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第14練 閱讀理解 完型填空 語法填空 短文改錯 Ⅰ.閱讀理解 (2018山西三區(qū)八校二模) Ithasbecomeacertainbeliefamongthepublic—drinkatleasteightglassesofwateradaytoimprovehealthandwellbeing.Bottledwatercompaniesoftenrepeatittoincreasetheirsalesbutitisactuallyasillyidea.Thereisnoevidencetoprovetheadvantagesofdrinkingeightglassesofwateraday，scientistssay. Themisunderstandingiscausedfromthesuggestionthatadultsshoulddrink2.5litersofwaterdaily，whichwasstressedbytheBritishMedicalJournalinDecember.Theimportantpartofthesuggestionisthatmostofthisquantityofwateriscontainedinpreparedfoods，which，however，isusuallyignored. USresearcherswhoreviewedtheevidenceconcludedthatmostpeopledonotneedtoworryabouttheamountofwatertheydrinkeveryday.Besidesdrinkingwater，theywillbegettingplentyofliquidinotherways.Caffeinateddrinkssuchastea，coffeeandcolaandalcoholcanhelpreachthedailytotaliftheydon’tdrinktoomuch，thoughthesedrinkshelptheproductionofurine(尿)．Lesswellknownarethedangersofdrinkingtoomuchwater，causingwaterpoisoning，lowsaltlevelsandevendeath. ThereviewofresearchbyDanNegoianu，fromtheUniversityofPennsylvania，foundthatnotasinglestudyincludedthesuggestionofdrinkingeightglassesofwateraday.Althoughonesmallstudysuggestedthatdrinkingwatercouldresultinfewerheadaches，theresultswerenotveryimportant.However，thebenefitsofdrinkingsomewatertopreventapaininheadafterdrinkingtoomuchalcoholare，separately，provedtobetrue. Nostudiesshowedanyadvantagestothecoloroftheskinbecauseoftheincreasedwatertakenintobodies.Dehydration(脫水)canmakeskinlesspleasant，buttherewasnoclearevidencetosupporttheideathatwaterhelpspeoplekeepayouthfulappearance.Theresearchersalsofoundnoevidencethatdrinkinglotsofwaterdoessomegoodtothebody’sorgans. 1．Fromthepassage，weknowthatthesuggestionaboutdrinkingeightglassesofwateraday. A．causessomeseriousdiseases B．hasenoughscientificevidencetosupportit C．ismisunderstoodbypeopleinfact D．waspublishedbytheBritishMedicalJournal 2．Fromthepassagewelearnthatmanypeopledon’tknowthat. A．theproductionofurinecancausewatertolose B．healthcanbeimprovedbydrinkingplentyofwater C．betterskincanresultfromtheintakeofmuchwater D．caffeinateddrinkscanprovidethewaterpeopleneed 3．Whatcanbeprovedaboutdrinkingalotofwateraccordingtothepassage? A．Reducingthebadinfluenceofdrinkingalcohol. B．Helpingtokeepyouthfullooks. C．Makingthebody’sorgansstronger. D．Causingbadheadaches. 4．Thewriter’smainpurposeofwritingthispassageisto. A．persuadepeopletodrinkdifferentkindsofwater B．tellpeopledrinkingmuchwaterisnotashealthyasisconsidered C．warnpeopleofthedangerofdrinkingmuchwater D．helppeoplerealizetheimportanceofdrinkingenoughwatereveryday Ⅱ.完形填空 (2018江西新余二模) Overtheyears，thankstomylife’sobstacles，Iunderstoodthemeaningoffaithandthestrongwilltosurvive.ItwasHurricaneIkethatmademefully5thebeautyofourstrengthandahuman’smotivationto6. Momhadatwoweek7insummer.WhileweenjoyedourholidayinSoutheastTexas，wedidn’trealizethefactthatIke8causemonthsandlikelyyearsof“l(fā)abor”．BySeptember7th，the“eyesofTexas”werewatchingHurricaneIkemore9，makingthetypicalmadrushforlastminutehurricane10.Twodayslater，bothoilandicewerein11demand. IntheearlyhoursofSeptember11th，someneighborswereplanningto12thestormintheirhomes，13othersweremakingfinalpreparationstogetaway.Atfirst，wedecidedtostay.Butthatafternoon，theHoustonGalvestonareawouldbeonthemore14sideofthestorm.MomandIpackedsomeofourmost15belongingsinthecarand16theEastTexastownofLufkin. AsIkepushedfartherinland，we17powerinLufkin.OnSunday，ournextdoorneighbortoldusviacellphonethatour18hadremainedwell.Ourhopescouldnothavebeen19.Butafewhourslater，theneighborsreportedthatourbrickchimneyhad20，anditwassittingonourlivingroom，21aholeintheroofbetweentwoskylights(天窗)． Wewouldn’tbeallowedtoreturnhome22September17th.Iclimbedupstairs，andlookedtowardtheholeintheroofwhichshowedabeautifulbluesky.Withouthesitation，Ishouted，“Wow! Athirdskylight！”MyneighborscouldnotbelieveIwasmakingjokes23crying，but24isalwaysgoodmedicine.ItwaswiththatjokethatIknew，giventime，everythingwouldbeokay. 5．A.observe B．explore C．a(chǎn)ppreciate D．improve 6．A.recoverB．a(chǎn)pologizeC．workD．change 7．A.meeting B．journey C．schedule D．vacation 8．A.mustB．mightC．wouldD．should 9．A.closely B．constantly C．warningly D．differently 10．A.adventure B．supplies C．equipment D．reports 11．A.basicB．pureC．neatD．high 12．A.putaway B．getthrough C．testout D．sufferfrom 13．A.sinceB．whenC．whileD．until 14．A.awesome B．a(chǎn)bundant C．peaceful D．dangerous 15．A.precious B．concrete C．a(chǎn)vailable D．potential 16．A.setout B．headedfor C．settleddown D．watchedout 17．A.lostB．reducedC．producedD．provided 18．A.gardenB．poolC．houseD．yard 19．A.clearerB．higherC．lowerD．wilder 20．A.passedB．stoodC．followedD．gone 21．A.digging B．filling C．leaving D．kicking 22．A.byB．beforeC．a(chǎn)fterD．until 23．A.inspiteof B．insteadof C．a(chǎn)partfrom D．intermsof 24．A.laughter B．will C．strength D．faith Ⅲ.語法填空 Doyouknow25.astorygetsintothenewspaper？Hereisanexample.Imaginethatacitybushasturnedoverinaditch，injuringsomeofthepassengers.Aneyewitnesscallsthenewspaper.Thenareporterissenttothescene，at26.hetalkstopassengers，driverandwitnesses.Hefindsoutwhattheysaw,27.(set) downtheiranswersorcomments.Meanwhile，a28.(profession) photographerisbusytakingpictures. Manyreportersuseportablecomputerswhichallowthem29.(write) thestoryonthespotandthensenditbacktotheoffice. Next，aneditorconcentrates30.thestory，checkingfacts，grammarandspelling.Atthesametime，apictureischosen. Thestoryissetinprint.Onmostnewspaperstoday，this31.(do) withacomputer.Thecomputermakessetsofcolumnsoftype，whicharepassedontoasheetofpaper32.(exact) thesamesizeasanewspaperpage.Onlyafteraproofreaderchecksthestoryformistakes33.(be) thenewspaperreadyforprinting.Thenthepresses(印刷機) begintorun. Milesofpaperareturnedintothousandsof34.(print) newspapers.Theyarecountedandplacedinwaitingtrucks.Withinafewhours，peoplecanreadaboutthebusaccidentintheirdailynewspaper. Ⅳ.短文改錯 (2018四川南充一診) Theenvironmentpollutionwasmoreandmoreserioustoday.Wehavenocleanwatertodrinkitbecauseofwaterpollution.Andwhentreescutdown，someanimalsdisappear.Thereismoreandmoredirtysmokeintheair.People’shealthhasbeengreataffectedbyair，noiseandwaterpollution.Manypeoplehavediedofdiseasescausingbypollution.Inordertolivethebetterlife，it’stimeforustoprotectourworld.Weshouldrecycle，reduceandreusethings，whatsavesmoneyandreducespollution.Usethingssolongaspossible.Don’tuseplasticbag.Besides，wemustplantmoretreesandstoppeoplecuttingitdown.Wehopeourworldwillbemoreandmorebeautiful. 答案解析 Ⅰ. 語篇解讀　本文介紹了一項新的研究結(jié)果：人們“每天喝八杯水來保持健康”是一種誤導(dǎo)性的認識，沒有證據(jù)表明“每天喝八杯水”有什么好處，相反飲水過多會導(dǎo)致水中毒、低鹽甚至死亡。 1．C　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“There is no evidence to prove the advantages of drinking eight glasses of water a day，scientists say.”科學家說沒有證據(jù)來證明“每天喝八杯水”的好處，可知選C。] 2．D　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Besides drinking water，they will be getting plenty of liquid in other ways.Caffeinated drinks such as tea，coffee and cola and alcohol can help reach the daily total...”除了喝水，他們還能用很多其他方式得到大量的液體，諸如茶、咖啡、可樂及酒等含咖啡因的飲料能幫助人們達到日常所需的總量……可知選D。] 3．A　[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“However，the benefits of drinking some water to prevent a pain in head after drinking too much alcohol are，separately，proved to be true.”可知，飲酒過多之后喝一些水可以防止頭疼卻被證明是真的。故答案為A。] 4．B　[主旨大意題。本文在第一段點出主題：“Bottled water companies often repeat it to increase their sales but it is actually a silly idea.There is no evidence to prove the advantages of drinking eight glasses of water a day，scientists say.”，下文進行了具體的介紹。故選B。] Ⅱ. 語篇解讀　作者通過講述颶風Ike來臨前人們的準備和颶風走后的情況，告訴讀者笑是一劑良藥。給點兒時間，一切都會變好的。 5．C　[從上文的“Over the years，thanks to my life’s obstacles(障礙)”，可知，是颶風Ike讓我充分領(lǐng)略了我們的力量之美和人類恢復(fù)的動力。observe觀察；explore 探索；appreciate欣賞，感激；improve提高。故選C。] 6．A　[颶風之后，人們會盡量恢復(fù)。recover恢復(fù)；apologize道歉；work工作；change改變。故選A。] 7．D　[根據(jù)下句“While we enjoyed our holiday”可知，夏天媽媽有兩個星期的假期。meeting會議；journey旅行；schedule時刻表；vacation假期。故選D。] 8．C　[我們在德克薩斯東南部度假的時候，我們沒有意識到Ike將會導(dǎo)致幾個月可能幾年的勞動。must必須；might可能；would將會；should應(yīng)該。故選C。] 9．A　[“eyes of Texas”更密切地觀察颶風Ike。closely密切地；constantly連續(xù)地；warningly警告地；differently不同地。故選A。] 10．B　[從下一句中的“Two days later，both oil and ice were in demand.”可知，人們?yōu)榈钟Z風在做典型的最后一分鐘瘋狂購買供應(yīng)品。adventure冒險；supply供給；equipment設(shè)備；report報告。故選B。] 11．D　[根據(jù)上一句中的關(guān)鍵詞mad rush for可知人們的購買程度。所以兩天后，油和冰都需求量很高。basic基本的；pure純的；neat整潔的；high高的。故選D。] 12．B　[根據(jù)題后的“the storm in their homes”可知，一些鄰居計劃在家里度過風暴。put away收好，儲存；get through接通，度過；test out檢驗；suffer from遭受。故選B。] 13．C　[根據(jù)上文中的some neighbors和該空后的others可知，此處是兩種人的不同做法。since自從；when當……時候；while然而；until 直到。然而，其他的人在做最后的準備離開，這里表示對比，故選C。] 14．D　[根據(jù)上文的“At first，we decided to stay.”以及表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的but可知HoustonGalveston地區(qū)將處于風暴的更危險的地帶。awesome可怕的；abundant大量的；peaceful寧靜的； dangerous危險的。故選D。] 15．A　[根據(jù)常識可知：危難關(guān)頭肯定只帶貴重物品，所以，媽媽和我收拾了一些最重要的物品。precious珍貴的；concrete具體的；available可獲得的；potential有潛力的。故選A。] 16．B　[句意為：前往德克薩斯州東邊的Lufkin小鎮(zhèn)。set out出發(fā)；head for前往；settle down定居下來；watch out當心。故選B。] 17．A　[lose失去；reduce減少；produce制作；provide提供。隨著Ike深入內(nèi)陸，我們在Lufkin時停電了，故選A。] 18．C　[garden花園；pool水池；house房子；yard院子。星期天，我們的隔壁鄰居通過電話告訴我們，我們的房子還在。故選C。] 19．B　[clearer更清楚；higher更高的；lower更低的；wilder更野蠻的。我們不會期望更高了，故選B。] 20．D　[pass通過；stand站；follow跟隨；go消失。幾小時后，鄰居通知我們的煙囪沒有了，故選D。] 21．C　[dig挖；fill填滿；leave離開，遺留；kick踢。在兩個天窗之間留了一個洞，故選C。] 22．D　[by通過；before在……前面；after在……后面；until直到。我們到9月17號才被允許回家。故選D。] 23．B　[in spite of雖然；instead of代替，而不是；apart from除了；in terms of依據(jù)，就……而言。我的鄰居簡單不敢相信我是在開玩笑而不是在哭。故選B。] 24．A　[laughter笑聲；will 意志；strength力量；faith信念。從上文作者的玩笑可知，面對災(zāi)難作者沒有哭泣而是笑對人生。故選A。] Ⅲ. 語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了發(fā)生在現(xiàn)實生活中的事情是怎樣經(jīng)過一步步的程序，最終刊登在報紙上的。 25．how　[考查賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意為：你知道新聞是怎樣刊登在報紙上的嗎？分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動詞know后面的從句是賓語從句；從句中主謂賓俱全，但是根據(jù)句意和下文故事見報的過程可知，該句缺少方式狀語，表示“怎樣”應(yīng)用how。故填how。] 26．which　[考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞the scene。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語。故填which。] 27．setting　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知，句中已有謂語動詞finds out，因此此處為非謂語動詞；又因動詞短語set down與其邏輯主語he之間是主謂關(guān)系，且其動作發(fā)生的時間與句子謂語finds out發(fā)生的時間幾乎同時，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式作狀語。故填setting。] 28．professional　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處修飾名詞photographer，需用形容詞。故填professional。] 29．towrite　[考查非謂語動詞。allow sb. to do sth.允許某人做某事，是固定用法。故填towrite。] 30．on　[考查介詞。concentrate on專心于，集中精力在，是固定搭配。故填on。] 31．isdone　[考查動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致。此處敘述報紙的印刷過程，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時；又因動詞do和主語this之間是動賓關(guān)系，因此需用被動語態(tài)；再由于this是單數(shù)第三人稱，所以be動詞應(yīng)用is。故填is done。] 32．exactly　[考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子成分可知，所填詞在句中作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填exactly。] 33．is　[考查動詞時態(tài)及主謂一致?！癘nly＋狀語”位于句首時，句子需用部分倒裝；由此可知，所填詞為句子的謂語。根據(jù)“checks”可知，此處需用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語the newspaper為單數(shù)第三人稱。故填is。] 34．printed　[考查非謂語動詞。分析句子成分可知，此處為非謂語動詞作定語修飾newspapers；又因print與newspapers之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，因此需用過去分詞。故填printed。] Ⅳ. Theenvironmentpollutionmoreandmoreserioustoday.Wehavenocleanwatertodrinkitbecauseofwaterpollution.Andwhentreescutdown，someanimalsdisappear.Thereismoreandmoredirtysmokeintheair.People’shealthhasbeenaffectedbyair，noiseandwaterpollution.Manypeoplehavediedofdiseasesbypollution.Inordertolivebetterlife，it’stimeforustoprotectourworld.Weshouldrecycle，reduceandreusethings，savesmoneyandreducespollution.Usethingslongaspossible.Don’tuseplastic.Besides，wemustplantmoretreesandstoppeoplecuttingdown.Wehopeourworldwillbemoreandmorebeautiful.