(xié)會(huì) 12．kindness n. 仁慈；好意 Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫其形 1．generation n．　[縱聯(lián)2] 一代；一輩 2．support n．&vt.[縱聯(lián)3] 支持；擁護(hù) 3．crowd n. 人群；觀眾 vt. 擠滿；使擁擠 4．campaign n. 運(yùn)動(dòng)；戰(zhàn)役 vi. 作戰(zhàn)；參加運(yùn)動(dòng) 5．deliver vt. 遞送；生(小孩兒)；接生； 發(fā)表(演說(shuō)等) 6．worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 7．respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意 8．childhood n. 童年；幼年時(shí)代 9．a(chǎn)udience n. 觀眾；聽眾；讀者 10．shade n. 蔭；陰涼處 vt. 遮住光線 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．a(chǎn)chievement n．成就；功績(jī)→achieve vt.完成；達(dá)到 2．connection n．連接；關(guān)系→connect vt.連接[縱聯(lián)4] 3．organization n．組織；機(jī)構(gòu)；團(tuán)體→organize vt.組織 4．behave vt.&vi.舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn)→behavio(u)r n．行為；舉止；習(xí)性 5．observe vt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守→observation n．觀察；觀測(cè) 6．a(chǎn)rgue vt.&vi.討論；辯論；爭(zhēng)論→argument n．爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵 7．inspire vt.鼓舞；激發(fā)；啟示→inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的→inspiration n．鼓舞；靈感 8．refer vi.談到；查閱；參考→reference n．提及；涉及；參考；查閱 9．sickness n．疾病；惡心→sick adj.生病的 10．intend vt.計(jì)劃；打算→intention n．打算；目的；意圖 11．considerate adj.考慮周到的→consider v．考慮；認(rèn)為→consideration n．考慮；體諒→considering prep.考慮到 縱聯(lián)1.以ency結(jié)尾的名詞 ①emergency 突發(fā)事件；緊急情況 ②efficiency效率；功效 ③fluency流暢 ④frequency頻繁；頻率 ⑤agency代理 縱聯(lián)2.后綴ation高頻名詞集錦 ①generation一代；一輩 ②inspiration靈感；鼓舞 ③celebration慶祝；慶典 ④congratulation祝賀 ⑤appreciation欣賞；感激 ⑥admiration羨慕；欽佩 ⑦expectation期望 ⑧adaptation適應(yīng)；改編本 ⑨consideration考慮 ⑩organization組織；機(jī)構(gòu) 縱聯(lián)3.“支持， 反對(duì)”表立場(chǎng) ①support n．&vt.支持 ②in favour of支持 ③agree v．贊成 ④approve v．贊成 ⑤argue against反對(duì) ⑥be against反對(duì) ⑦oppose v．反對(duì) 縱聯(lián)4.以tion結(jié)尾的名詞 ①connection連接；關(guān)系 ②suggestion建議 ③construction建造；建設(shè) ④pollution污染 ⑤protection保護(hù) ⑥addiction沉溺；愛(ài)好 ⑦attention注意；留心 ⑧introduction介紹 單元話題——個(gè)人情況(1) 子話題1　外表 ①plain adj. 樸素的；簡(jiǎn)單的 ②elegant adj. 文雅的；漂亮的 ③grey/gray adj. 灰色的；灰白的 ④pale adj. 蒼白的；灰白的 ⑤fair adj. (膚色)白皙的 ⑥figure n. 體形；身材 ⑦overweight adj. 超重的；過(guò)重的 ⑧slim adj. 苗條的 子話題2　 表情 ①facial adj. 面部的 ②cheerful adj. 興高采烈的 ③desperate adj. 絕望的 ④numb adj. 麻木的 ⑤frightened/scared adj. 害怕的 ⑥embarrassed adj. 尷尬的 ⑦sympathetic adj. 同情的 ⑧indifferent adj. 冷漠的 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A)Since 1962, Pacific Science Center has been 　?　 (inspire) a passion (熱情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquirybased science education to classrooms and munity events all over Washington State.It’s an amazing acplishment and one we cannot achieve? without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social 　?　 (organize)． ①用inspire的適當(dāng)形式填空：inspiring ②寫出加彩詞在本單元的同根名詞：achievement，意為“成就”，此詞和句中的“acplishment”同義 ③用organize的適當(dāng)形式填空：organizations 2．(2015重慶高考閱讀E)In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued? that because “the general principles of taste are uniform (不變的) in human nature，” the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed? that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries. ①寫出加彩詞在句中的含義：主張 ②寫出加彩詞在本單元的同根名詞：observation 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞翻譯句子) 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))就我個(gè)人而言， 用餐時(shí)，你應(yīng)該注意你的行為舉止。(behaviour) As_far_as_I’m_concerned,_you_should_mind_your_behaviour_during_the_meal. 2．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))在中國(guó)， 我們認(rèn)為尊敬長(zhǎng)輩是很重要的。(respect n．) In_China,_we_attach_great_importance_to_showing_respect_for_the_elderly. 3．(2016江蘇高考書面表達(dá))因此，應(yīng)該制訂網(wǎng)絡(luò)投票的規(guī)則并嚴(yán)格遵守。(observe) Therefore,_rules_of_online_voting_should_be_worked_out_and_strictly_observed. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 1．behave vt.&vi.舉動(dòng)；(舉止或行為)表現(xiàn) [記牢] (1)behave well/badly to/towards sb.　 對(duì)待某人好/差 behave oneself 守規(guī)矩；表現(xiàn)得體 (2)wellbehaved adj. 表現(xiàn)好的 badlybehaved adj. 表現(xiàn)差的 (3)behavio(u)r n. 行為；舉止；習(xí)性 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us very disappointed. ②Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general, I was quite pleased with his behavio(u)r.(behave) ③Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves (they)． 單句改錯(cuò) ③Students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave them. them→themselves [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④與此同時(shí)，政府有必要鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诠矆?chǎng)所舉止行為要表現(xiàn)良好。 Meanwhile, it is necessary for the government to_encourage_people_to_be_wellbehaved in public places. 2．observe vt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守；慶祝；注意到 [辨清]　寫出下列句中observe的含義 ①Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still observe the traditional customs.遵守 ②It is a tradition for the people here to observe the Spring Festival.慶祝 ③The scientist devoted most of his lifetime to observing the behavior of the chimps.觀察 ④The thief was observed to open the window and run away.注意到 [記牢] (1)observe sb.do sth. 觀察/注意到某人做某事(全過(guò)程) observe sb.doing sth.　 觀察/注意到某人正在做某事 observe that ... 觀察…… (2)observe the traffic rules 遵守交通規(guī)則 observe Christmas Day 過(guò)圣誕節(jié) [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ⑤The guard observed a young man stealing (steal) from the office, and he tried to approach him quietly. ⑥It is everyone’s duty to_observe (observe) the traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track. [用準(zhǔn)]　observe后跟不帶to的不定式或v.ing作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，即observe sb. do/doing sth.，不能說(shuō)observe sb. to do sth.。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中必須帶to，即sb./sth. be observed to do sth.。 [寫美]　句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ⑦(2017北京高考書面表達(dá))On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed that the sun was rising from the sea. →On the top of Mountain Tai, people excitedly observed_the_sun_rising_from_the_sea. 3．respect vt.&n.尊敬；尊重；敬意；細(xì)節(jié)；方面；問(wèn)候 [記牢] (1)respect sb. for sth.　　　 因某事而尊敬或敬重某人 (2)have/show respect for sb. 對(duì)某人表示尊敬或敬重 give/send one’s respects to 代某人向……問(wèn)候 in respect of/with respect to 關(guān)于；就……而言 out of respect for ... 出于對(duì)……的尊敬；顧及 (3)respected adj. 受人尊敬的；受敬重的 respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①I hope airlines can show more respect for passengers and improve service. ②The moment you meet your parents, please give my respects (respect) to them. 補(bǔ)全句子 ③Chinese children grow up with warnings not to waste a single grain of rice, out_of_respect_for_farmers_labor. 中國(guó)的孩子從小就受到告誡，不要浪費(fèi)一粒米，這是出于對(duì)農(nóng)民勞動(dòng)的尊重。 [用準(zhǔn)]　respect表示“尊重；敬重”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞；表示“細(xì)節(jié)；方面”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞；表示“敬意；問(wèn)候”時(shí)，多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 [寫美]　句式升級(jí) ④We respect our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us. →We show_respect_for our English teacher, whose modesty and good behaviour make a deep impression on us. 4．a(chǎn)rgue vi.&vt.爭(zhēng)論；辯論；討論；證明；主張；認(rèn)為 [記牢] (1)argue for/against sth.　　　 據(jù)理力爭(zhēng)/反對(duì)某事 argue with sb.on/about/over sth. 與某人爭(zhēng)論某事 argue sb.into/out of doing sth. 說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事 argue that ... 主張/認(rèn)為…… (2)argument n. 爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；爭(zhēng)吵；論據(jù) beyond argument 無(wú)可辯解 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①I regretted arguing with her about such a small question. ②After a long time of discussion they accepted the agreement without argument (argue)． ③As our family ine decreased, father argued against an increase in our pocket money. ④(20176月浙江高考)The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures. [寫美]　一句多譯 我們想方設(shè)法勸說(shuō)他接受我們的建議，但都是徒勞。 ⑤We tried many ways to_argue_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(argue) ⑥We tried many ways to_persuade_him_to_follow/to_persuade_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(persuade) ⑦We tried many ways to_talk_him_into_following our advice, but in vain.(talk) [聯(lián)想]　“說(shuō)服某人做某事”的其他表達(dá)形式： ①persuade sb.to do sth.?、趐ersuade sb.into doing sth. ③convince sb.to do sth. ④talk sb.into doing sth. 5．support vt.&n.支持；擁護(hù)；贍養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)活 [記牢] (1)support a family/oneself 養(yǎng)家糊口/自力更生 support sb.in (doing) sth. 在某方面支持某人(做)某事 (2)in support of sb./sth. 支持或擁護(hù)某人/某事 with one’s support 在某人的支持下 e to one’s support 來(lái)支持某人 (3)supporter n. 支持者 [練通] 單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①His suggestions put forward at the meeting were_supported by his supporters.(support) ②With his wife’s support, Mr Wang contributed a lot of money to the people in the stricken area. 同義替換 ③Feeding (＝Supporting) such a large family is really a heavy load for her. 補(bǔ)全句子 ④When he was about to give up the struggle, his panions came_to_his_support. 正當(dāng)他要放棄斗爭(zhēng)之際，他的同伴們來(lái)支持他了。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑤只有少數(shù)人支持他的計(jì)劃，這使他很失望。 Only_a_few_people_were_in_support_of_his_plan,_which_made_him_very_disappointed. 6．intend vt.計(jì)劃；打算 [記牢] (1)intend doing/to do sth. 打算做某事 intend sb. to do sth. 打算讓某人做某事 had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth. 本來(lái)打算做某事(但實(shí)際未做) (2)be intended to do/for ... 專門為……；專門給…… (3)intention n. 意圖；目的；打算 with an/the intention of 抱有……的目的；打算…… [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ①I had_intended (intend) to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time. ②The school being built at present is said to be intended for the disabled children. ③To improve our English and get more students interested in English, I intend to_organize/organizing (organize) some activities at school. [寫美]　句式升級(jí) The program was set up with the intention of helping the homeless. →④The program, which_was_intended_to_help_the_homeless,_was set up.(intend，定語(yǔ)從句) →⑤The program, intended_to_help/helping_the_homeless,_was set up. (intend，分詞作定語(yǔ)) [詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．My son is always praised by his teachers because he behaves (表現(xiàn)) well at school. 2．The Chinese people observe (慶祝) the Spring Festival from generation to generation. 3．The headmaster delivered (發(fā)表) an important speech at the meeting yesterday，which left a deep impression on his students. 4．(2018天津高考)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired (激勵(lì)) scientists to explore the outer space. 5．I intended (打算) to have bought a car last month, but I was short of money. 6．The medicine should be kept in the shade (陰涼處), or they will lose effectiveness. 7．Because of his hard work, the boy has made much progress in his academic achievements (成就)． 8．As an educational specialist (專家), his grandmother is always invited to give lectures around the country. 9．A heated argument (爭(zhēng)論) broke out between the husband and his wife last night. 10．In his childhood (童年), Li Ming lived a happy life though his family wasn’t rich. Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．There is little connection (connect) between the two boys even though they look much alike. 2．The voluntary group is supported by quite a few public organizations (organize) in the country. 3．We have rich and colourful entertainments (entertain) after class, according to our own hobbies. 4．He was left behind because of his sickness (sick) when his classmates went camping. 5．The girl from the United States was widely respected (respect) for what she had done. 6．Having a large family to_support (support), he took up two parttime jobs in his spare time. 7．On the National Day, the streets are_crowded (crowd) with a large number of people. 8．He managed to confirm that it was worthwhile to_start/starting (start) a campaign to protect our environment. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子/一句多譯 1．我說(shuō)服她不要在如此糟糕的天氣里出去。(argue) I argued_her_out_of going out in such bad weather. 2．在過(guò)去的幾年里，中國(guó)在環(huán)保方面取得了巨大成就。(achievement) In the last few years, China has_made_great_achievements in environmental protection. 3．今天下午市長(zhǎng)將給來(lái)訪外賓發(fā)表演說(shuō)。(deliver) The mayor will deliver_a_speech_to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon. 4．無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事情，我將永遠(yuǎn)支持你。 ①No matter what happens, I will support_you forever.(support) ②No matter what happens, I will stand_by_you forever.(stand) ③No matter what happens, I will be_in_favour_of_you forever.(favour) Ⅳ.語(yǔ)境辨義 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選出動(dòng)詞deliver的詞義 (A)分娩　　(B)送貨；遞送　　(C)發(fā)表　　(D)接生 1．I can deliver my books to some specific person, which means I can know where my books go and who likes reading the same books as me.__B__ 2．Ten students will deliver their speeches on the given topic “Man and Nature”．__C__ 3．It was lucky that she was delivered of a healthy baby.__A__ 4．The baby was delivered by a famous doctor last Saturday.__D__ (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．move_off [串記1]　　 離開；起程；出發(fā) 2．lead/live_a_..._life 過(guò)著……的生活 3．crowd_in (想法、問(wèn)題等)涌上心頭；涌入腦海 4．look_down_upon/on 蔑視；瞧不起 5．refer_to 查閱；參考；談到；提及 6．by_chance 碰巧；湊巧 7．e_across (偶然)遇見；碰見 8．carry_on [串記2] 繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持 9．devote_..._to_... 獻(xiàn)身于……；專心于…… 10．work_out 解決；鍛煉身體；結(jié)果是 [同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi) 串記1.“v.＋off”短語(yǔ)速記 ①move off　　　　　　　　 離開；起程；出發(fā) ②pay off 還清；取得好結(jié)果 ③put off 推遲 ④give off 發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等) ⑤take off 起飛；脫掉 ⑥set off 出發(fā)；爆炸 串記2.“v.＋on”短語(yǔ)聚焦 ①carry on繼續(xù)；堅(jiān)持 ②work on繼續(xù)工作 ③move on前進(jìn) ④try on試穿 ⑤keep on繼續(xù) ⑥r(nóng)ely on依賴； 依靠 ⑦take on呈現(xiàn) ⑧depend on依賴； 依靠 1．a(chǎn)s a way of　　　　　　　　　 　 作為……的一種方式 2．e to help 援助；幫助 3．set up 建立 4．be intended for 專門為…… 5．a(chǎn)s well as 也；和；并且 6．travel abroad to study 到國(guó)外留學(xué) 7．concern oneself with welfare projects 關(guān)心福利項(xiàng)目 8．in the shade of the trees 在樹蔭下 1．Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was_she_allowed_to begin her project. 她母親頭幾個(gè)月來(lái)幫她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計(jì)劃。 2．Once_I_stop,_it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下來(lái)，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。 3．Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 突然我想起在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么困難啊。 4．Further reading made me realize that it_was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. 進(jìn)一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進(jìn)了醫(yī)學(xué)院的大門。 [學(xué)考對(duì)接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的短語(yǔ)(補(bǔ)全句子) 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅲ閱讀C)Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred_to (稱作) as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. 2．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ語(yǔ)法填空)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry_on (繼續(xù)) with her education. 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的句式(翻譯句子) 1．(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))只有你對(duì)中國(guó)的餐桌禮儀有更好的了解，你才能表現(xiàn)得體。(only位于句首的倒裝句) Only_when_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_Chinese_table_manners_can_you_behave_properly. 2．(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))一旦你掌握了方法，剪紙就不難學(xué)了。 Papercutting_is_easy_to_learn_once_you_master_the_methods. (二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑 [短語(yǔ)集釋] 1．look down upon/on蔑視；輕視；瞧不起 [記牢] look up to　　　　　 尊敬；仰視 look forward to 盼望；期待 look into 調(diào)查；觀察；窺視 look up 抬頭看；查閱 look back on 回憶；回顧 look out (for ...) 注意；留意；留神(……) look through 瀏覽；仔細(xì)查看 [練通]　用look的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空 ①I often look_up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet. ②We shouldn’t look_down_upon/on the disabled; on the contrary, we should help them. ③I looked_through today’s newspaper but I found nothing important. ④I like to look_back_on my high school days, which were the happiest in my life. ⑤The reason why I look_up_to the artist is that his works are inspiring. [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑥同時(shí)，我期待著盡快收到您的回信。 Meanwhile,_I_am_looking_forward_to_hearing_from_you_as_soon_as_possible. 2．refer to提及；談到；參考；查閱；提交；把……稱作…… [辨清]　寫出下列句中refer to的含義 ①If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.查閱 ②Your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are preparing for a test.參考 ③We have reached an agreement that we will not refer to the matter again.提及 [記牢] (1)refer to ... as ...　　　 把……稱作…… refer ... to ... 把……提交給……； 讓(人)參考…… (2)reference n. 提及；參考；查閱 reference book 參考書；工具書 [練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空 ④People who work in offices are usually referred to as “white collar workers”． ⑤You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future reference (refer)． ⑥As the situation was unusual, he referred the matter to the editor. [用準(zhǔn)]　(1)refer的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞分別為：referred, referred, referring。 (2)“查詞典”可表達(dá)為：refer to the dictionary; consult the dictionary; look up a word in the dictionary; search through a dictionary等。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑦(2015天津高考書面表達(dá))課本和詞典可以用作參考書籍然而雜志當(dāng)作閱讀材料。 The_textbooks_and_dictionaries_can_be_used_as_reference_books_while_the_magazines_serve_as_reading_materials. [句式集釋] 1．once引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一旦……就……” [教材原句]　Once_I_stop,_it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. [悟拓展例句] (1)Once_you_begin_to_do_something,_you must carry on with it, otherwise you will never achieve anything. 一旦你開始做某件事情，你必須堅(jiān)持下去，否則你將不會(huì)有所收獲。 (2)You will_be (be) successful in the interview once you have confidence. (3)Once it is lost, the good chance may never e again. →Once_lost,_the good chance may never e again.(省略) [析用法規(guī)則] 若once 引導(dǎo)的從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式或從句為“it be ...”形式時(shí)，從句中的“主語(yǔ)＋be”或“it be”可以省略。 [背寫作佳句] (1)Once the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(要點(diǎn)句) (2)We must understand that a habit is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get rid of once it is formed.(要點(diǎn)句) 2．it hit/hits sb.＋從句 [教材原句]　Suddenly it_hit_me_how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. [悟拓展例句] (1)It happens that he told me not to depend on fortune, but on conduct. (2)It hits (hit) me that nothing is more precious than health. [析用法規(guī)則] it作形式主語(yǔ)的其他常用句型： It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想到…… It strikes/struck sb. that ... 某人突然想到…… It happens/happened that ... 碰巧…… [背寫作佳句] (1)(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))It hit/struck me that I had forgotten our appointment.(要點(diǎn)句) (2)It occurred to me that I had wasted too much precious time.(要點(diǎn)句) [詞塊、句式過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 1．(2016天津高考)I hate it when she calls me at work — I’m always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her. 2．Everything has been well prepared for the scientific research and the team is about to move_off. 3．As soon as the supermarket opened its door, people crowded_in it and struggled for their purchases. 4．Last month I came_across my old school friend on the flight to Beijing. 5．You can refer_to this dictionary if you have any difficulty in learning English. 6．Don’t look_down_upon any people around you since each of them is equal and important in this world. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示和要求補(bǔ)全句子 1．只有當(dāng)他告訴我這個(gè)消息時(shí)我才知道真相。(倒裝句) Only when he told me the news did_I_know_the_truth. 2．他一旦作出決定，我們就無(wú)法使他改變他的想法。(once引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句) We cannot make him change his mind once_he_has_made_a_decision. 3．就在她正要上床睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候，電話鈴響了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) It_was_when_she_was_about_to_go_to_bed_that the telephone rang. 4．我突然想起，我把她的生日給忘了。(hit) It_hit_me_all_of_a_sudden_that I had forgotten her birthday. Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文分步寫作 假定你是新華中學(xué)的高三學(xué)生李華，你校的外教Mr.Pearson開設(shè)了一個(gè)英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)班(English Tutorial)，可根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際需要進(jìn)行輔導(dǎo)。報(bào)名者須根據(jù)個(gè)人實(shí)際情況提出申請(qǐng)并選擇輔導(dǎo)內(nèi)容。請(qǐng)你給外教寫一封電子郵件申請(qǐng)加入輔導(dǎo)班。內(nèi)容主要包括： 1．介紹個(gè)人情況； 2．說(shuō)明輔導(dǎo)意向(如口語(yǔ)、語(yǔ)法、寫作、文化知識(shí)等其中的一項(xiàng))； 3．表達(dá)愿望。 注意：1．詞數(shù)80左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 3．郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Mr. Pearson， Im more than delighted that you have started English Tutorial.　 　 　 Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點(diǎn) 本寫作是一封申請(qǐng)信，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，人稱為第一人稱。文章可分三個(gè)層次：開頭應(yīng)點(diǎn)明寫信的緣由——申請(qǐng)加入輔導(dǎo)班，為介紹個(gè)人情況和說(shuō)明輔導(dǎo)意向做鋪墊，避免直接介紹個(gè)人情況帶來(lái)的生硬突兀。主體部分介紹個(gè)人情況及說(shuō)明輔導(dǎo)意向發(fā)揮空間大，寫作時(shí)應(yīng)化大為小，細(xì)化處理，可從英語(yǔ)掌握方面介紹個(gè)人情況，以語(yǔ)法為例，指出語(yǔ)法很難，想要輔導(dǎo)語(yǔ)法。結(jié)尾表達(dá)愿望和感謝。 要點(diǎn)1：我寫信申請(qǐng)上英語(yǔ)輔導(dǎo)班。 Im_writing_to_apply_for_the_membership_of_the_English_Tutorial. 要點(diǎn)2－①：我是李華，新華中學(xué)高三年級(jí)的一名學(xué)生。 Im_Li_Hua,_a_Senior_3_student_of_Xinhua_Middle_School. 要點(diǎn)2－②：我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)近六年了，我仍然沒(méi)有掌握好它。 I_have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years.Im_still_not_good_at_it. 要點(diǎn)2－③：我發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法很難。 I_find_the_grammar_is_difficult. 要點(diǎn)3－①：我確信，在您的幫助下，我的語(yǔ)法可以大大提高。(convince) Im_convinced_that_my_grammar__can_be_greatly_improved_with_your_help. 要點(diǎn)3－②：如果您能考慮我的申請(qǐng)我將感激不盡。(take ... into account) Id_appreciate_it_if_you_could_take_my_application_into_account. 第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達(dá)更亮眼 為了使文章內(nèi)容更充實(shí)，我們需要對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行適度拓展和升級(jí)，以使表達(dá)更亮眼?？捎胻hough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)要點(diǎn)2－②；用“so ... that”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句拓展要點(diǎn)2－③。 升級(jí)要點(diǎn)2－②：雖然我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)近六年了，但我仍然沒(méi)有掌握好它。(though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句) Though I have_been_learning_English_for_nearly_six_years,_Im_still_not_good_at_it. 拓展要點(diǎn)2－③：我發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法很難，以至于我必須花很多時(shí)間在上面。(so