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第19練 世界與環(huán)境 基礎(chǔ)鞏固 Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空 1．Theamountofwaterwhichissuitable____________(drink) islessandlessnow. 2．Nowmoreandmorepeoplepaymoreattentiontohow____________(save) water. 3．Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，itbecomesmoreimportant____________(protect) ourenvironment. 4．InChinaalotofriversandlakesare____________(serious) pollutedbysomefactories. 5．Somewastewaterhasbeenpouredintoriversandlakes，____________(kill) alargenumberoffish. 6．Ifeveryonemakesacontributiontoprotectingtheenvironment，theworld____________(become) muchmorebeautiful. 7．Howtoprotectourenvironmenthasbeenoneofthemostdifficult____________(problem) intheworld. 8．Weshouldplantmoreandmoretreesinordertolivebetterand____________(healthy) inthefuture. 9．Itishightimethatthegovernment____________(take) somemeasurestoreducepollution. 10．____________thewholethewarmingoftheearthisaphenomenonthatcausesgreatconcern. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤) 11．Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesproduceharmfulgases. 12．Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives. 13．Ifwedon’tsavewater，lastdropofwaterwillbeateardropofus. 14．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveralmeasuretoreducetheheavypollution. 15．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive. 16．Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthsoitisourhome. 17．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostofthemarebeyondourcontrol. 18．You’dbeexposedtoalotlittlepollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair. 19．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings. 20．Nobodyknowsexactwhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime. 話題詞匯 1．pollution n．污染 2．a(chǎn)tmosphere n．大氣，氣氛 3．consequence n．結(jié)果，后果 4．a(chǎn)ttach great importance to...十分重視…… 5．be aware of...意識(shí)到…… 6．damage v．毀壞 7．make a difference有影響 8．environment n．環(huán)境 9．suffer v．受苦，遭受 10．cause v．導(dǎo)致 能力提升 Ⅲ.閱讀理解 A (2018安徽皖北協(xié)作區(qū)聯(lián)考) Todaytropicalrainforestsaredisappearingfromthefaceoftheglobe.Despitegrowinginternationalconcern，rainforestscontinuetobedestroyedatapaceover80,000acresperday.Worldrainforestcovernowstandsataround2.5millionsquaremiles.Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectonmuchofthisremainingarea. Deforestation(森林濫伐) oftropicalrainforestshasaglobaleffectthroughspeciesextinction，thelossofimportantecosystemservicesandrenewableresources，andthereductionofcarbonsinks.However，thisdestructioncanbeslowed，stopped，andinsomecasesevenreversed(逆轉(zhuǎn))．Mostpeopleagreethattheproblemmustbesolved，butthemeansarenotassimpleasbuildingfencesaroundtheremainingrainforestsorbanningthewoodtrade.Economic，political，andsocialpressureswillnotallowrainforeststocontinuetoexistiftheyarecompletelyclosedofffromuseanddevelopment. So，whatshouldbedone？Thesolutionmustbebasedonwhatispractical，notcompletelyidealisticanddependsondevelopingaconservationapproachbuiltontheprincipleofsustainable(可持續(xù)的) useanddevelopmentofrainforests.Beyondtheresponsibledevelopmentofrainforests，effortstorestoredamagedforestlandsalongwiththeestablishmentofprotectedareasarekeytosecuringrainforestsforthelongtermbenefitstheycanprovideformankind. Historicapproachestorainforestconservationhavefailed，asshownbytheincreasedrateofdeforestation.Inmanyregions，closingoffforestsasuntouchableparksandreserveshasneitherimprovedthequalityoflivingoreconomicopportunitiesfortheruralpoor，norstoppedforestclearingbyillegalwoodcuttersanddevelopers. Theproblemwiththistraditionalapproachtopreservingwildlandsindevelopingcountriesisthatitfailstodeveloppropereconomicmotivesforpreservingtheforest.Localpeopleandthegovernmentitselfmustseefinancialreturnstoprovethecostsofmaintainingparksfromeconomicactivities. 21．Whathascausedsomespeciesextinctioninthetropicalrainforests? A．Humans’destroyingthetrees. B．Carbonsinksbeingreduced. C．Lackingrenewableresources. D．Fencesnotbeingbuiltaroundtherainforests. 22．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A．Tropicalrainforestscanbeeasilypreserved. B．Rainforestsmustbeclosedofftobebetterprotected. C．Humanactivitieshavehadaneffectontropicalrainforests. D．Economicreturnscanmakeadifferenceinprotectingtropicalrainforests. 23．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetotropicalrainforestprotection? A．Indifferent. B．Concerned. C．Doubtful. D．Puzzled. 24．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage? A．Toshowthebadeffectsofdeforestation. B．Tostresstheimportanceoftherainforests. C．Toappealforrightwaystosavetherainforests. D．Tointroducethefactofforestsdisappearing. B Forcenturies，elephantshaveplayedabigroleintheworld’seconomies，culturesandreligions.TheAfricanelephantsusedtobefoundalloverAfricaandtheAsianelephantsmovedfromSyriatoChinatoIndonesia.Nowadays，elephantsarefoundinsmallgroupsinthesouthoftheSaharaDesertandscarcelyinSoutheastAsia，SriLankaandIndia. Intheearlytwentiethcentury，therewereclosetotenmillionelephants，andnowtheelephantnumberisaslowas252,000andexpectedtodropdownto160,000by2025.Between2007and2014，theelephantpopulationfellbyatleast30%，or144,000elephants.AsresearchershavetraveledovertheAfricanplains，theyonlyspottedoneherdof36elephantsinanarealikethesizeofMexico.Itisclearthatthesegentlemammalsaredisappearingrightbeforeoureyes. Therearemanyreasonswhytheelephantpopulationhasbeendecreasing，oneofwhichistheirhabitat.Humansarecompetingwithelephantsforlivingspace，andasmoreandmorehumansclearthelandthatisbeingusedbyelephants，theelephantshavelessspace.Elephanthuntingor“poaching”hasbeenamajorfactorforthedisappearanceofthisspecies，andtheyarekilledonlyfortheirvaluableivorytusks.Althoughthetradeoftusksisillegal，itisstillacommonpracticeinmanyplaces. Often，allthelocalpeoplelivingamongelephantswouldbefarmers，andfoundthattheycouldmakemoremoneybysellingthetusksofoneelephantthandoingmanuallaborfortwelveyears.Thatalonemakesitreallyhardtopreventthemfromkillingtheelephants. SomeplacessuchasBotswana，haveputinextraefforttoprotecttheirwildlifefrompoachersbyfoundingtheirBotswanaDefenseForce，whichismadeupofaround700speciallytrainedsoldiersthatarestationedin40differentareas.Youmayfeelworriedaboutthepresentsituationselephantsarein，buttherearewaystohelp.Tofindouthowyoucanhelpelephantconservation，adoptanelephant，ordonate，clickhere. 25．ThenumberslistedinParagraph2showthat________. A．humansdon’tcareforelephants B．elephantshavebeennexttoextinction C．elephantshavebecomegentlerthanbefore D．elephantshavegainedmoreattention 26．Whatisthebiggestfactorforthedisappearingelephants? A．Lessspace.　 B．Alackoffood. C．Sufferingfromadisease.　 D．Elephanthunting. 27．Whyisithardtobankillingtheelephantsamongthefarmers? A．Theirtusksareprofitable. B．Elephantsaredestroyingtheirfieldscruelly. C．Farmershopetomakealivingbysellingtheirmeat. D．Farmerspracticetheirhuntingskillsbykillingelephants. 28．Whatisthepurposeofthistext? A．Topersuadereaderstomakeadonation. B．Toguidereadershowtoprotectelephants. C．Toencouragereaderstohelpprotectelephants. D．Tointroducethedecreasingnumberofelephants. Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò) (2018廣東湛江二模) Whatissomethingyoucan’tseebutisallaroundyou？Whatholdanairplaneinthesky？Theanswerwithallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan’tseeair，butyouknowit’sthere.Youcanfeelthem.Airisamixtureofinvisiblegas.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens？Yourchestrisessoyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also，thetiresonbikes，cars，trucksandbusesneedairtokeeproll.Theatmosphereblocksoutmuchofthesun’sharmfulrays.The atmosphere traps the heat from the sun.It makes our world warmly enough for life to grow. 答案解析 Ⅰ.1.todrink　2.tosave　3.toprotect　4.seriously　5.killing6．willbecome　7.problems　8.healthier　9.shouldtake/took10．On Ⅱ.11.Thegovernmentshouldtakeactiontostopthesefactoriesharmfulgases. 12．Asweallknow，environmentalproblemsdirectlyaffectaboutthequalityofpeople’slives. 13．Ifwedon’tsavewater，lastdropofwaterwillbeateardropofus. 14．Thevillagersurgedthegovernmenttotakeseveraltoreducetheheavypollution. 15．Withouttheshadefromthetrees，theearthwouldgettoohottolive. 16．Eachofusshouldtryourbesttoprotecttheearthitisourhome. 17．Thegrowingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors，mostofarebeyondourcontrol. 18．You’dbeexposedtoalotpollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair. 19．Nowadaysmanyfactoriesproducelargeamountsofchemicalsarepoisonoustohumanbeings. 20．Nobodyknowswhyandhowdinosaursdisappearedfromtheearthinsuchashorttime. Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)篇解讀　如今，熱帶雨林正面臨嚴(yán)重的生存危機(jī)，為世界敲響了環(huán)保警鐘。人類應(yīng)采取更加實(shí)際、有效的措施來(lái)保護(hù)熱帶雨林。 21．A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Deforestation(森林濫伐) of tropical rainforests has a global effect through species extinction”可知，人類對(duì)熱帶雨林的濫砍濫伐導(dǎo)致熱帶雨林一些物種的滅絕。故選A。] 22．D　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Economic，political，and social pressures will not allow rainforests to continue to exist if they are completely closed off from use and development.”可推知經(jīng)濟(jì)效益對(duì)保護(hù)熱帶雨林有一定影響。故選D。] 23．B　[觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段和第四段的內(nèi)容可知，作者講述了熱帶雨林正在消失的現(xiàn)狀并提出了一些保護(hù)措施已經(jīng)無(wú)效的問(wèn)題。由此可以推斷出作者對(duì)熱帶雨林保護(hù)持擔(dān)憂的態(tài)度。故選B。] 24．C　[寫(xiě)作目的題。通讀全文并根據(jù)最后兩段可知，作者認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)的保護(hù)熱帶雨林的方法無(wú)效，呼吁大家分享合適的保護(hù)措施。故選C。] 語(yǔ)篇解讀　本文主要講了大象在經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和宗教上都起了很重要的作用，而現(xiàn)在由于種種原因，大象的數(shù)量在急劇減少。作者在這里呼吁人們保護(hù)野生大象。 25．B　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的數(shù)據(jù)252 000,160 000,144 000,36可知，大象的數(shù)量在不斷地減少，所以它們有瀕臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。故選B。] 26．D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Elephant hunting or ‘poaching’ has been a major factor for the disappearance of this species，and they are killed only for their valuable ivory tusks.”可知，導(dǎo)致大象滅絕最主要的原因是人類對(duì)大象的捕殺。故選D。] 27．A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，農(nóng)民捕殺大象的現(xiàn)象很難被禁止的原因是象牙很賺錢(qián)。故選A。] 28．C　[寫(xiě)作目的題。通讀全文尤其是文中最后一段的最后兩句可知，作者寫(xiě)作本文是想鼓勵(lì)人們保護(hù)大象。故選C。] Ⅳ. Whatissomethingyoucan’tseebutisallaroundyou？Whatanairplaneinthesky？Theanswerallthesequestionsisair.Thoughyoucan’tseeair，butyouknowit’sthere.Youcanfeel.Airisamixtureofinvisible.Putyourhandsonyourchestandtakedeepbreath.Whathappens？Yourchestrisesyourlungsarefilledwithair.Also，thetiresonbikes，cars，trucksandbusesneedairtokeep.Theatmosphereblocksoutofthesun’sharmfulrays.Theatmospheretrapstheheatfromthesun.Itmakesourworldenoughforlifetogrow.