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Unit 4 Pygmalion (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意 1．plot n．　　　　　　　　　 情節(jié)；陰謀 2．handkerchief n. 手帕；手絹；紙巾 3．a(chǎn)mbassador n. 大使；使節(jié) 4．stocking n. 長襪 5．cookie n. 餅干 6．cream n. 奶油；面霜 7．waist n. 腰；腰部；腰圍 8．a(chǎn)lphabet n. 字母表 9．a(chǎn)ntique adj. 古時的；(因古老、稀少而)珍貴的 n. 文物；古董；古玩 10．fateful adj. 重要的；決定性的；命中注定的 11．whistle vi. 吹口哨；發(fā)出汽笛聲 n. 口哨聲；汽笛聲 [縱聯(lián)1] 毛紡的；純毛的 13．upper adj. (位置或地位)較高的； 級別較高的 [縱聯(lián)2] 帶來麻煩的；使人心煩的 15．handful n. 一把；少量 16．brilliant adj. 光輝燦爛的；杰出的；才華橫溢的 17．shabby adj. 破舊的；寒酸的 Ⅱ.重點單詞——————寫其形 1．properly adv. 適當(dāng)?shù)兀磺‘?dāng)?shù)? 2．overlook vt. 俯視；忽視；不理會 3．oute n. 結(jié)果；效果；后果 4．betray vt. 顯露出(本來面目)；背叛 5．superior adj. 優(yōu)秀的；較高的；上級的 n. 上級；長官 6．fade v. (使)褪色；減弱；逐漸消失 7．a(chǎn)cquaintance n. 相識；了解；熟人 8．condemn vt. 譴責(zé)；使……處于不幸(不愉快) 的狀態(tài) 9．promise n．& vi. 妥協(xié)；折衷 10．status n. 身份；地位；職位 11．disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厭惡的 12．extraordinary adj. 不同尋常的；非凡的 Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變 1．a(chǎn)daptation n．適應(yīng)(性)；改編本→adapt v．(使)適應(yīng)；改編 2．classic adj.經(jīng)典的；第一流的 n．經(jīng)典著作→class n．班級；階級；等級→classical adj.古典的 3．professor n．教授→profession n．職業(yè)；專業(yè)→professional adj.專業(yè)的 n．專業(yè)人員 4．hesitate vi.猶豫；躊躇→hesitation n．猶豫；躊躇 5．unfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→unfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地→fortably adv.舒服地；舒適地→fortable adj.舒適的；舒服的 6．mistaken adj.(見解或判斷上)錯誤的；不正確的→mistake n．& v．錯誤；誤會 7．classify vt.把……分類；把……歸類→classification n．分類；歸類 8．remark n．談?wù)摚谎哉?；評述 vt.& vi.談?wù)?；評論；說起→remarkable adj.非凡的；顯著的 9．a(chǎn)mazement n．驚訝；驚愕→amaze vt.使吃驚→amazed adj.吃驚的→amazing adj.令人吃驚的 10．fortune n．機(jī)會；運(yùn)氣；大筆的錢→fortunate adj.幸運(yùn)的→fortunately adv.幸運(yùn)地 11．disapprove v．不贊成；反對；認(rèn)為不好→approve v．贊成 12．rob vt.搶劫；盜竊；剝奪→robbery n．搶劫(行為)→robber n．強(qiáng)盜；盜賊 13．musical adj.音樂的；喜愛音樂的 n．音樂喜劇→music n．音樂→musician n．音樂家 14．horrible adj.可怕的；恐怖的→horror n．恐怖[縱聯(lián)3] 15．effective adj.有效的→effect n．效果；影響 縱聯(lián)1.“名詞＋en”構(gòu)成的形容詞一覽 ①wool→woollen毛紡的；純毛的 ②lead→leaden鉛制的 ③earth→earthen泥土做的 ④wood→wooden木制的 ⑤silk→silken絲制的 縱聯(lián)2.你可知some也是一個形容詞后綴？ ①troublesome帶來麻煩的 ②awesome令人敬畏的 ③boresome煩人的 ④bothersome引起麻煩的 ⑤brightsome明亮的；燦爛的 ⑥handsome英俊的 ⑦lonesome孤獨(dú)的 ⑧tiresome使人厭倦的 縱聯(lián)3.“恐怖；可怕”大排檔 ①horror戰(zhàn)栗；恐怖 ②horrible恐怖的 ③afraid害怕的 ④alarm驚慌；恐慌 ⑤frighten使驚嚇；嚇唬 ⑥fear恐懼；畏懼 ⑦terrible可怕的 ⑧terrified恐怖的 ⑨t(yī)error恐怖 ⑩be scared to death嚇?biāo)? 單元話題——文學(xué)作品 子話題　戲劇 ①author n. 作者　　　　 ②playwright n．編劇；劇作家 ③edition n．版本(出版形式) ④version n．(電影、劇本等的)版本 ⑤fiction n．(虛構(gòu))小說 ⑥scene n．場景；幕 ⑦vivid adj.栩栩如生的 ⑧script n．劇本 ⑨backstage adv.在后臺 ⑩character n. 人物；角色 ?edy n．喜劇 ?draft n．草稿；草案 ?inspiration n．靈感 ?curtain n．幕布 ?tragedy n．悲劇 ?ending n. 結(jié)局 ?masterpiece n. 杰作 ?stage n．舞臺 [學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用 1．(2018全國卷Ⅱ閱讀D)Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the ?　 (fortable) silence. Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have 　?　 conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers?， consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. ①用fortable的適當(dāng)形式填空：unfortable；fortable的詞根為fort，意為“舒適；安慰” ②選詞填空：__A__ A．promised　　　　 B．condemned 　　　C．hesitated ③寫出stranger在本單元的反義詞：acquaintance 2．(2015全國卷Ⅰ閱讀七選五)Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake?. Unfortunately?， weve all been victims of betrayal?. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. ①寫出加彩詞在本單元的同根形容詞：mistaken ②unfortunately在句中詞性為詞，意為：不幸的是，在本單元的同詞根名詞為：fortune，意為“機(jī)會，運(yùn)氣”。 ③寫出加彩詞在本單元的動詞形式：betray；該詞除了表示“背叛”外，還可表示“泄露信息；泄露情感” 高考采擷(二)　寫作中的詞匯應(yīng)用 (根據(jù)漢語和提示詞補(bǔ)全/翻譯句子) 1．(2014江西高考書面表達(dá))就我個人而言，我曾經(jīng)嘗試過有效的方法來實現(xiàn)我的學(xué)術(shù)目標(biāo)。(effective) Personally, I used to try_effective_methods_to_achieve_my_academic_goals. 2．(2014江西高考書面表達(dá))對于你們這些新生來說，如何適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是你們要面對的第一件事。(adapt) To_all_of_you,_fresh_students,_how_to_adapt_yourself_to_the_new_environment_is_the_first_thing_that_you_have_to_face. (二)課堂重點釋疑 1．hesitate vi.猶豫；躊躇 [記牢] (1)hesitate to do sth.　　　　　　　 猶豫做某事 hesitate about/in/at/over 對……猶豫不決 (2)hesitation n. 躊躇；猶豫 without hesitation 毫不猶豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不猶豫地做某事 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①Since then, I have not hesitated to_be (be) in the presence of others, especially when they need pany. ②Please have no hesitation in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China. ③I hesitated about/in/at/over taking his side until I knew the whole story. [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④(2015浙江高考書面表達(dá))沒有猶豫，我決定跟隨他們，那天我們確實過得很開心。 Without_hesitation,_I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. 2．remark n．談?wù)?；言論；評述vt.& vi.談?wù)?；評論；說起 [記牢] (1)remark on/upon　　　　　 談?wù)?評論…… remark that ... 評論…… (2)make remarks on/upon 對……發(fā)表評論/看法 (3)remarkable adj. 非凡的；顯著的 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①He once remarked that “All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.” ②As long as you work hard, youll see a slow but remarkable (remark) improvement in your classroom performance during the next term. ③Miss Li remarked on/upon some students cheating in exams, whose words left a deep impression on us. [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④(2018全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))電影結(jié)束后，每個班應(yīng)該進(jìn)行一次討論，期望所有的學(xué)生都要發(fā)表評論，表達(dá)他們對這部電影的看法。 After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are expected to make_remarks_and_express_their_views_about_the_film. 3．a(chǎn)cquaintance n．相識；了解；熟人 [記牢] (1)　　 結(jié)識某人 have acquaintance with sth. 對某事知道/了解 (2)acquaint v. 使熟悉；使了解 be acquainted with 熟悉 acquaint oneself with ... 熟悉 [練通]　單句語法填空 ①He has some acquaintance with German, but doesnt speak it fluently. ②It was at that party that I first made his acquaintance，since then he and I became good friends. [寫美]　用上述短語升級加彩部分 ③(2017全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Before class, first you need to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. →Before class, first you need to acquaint_yourself_with the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. 4．fortune n．財產(chǎn)；大筆的錢；機(jī)會；運(yùn)氣 [記牢] (1)seek/try ones fortune　　　　　　 找出路/碰運(yùn)氣 make a fortune 發(fā)財；賺錢 have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事 (2)fortunate adj. 幸 運(yùn)的；僥幸的(＝lucky) be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth. 有幸做某事 (3)fortunately adv. 幸運(yùn)地(＝luckily) [練通] 單句語法填空 ①I had the good fortune to_be_chosen (choose) for studying abroad. ②If were fortunate in achieving success, we will be filled with excitement and joy. [用準(zhǔn)]　fortune意為“機(jī)會；運(yùn)氣”時，是不可數(shù)名詞；意為“大筆的錢”時，是可數(shù)名詞。 [寫美]　翻譯句子 ③幸運(yùn)的是，她受傷不嚴(yán)重，我們把她送到了最近的醫(yī)院。 Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital. [詞匯過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 Ⅰ.單詞拼寫 1．He is smaller than you, but he is superior (優(yōu)秀的) to you. 2．He dipped into the bag and brought out a handful (一把) of sample wheat. 3．Quite a lot of people will betray (背叛)themselves when tempted by money. 4．The government should take effective (有效的) measures to stop water from being polluted. 5．The doctor said that the patient might be unfortable (不舒服的) after her operation. 6．If you think you can drink so much without damaging your health, then youre mistaken (錯誤的)． 7．“Seize the day, boys. Make your lives extraordinary (非凡的)．” from the film Dead Poets Society touched me most. 8．If we all agree to set aside differences and make a promise (妥協(xié)) when we are in disputes, wars are forever gone and we are surely living in peace. Ⅱ.單句語法填空 1．Larry is the only one of my friends who is acquainted (acquaint) with the old poet. 2．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate. 3．They were unwilling to promise with the leaders but they had no choice. 4．We audience all classify him as one of the greatest actors. 5．Those who dont remember the past are_condemned (condemn) to repeat it. 6．He showed remarkable (remark) petence when faced with the difficult problems in tough times. 7．Some parents hesitate to_take (take) these steps because they doubt whether their children are telling lies. 8．We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesnt really cause, overlooking (overlook) our own roles in shaping childrens minds. Ⅲ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子 1．他對是否參加探險仍拿不定主意。(hesitate) He is still hesitating_over_whether_to_join the expedition. 2．老師評論說我的英語作文寫得很好。 (remark) The_teacher_remarked_that my English position was well written. 3．他對音樂不怎么了解，但他非常精通繪畫。(acquaintance) He has_little_acquaintance_with music, but he has a wide knowledge of painting. 4．他賣掉了西班牙的房產(chǎn)，賺了一大筆錢。(fortune) He made_a_fortune by selling property in Spain. 5．為了方便起見，我們可把學(xué)生分成四組。 (classify) For convenience, we may classify_the_students_into_four_groups. Ⅳ.語境辨義 根據(jù)語境選出動詞fade的詞義 (A)凋謝；枯萎　　　　(B)(使)褪色 (C)(光等)變暗 (D)逐漸消失 1．The curtains had faded in the sun.__B__ 2．Hopes of reaching an agreement seem to be fading away.__D__ 3．With the winter approaching, the flowers have faded.__A__ 4．They arrived home just as the light was fading.__C__ (一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí) 1．once_more　　　　　　　　　 再一次 2．fade_out (聲音、畫面)逐漸模糊；漸淡 [串記1] 偽裝(的)；假扮(的) 4．in_terms_of_... 就……來說；從……角度 5．in_need_of 需要…… 6．pass_..._off_as_... (把某人)改變或冒充成…… 7．rob_sb._of_sth. 搶劫某人某物 8．show_..._in 帶或領(lǐng)……進(jìn)來 [串記2] 一般來說 10．make_ones_acquaintance 結(jié)識；與……相見 [串記3] 處理；對付；涉及 [同根短語串記] 串記1.容易被忽略的“in＋n.”短語 ①in disguise　　　 　　　　 偽裝(的)；假扮(的) ②in nature 本質(zhì)上 ③in person 親自；本人 ④in action 在活動中；在進(jìn)行中 ⑤in shape 處于良好狀態(tài) ⑥in amazement 震驚；驚訝 ⑦in name 名義上的；有名無實的 ⑧in fort 舒適地 串記2.“adv.＋speaking”短語聚焦 ①generally speaking 一般來說 ②honestly speaking 誠實地說 ③frankly speaking 坦率地說 ④exactly speaking 確切地說 ⑤strictly speaking 嚴(yán)格地說 ⑥personally speaking 就個人而言 串記3.如何“處理；對付” ①deal with 處理；對付；涉及 ②do with 處理；對付 ③cope with 處理；應(yīng)付 ④treat ... with 處理；應(yīng)付 ⑤handle with 處理 ⑥dispose of 處理；解決 1．the quality of a persons English　　 一個人的英語水平 2．ones position in society 某人的社會地位 3．in all directions 朝四面八方 4．shelter from the rain 躲雨 5．be disappointed at 對……失望 6．take down 寫下；記下 7．deep in 專心于 8．make records 錄音 9．a(chǎn) bit of luck 運(yùn)氣好 10．a(chǎn)sk for any favours 尋求任何幫助 11．pay for 支付 1．Will that be_of_any_use to you？那對你有用嗎？ 2．What_if I was？如果我是又怎么樣呢？ 3．But, sir, (proudly) once_educated_to_speak_properly,_that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassadors garden party. 不過，先生， (高傲地)一旦有人教她把英語說好了，這個女孩就可以在三個月以內(nèi)冒充公爵夫人出席大使主辦的花園晚會了。 4．Perhaps I could even find her a place as a ladys maid or a shop assistant, which_requires better English. 說不定我還可以給她找份工作，當(dāng)一名貴婦人的侍女或商店的店員。這些工作都要求英語說得好。 [學(xué)考對接活學(xué)活用] 高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的短語(補(bǔ)全句子/短語替換) 1．(2013江蘇高考閱讀C)When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal_with (處理) depression. 2．(2018北京高考完形填空)For Mr. Smith, this is a possible lifechanging chance.The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.(用本單元短語替換加彩部分)once_more 高考采擷(二) 寫作中的短語和句式(短語升級/翻譯句子) 1．(2018全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. →In_terms_of_table_manners,_keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. 2．(2018浙江高考寫作)Ive learned that the English Association of our school now need some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. →Ive learned that the English Association of our school is_now_in_need_of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school. 3．(2017全國卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))我知道你對乒乓球很感興趣，它被認(rèn)為是中國的國球，在我們國家體育領(lǐng)域非常重要。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句， be of＋抽象名詞) I_know_you_show_great_interest_in_pingpong,_which_is_regarded_as_the_National_Ball_of_China_and_of_great_value_in_sports_field_in_our_country. (二)課堂重點釋疑 [短語集釋] 1．in terms of ...就……來說；從……角度 [記牢] in the long/short term/run　 就長遠(yuǎn)/短期而言 be on good terms with 與……處得好 e to terms with 達(dá)成協(xié)議；和好；接受；適應(yīng) [練通]　單句語法填空 ①The country is very poor and it has to e to terms with the neighbouring countries. ②The agreement should have very positive results in the long term. ③Bear in mind that with humor sense, you can always be on good terms with others. [寫美]　補(bǔ)全句子 ④就學(xué)習(xí)和健康來說，我們應(yīng)該養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式。 In_terms_of_study_and_health,_we should develop a healthy lifestyle. 2．show ...in帶或領(lǐng)……進(jìn)來 [記牢] show ... out　　　　　　　　 帶或領(lǐng)……出去 show off 炫耀；展示 show up 出現(xiàn)；來到某處 show sb. around/round 領(lǐng)某人參觀 show ... for sb. 向某人表示…… show ... to sb. 給某人看…… show respect for 對……表達(dá)尊敬 show interest in 對……感興趣 [練通]　選用上述短語填空 ①We should _show__respect_for old people, our parents and our teachers. ②He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasnt shown_up yet. ③If you e to Hangzhou this weekend, Ill be very glad to show you around/round our beautiful city then. ④Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off his new car — he usually walks. [寫美]　翻譯句子 ⑤(2016全國卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))歡迎任何一個對這次攝影展感興趣的同學(xué)參加。 Any_student_who_shows_interest_in_this_photography_show_is_wele_to_participate. [句式集釋] “be of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) [教材原句]　 Will that be_of_any_use to you? [悟拓展例句] (1)The way that he had thought of to deal with the problem was of great importance. (2)His opinion is considered to be of great value. →His opinion is considered to be very valuable. [析用法規(guī)則] “be of＋抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞通常是use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit等，該結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于“be＋名詞所對應(yīng)的形容詞”，這類名詞前可用no, some, any, little, much, great等對其進(jìn)行修飾。 [背寫作佳句] (1)(2018浙江高考寫作)I treasure this as a good chance and it is of benefit to me in many ways.(要點句) (2)(2016全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Your guide and suggestions are of great help to me and Im looking forward to your early reply.(總結(jié)句) [詞塊、句式過關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.選詞填空 pass ... off as, fade out, in terms of, in need of, make ones acquaintance, generally speaking, show ... in, rob ... of ... 1．In an advertisement I know that your pany is _in_need_of a temporary interpreter. 2．They purchased pieces of old furniture and passed them off_as valuable antiques. 3．He is a friendly and kind man and I am thankful for the opportunity to have made_his_acquaintance. 4．Please wait here and show the guests in when they dont know how to find the art show hall. 5．As the program ended, the music slowly faded_out and someone began to speak. 6．Generally_speaking,_when a child learns to read, he usually begins from ABC. 7．However, in_terms_of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. 8．They threatened to shoot him and robbed him of all his possessions. Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子 1．當(dāng)我們和朋友發(fā)生沖突的時候，換位思考是十分重要的。(be of＋n.) Putting ourselves in their shoes is_of_great_importance/significance when we have conflicts with friends. 2．他們開始做實驗，希望會成功。(形容詞短語作狀語) They started the experiment, hopeful_for_success. 3．當(dāng)被問到他成功的秘訣時，他把這一切都?xì)w功于他父母的支持和鼓勵。(狀語從句省略) When_asked_the_secret_of_his_success,_he owed all to the support and encouragement of his parents. 4．小男孩在離家后還未回來，使得他父母很擔(dān)心。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句) The little boy hasnt e back yet after leaving home, which_makes_his_parents_worried. 5．在接下來的半小時里，如果這個問題必須解決會怎樣呢？ (what if ...) What_if_this_problem_have_to_be_solved in the next half hour? Ⅲ.應(yīng)用文分步寫作 根據(jù)下列提示，寫一篇關(guān)于馬克吐溫及其作品《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險記》的評論。 1．馬克吐溫(Mark Twain)，美國作家，在密西西比河(the Mississippi River)畔小城長大。 2．代表作(masterpiece)之一《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險記》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)。這部小說講述了白人小孩Huckleberry Finn從家中逃走，和黑奴吉姆在密西西比河流浪的故事。《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險記》在美國文學(xué)史上一直被稱為最偉大的作品。 注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右； 2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫作要點 1．審題：①文體：文學(xué)評論　②人稱：主要是第三人稱 ③時態(tài)：主要是一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時 2．本文要點具體、明確，因此審題、擬點沒有困難，根據(jù)題目和要求，可從以下三個要點來寫作： 要點1：簡短介紹馬克吐溫(美國作家，出生地)； 要點2：介紹其代表作《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險記》； 要點3：評論這部作品(地位)。 要點1：馬克吐溫是一位杰出的美國作家。他在密西西比河畔小城長大。(extraordinary) Mark_Twain_was_an_extraordinary_American_writer.He_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River. 要點2－①：他的代表作之一是《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險記》。這部小說講述了哈克貝利費(fèi)恩從家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。 One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn.The_novel_tells_of_Huckleberry Finn running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River. 要點2－②：不久他結(jié)識了一位黑人奴隸吉姆。(acquaintance, slave) Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim. 要點3：《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險記》在美國文學(xué)上是一部經(jīng)典的小說。 The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature. 第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿，表達(dá)更亮眼 為了使內(nèi)容更充實，我們需要對要點進(jìn)行添枝加葉或者升級，用更高級表達(dá)，使表達(dá)更亮眼。要點1可以使用同位語形式進(jìn)行升級；要點2－①使用which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句進(jìn)行升級；要點2－②后添加if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣，說明如果沒有遇見吉姆的結(jié)果；要點3可增加狀語“從許多方面來考慮”并用過去分詞作狀語表達(dá)。 升級要點1：馬克吐溫，一位杰出美國作家，在密西西比河畔的一座小城長大。(同位語) Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River. 升級要點2－①：他的代表作之一是《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險記》，講述了哈克貝利費(fèi)恩從家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句) One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn，which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River. 補(bǔ)充要點2－②：如果他沒有遇見吉姆，也就沒有后來的這些事了。(if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣) If_he_hadnt_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on. 拓展要點3：從許多方面來考慮，《哈克貝利費(fèi)恩歷險記》在美國文學(xué)上是一部經(jīng)典的小說。(過去分詞作狀語) Considered_in_many_aspects，The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature. 第三步：連句成文，排語句順序，重銜接過渡 文學(xué)評論一般先簡短介紹作者，再介紹被評論的書刊，最后再給出對這本書的評價。這一類的文章一般不需要太多的銜接，關(guān)鍵在于理清要點的先后順序，注意要點間的銜接、連貫。 Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn,_which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim.If_he_hadnt_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on. Considered_in_many_aspects，The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic novel in American literature. 掌握閱讀技能之(六)　推理 推理判斷題要求考生由文章中已知信息出發(fā)，對題干要求的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行合理推測，大多會問及文章的暗示、推論、結(jié)論、人物的身份和關(guān)系、作者的觀點、態(tài)度和語氣等。這類試題，除了需要準(zhǔn)確、透徹地理解文章、理順文章的脈絡(luò)外，還要求考生有一定的思考提煉和邏輯推理的能力。該題型在高考閱讀理解中難度較大，是取得高分必須要攻破的一道難關(guān)。 [高考典例1]　(2018全國卷ⅠD篇) We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置) well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things. Q：What does the author think of new devices? A．They are environmentfriendly. B．They are no better than the old. C．They cost more to use at home. D．They go out of style quickly. [分析]　根據(jù)最后一句“這些過時的設(shè)備比那些做同樣事情的新設(shè)備消耗更多的能源”，可推斷出新設(shè)備更節(jié)能、更環(huán)保。故選A。 [高考典例2]　(2018全國卷ⅡA篇) Activity Description Member of staff Cost Potty about Potter (POT) Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in StreatleyonThames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations，picnic lunch outside Oxfords Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter. Miss Drake ￡150 Q：How long does Potty about Potter last? A．Two days.　　　　　　　　　B．Four days. C．Five days. D．One week. [分析]　根據(jù)這則廣告可知，該廣告提到參觀華納兄弟演播室、買野餐、在青年旅舍住一晚(stay overnight)，那么后面交代的坐船游覽查韋爾河就應(yīng)該是第二天的活動，由此推斷這個活動的持續(xù)時間是兩天。故選A。 [高考典例3]　(2018全國卷ⅡC篇) [1]Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a mon Sense Media report published Monday. [2]While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. [3]According to the reports key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13yearolds and 9 percent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.” [4]The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2－8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spe