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外文文獻 Air cushion belt conveyor The inventive air supported belt conveyor provides significant improvements over prior art designs using either idler rolls or trough-shaped conveyor configurations. With the inventive conveyor, the increased maintenance requirements due to the presence of idler rolls are minimized or eliminated. In addition, elimination of the idler rolls also results in fabrication of a simpler structure. With a simpler structure to fabricate, the overall system takes less time to erect in a field installation, thereby contributing to reduced capital costs. Further, the absence of the idler rolls results in the elimination of the alignment procedures which must be utilized in prior art conveyor systems.? The inventive conveyor is safer than prior art systems through the elimination of pinch points which are present in conveyor systems using idler rolls. With this safety improvement, it may also be possible to eliminate pull cord switches along the conveyor, thus contributing another economic advantage.? Operating costs are improved with the inventive conveyor since less power is needed to drive the conveyor belt. In conveyor systems using idler rolls, their mass and friction component contribute greatly to the conveyor power consumption. Through the elimination of idler rolls, the overall conveyor drive force power is reduced, even with the existence of a blower or the like to supply the air for conveyor belt support.? The conveyor of the invention is also effective as a high-speed conveyor, e.g., speeds in excess of 2,000 feet per minute, particularly when the conveyor may have open spaces therealong. Open spaces occur due to the conveyance of articles which may be spaced apart or fed to the conveyor in an intermittent fashion. The inventive conveyor has a generally flat belt configuration which is ideal for conveying articles such as baggage, packages or the like. Features of the inventive conveyor permit air support of the generally flat conveyor without loss of control over the lateral movement of the conveyor as it travels or without excessive wear which could result during high speed operation.? An exemplary embodiment of the inventive conveyor is depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3 and is designated by the reference numeral 20. The conveyor 20 includes a plenum chamber 21 having opposing ends 23. The plenum chamber 21 is supported via the ends 23 by support members 25. The support members 25 position the plenum chamber 21 at the proper elevation so that the conveyor can interface with the appropriate feed and exit arrangements (not shown). The support members 25 are shown as beams but any structural member or arrangement can be utilized to support the plenum chamber 21.? The plenum chamber 21 includes a bottom plate 27 and a top plate 29, these plates together with the sides 23 forming an interior 31. Strengthening ribs 33 can be positioned in the interior 31 where appropriate to provide additional support.? The bottom plate 27 is shown with an incline toward the longitudinal axis of the conveyor. A drain plug 32 is located at a midpoint of the bottom plate 27 to facilitate removal of accumulated moisture or other unwanted materials. Of course, other configurations of the plenum chamber 21 can be utilized provided that the interior 31 can be pressurized to provide the air support for the conveyor belt.? Still referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, the top plate 29 contains a plurality of orifices 35. The orifices 35 can be slots, round holes or the like and can be distributed as shown or be positioned in other configurations, uneven spacings, etc. A belt 37 is positioned adjacent the top plate 29. The top plate 29 functions as a support for the belt 37 in two modes. First, when the interior 31 is not pressurized by a source of air 38, such as a fan, blower or the like, the belt 37 rests on the plate 29. When the interior 31 is pressurized, air flows through the top plate orifices 35 and against the underside 39 of the belt 37. The air flow creates an air bearing or cushion of air of a given thickness to support the belt 37 while it is driven by a belt drive (not shown) for article conveying. The belt drive is conventional and a further description thereof is not deemed necessary for invention understanding.? More specifically, air or any pressurizable fluid is pumped into the interior 31 from a simple low horsepower centrifugal fan or any air moving device. The air escapes through the series of orifices at or near the longitudinal axis of the conveyor. The air spreads out width-wise and lifts the belt 37 off the top surface 40 of the top plate 29. At the same time, the belt is propelled by a conventional drive system. Air is pulled along with the belt at approximately the same speed as the belt is driven. Air escapes along the belt side edges and at the entrance and exit ends of the conveyor. Air escapes more so at the exit end rather than the entrance end since the travel of the belt draws air with it.? The top plate 29 is divided into three sections, a center generally flat section 41 and opposing outer sections 43, each angled or bent upwardly from the flat plane defined by the center section 41, see FIG. 2.? The outer section 43 is illustrated in FIG. 3 as having a transition section 45 with a radius "R" and a generally straight section 47. The transition section 45 functions to bend the belt slightly or give it a steering action.? The outer section 43 besides being defined by the radius "R" is also defined by the angle ".theta.". The bend or radius can vary depending on the particular conveyor application, e.g., from a tight bend when the radius is near zero to a gradual bend when the radius could be up to 20 inches. A preferred radius range is between 5 and 10 inches and more preferably 5 and 7 inches, e.g., 6.5 inches. Similarly, the angle ".theta." could vary as well, ranging up to 60.degree., preferably 25.degree. to 35.degree., and more preferably 30.degree.. The straight section 47 is shown being basically coincident with an exit angle defined by the end portion 48 of the transition section 45. However, the section 47 could be angled with respect to the end portion 48 of the transition section 45, if so desired.? Besides providing a steering action to the belt 37, the angle or curved outer section 43 of the top plate 29 also functions as part of a belt edge guide designated by the reference numeral 50, see FIG. 2. The belt edge guide 50 assists in controlling belt steering or lateral movement and belt upward or vertical movement during belt travel.? The belt edge guide 50 functions to direct air emerging from the underside 39 of the belt 37, around the belt edge face 51 and across the upper belt surface 53. As described in more detail below, the belt edge guide 50 also creates a zone of increased pressure over the belt upper surface 53 to control belt edge upward movement, particularly when the belt may have open spaces, i.e., spaces where no articles are being carried or a no loading situation.? With specific reference to FIG. 3, the belt edge guide 50 includes an elongated bar 55 running generally parallel with the axis of the conveyor 20. The bar 55 is positioned between a guide 57 and the straight section 47 of the top plate 29. In FIG. 3, the bar 55 is shown secured to the guide 57 by the nut 59 and bolt 61 arrangement, the nut 59 extending through openings in the bar 55 and the guide underside 63. The guide 57 is shown supported by the member 25 at reference numeral 65. The guide 57 can also function with its upstanding surface 67 as a guide surface for an article 75 being conveyed on the belt 37, see FIG. 2.? The arrangement of the bar 55, the guide 57 and the top plate 29 create a zone of high pressure over the belt surface 53. More particularly, air exiting from the underside 39 of the belt enters a recess 69 formed by the top plate 29, the underside 63 and the elongated bar face 71. The air, after entering the recess 67, passes over the upper surface 53 of the belt and out a slot 73. By reason of the reduced dimensions of the slot 73 as compared to the recess 69, a zone of higher pressure, e.g., greater than ambient pressure, is created above the belt surface 53. This zone of high pressure tends to force an edge portion of the belt toward the top plate 29. Thus, contact between the belt surface 53 and the underside surface 63 of the guide 57 is minimized or eliminated. This action is extremely significant when the belt is traveling at high speeds, greater than a 1,000 feet per minute and as high as about 2,200 feet per minute. Contact between the surfaces 53 and 63 at these high speeds could cause significant damage to the belt surface.? In addition, since the conveyor 20 may be adapted to carry packages or luggage, see FIG. 2, the belt 37 may see open spaces where the belt is not uniformly loaded. Under these conditions, a tendency exists for the air bearing, i.e., the distance between the underside the belt 39 and the top surface 40 of the top plate 29, to increase and force the belt upwardly, including the belt edge surface 53. With the edge guide 50, air escaping from the sides of the belt is used to control and/or minimize upward belt edge movement. Consequently, the belt can be operated with intermittent article conveyance and, if desired, at high speeds without belt surface damage.? To further enhance the zone of increased pressure, the underside surface 63 of the guide 57 can be bent or angled differently from the angle created by the straight section 47 or angles tangent to the transition section 45.? When measured in either way, the difference in angling whereby the acute angle formed by surface 63 and a reference plane bisecting the flat section 41 of the top plate 29 would be greater than that formed by the straight section or tangents to the transition section 45 with respect to the same reference plane. The angling difference between the underside surface 63 and the tangents of the transition section 45 or straight section 47 serves to reduce the slot dimension 73 so that the zone of pressure in recess 69 is increased over a configuration wherein a relationship between the guide surface 63 and straight section 47 or tangents to section 45 is generally parallel.? It should be understood that the design of the belt edge guide 50 is exemplary. Any configuration or means which would direct air from under the belt 37, around the belt edge face 51 and over its upper surface 53 to create the increased pressure zone can be utilized. For example, the guide undersurface 63 could be separate from the guide 57, particularly when the upstanding vertical guide surface 67 would not be needed, e.g., utilizing the conveyor 20 for both conveying articles, e.g., a feed run conveyor, and as a return conveyor. Using the conveyor 20 for the both conveying articles and as a return conveyor overcomes the disadvantages noted above in trough-shaped air supported belts when the return conveyor uses conventional idler rolls.? To enhance the steering action of the belt 37, the bar 55 can use a low friction material on its face 71. This material reduces the friction when the belt edge face 51 may contact the bar face 71. The low friction material can be either a coating, a removable attachment or any other type of configuration which can be interfaced with the bar 55. Preferably, the low friction material is a fluorocarbon polymer such as Telflon.RTM., as a coating or the like. The entire bar can be coated if desired.? The bar 55 can take other forms providing that a seal or the like is maintained to assure creation of the zone of high pressure. The bar 55 could also be attached to the straight section 47 or another and separate support, if so desired. The bar 55 could also be made as a integral or non-removable component of either the guide 57 or the plenum chamber 21.? While the slot dimensions 73 can be altered by changing the relationship between the guide undersurface 63 and the top plate 29, other means or devices could be used to adjust the slot dimension, e.g., inserts attachable to the guide 57, protruding lips or any other structure which will create the desired increase in pressure over the upper surface of the belt 37.? In the method aspect of the invention, the conventional air supported belts are improved by arranging the belt to follow a contour of a belt support having a generally flat center section and angled outer sections. With this configuration, a portion of the pressurized fluid used to support the belt is directed around side edges of the belt and along an upper surface of the belt. With the appropriate configuration in the vicinity of the belt edge, a zone of increased pressure is created over the belt upper surface to assist in controlling belt edge upward movement.? Generally, it is desired to create an air bearing or cushion of up to about 0.02 inches in thickness. More preferably, the air cushion can be less than 0.010 inches or range between 0.004 and 0.006 inches. Of course, the target air bearing may vary depending on the loads intended for conveying. Generally, 14 to 16 inches of water as fan pressure is desired with six cubic feet per minute of air being supplied per lineal foot of conveyor. Again, these values may vary depending on the conveyor application. The calculations necessary to determine optimum air bearing clearances, air pressures and air volumes are well within the skill of the artisan. Similarly, the power requirements for driving the conveyor and supplying the desired volume of air can be calculated by one skilled in the art.? A typical conveyor could utilize a 42" wide conveyor belt, an air bearing of between about 0.004 and 0.006 inches and be specially adapted to carry baggage or packages at a high rate of speed, e.g., more than 2,100 feet per minute.? As such, an invention has been disclosed in terms of preferred embodiments thereof which fulfills each and every one of the objects of the present invention as set forth above and provides a new and improved air supported belt conveyor and a method of article conveying.? Of course, various changes, modifications and alterations from the teachings of the present invention may be contemplated by those skilled in the art without departing from the intended spirit and scope thereof. It is intended that the present invention only be limited by the terms of the appended claims. 14 中文譯文 氣墊帶式輸送機 極富創(chuàng)造性的的氣墊帶式輸送機與先前支撐托輥或槽形輸送機相比，在技術設計上有了意義重大的改進，由于這個富有創(chuàng)造性的輸送機的支撐托輥結構的提高，使得維修要求被最小化甚至消除了。另外，支撐托輥的淘汰也使裝配結構變得更加簡單。隨著裝配結構簡單化，現場安裝時全部系統(tǒng)的安裝時間減少了，從而有助于減少基建費用。而且，沒有了支撐托輥，就不需要校準過程，而這在原來輸送系統(tǒng)的工藝技術中是必不可少的。 通過消除壓縮點使這次發(fā)明的輸送機優(yōu)于之前最先進的系統(tǒng)，而這一點目前在托輥輸送機上得到體現。有了這個安全上的改善，它也有可能消除沿著傳送帶的拉繩開關，從而促進其他經濟方面的優(yōu)勢。 新的輸送機會使經營成本得到改善是因為其需要較少的電源來驅動輸。在使用托輥輸送機系統(tǒng)，其聚集和摩擦組件會對產生輸送功能耗。通過消除托輥，整體輸送驅動力的功率降低，甚至會提供鼓風機或類似鼓風機功能提供空氣支持輸送帶。 輸送機的發(fā)明也有效地影響了高速傳送帶的提高，例如，每分鐘它的速度超過了2000英尺，尤其是當輸送機可能擁有開放空間。開放空間會存在可能是由于物品被間歇的房子在傳送帶上輸送。這次發(fā)明的輸送機擁有基本上算平滑傳送帶配置，這使得輸送更理想，如輸送行李，包裹或類似的物品。這次發(fā)明的輸送機其特點在于允許空中傳送，除非在側面移動時平衡失去控制，或是因為在使用中過度磨損，可能導致在高速運轉的一般平面輸送無法正常運行。 在指示圖中，形象的描繪以至于可以被模仿出來的一個傳輸機。在圖中?2和3指定的參考是數字20。輸送20包括1增壓室21擁有有對立的兩端23。通過支持增壓室21，直到結束23其中支撐成員25。支撐25位置的氣腔，在適當的海拔范圍，可以使輸送機，與與其相應的流入和出口接通（未顯示）21。支持成員25所顯示的是它的脊梁，但任何結構成員或安排可以用來支持全會室21。 充氣室21包括一個底板27日和一個頂板29，這些與兩側23共同形成一個室內31。在適當情況下提供額外的支持可加強主干33可放置在室內31。 底板27表現了向傳送帶縱軸傾斜傳送帶。排水塞32位于底板27的中點，以方便清除積累的濕氣或其他有害物質。當然，充氣室21的其他配置可以利用內部的31可加壓輸送帶以提供空中支援。 還是回到圖中。在圖中的?2和3，頂板29包含了多個孔35?？?5可以看成是槽，圓孔或類似的，可以分布如圖，或在其他配置，不均勻間距分布等。一個帶37定位在相鄰的頂板29。頂板29作為一個對帶37有支持的功能包含兩種模式。首先，室內31時空氣的資源不產生加壓38，如風扇，鼓風機或其他類似工具，帶子37停滯于板子29。當室內31加壓時，會產生空氣流動通過頂板竅35和相對的下面的37的皮帶底面39?？諝饬鲃觿?chuàng)造一個空氣軸承或提供一個具有一定厚度的空氣墊，以支持帶子37盡管它是由輸送皮帶來進行驅動的（未顯示），。帶傳動是與傳統(tǒng)輸送機相同的，在這里沒有必要再進行更為詳細的對帶子的描述。 更具體地說，空氣或任何壓力流體從一個簡單的低馬力離心風機或任何移動設備的空氣抽入室內31?？諝馔ㄟ^一系列達到或接近縱軸輸送竅逃脫。在空氣中傳播出去寬度明智升空帶37頂面頂板29 40。同時，皮帶推動由傳統(tǒng)的驅動系統(tǒng)。空氣被拉到在大約相同的速度沿皮帶驅動皮帶。沿帶側邊緣，在傳送帶的入口和出口兩端空氣逸出?？諝庖莩?，在出口端，而不是高考結束，更因為帶的旅游提請它的空氣。 頂板29劃分成三個部分，中心大體持平的第41條，反對外部分43，每個角度或從中心第41條所定義的平面向上彎曲，見圖。 2。 外的第43條說明圖。有一個過渡半徑“R”和一般直的第47條第45條3。過渡第45條職能稍微彎曲皮帶，或給它一個轉向行動。 外半徑“R”的定義除了43條也由角度定義“。THETA”。彎曲半徑可以有所不同，取決于特定的輸送應用，例如，從緊的彎曲，當半徑接近零一個漸進的彎曲半徑時可能高達20英寸。一個首選半徑范圍是5至10英寸和最好的5和7英寸，例如，6.5英寸。同樣，角“THETA”可能會有所不同，以及高達60度，最好25度。 35度，最好30度 ......連續(xù)第47條基本上與過渡段45 48的結尾部分定義了一個出口角重合。然而，第47條，可尊重的結尾部分過渡段45 48角度，如果需要的話。 除了提供一個指導行動，皮帶37，角或彎曲的外節(jié)43 29頂板作為參考數字50指定一個帶邊緣指南的一部分功能，見圖。 2。帶邊緣導向控制帶轉向或橫向運動，并在帶旅游帶向上或垂直運動50次助攻。 皮帶邊緣指南50功能，直接從39 37皮帶底面帶邊緣面對51左右，整個皮帶上表面53新興的空氣。在下面更詳細地描述，皮帶邊緣指南50還創(chuàng)建了一個區(qū)增加了53皮帶上表面，以控制帶邊緣向上運動的壓力，尤其是當帶可能有開放的空間，也就是說，沒有正在開展的空間或無負荷的情況。 具體的參照圖。 3，帶邊導50包括一個細長的桿55上運行的大致平行的輸送20軸。桿55位于指南57和直47節(jié)的頂板29。在圖3中，桿55所示抵押指南57 59螺母和螺栓61安排，通過在桿55和指導底面63開口擴大螺母59。該指南57所示參考數字65 25成員的支持。為指導面上指導57其挺拔的表面也可以正常在腰帶上37轉達了第75條第67，見圖2。 55欄的布局，引導57和頂板29創(chuàng)建一個高壓帶面53區(qū)。更特別的是，從皮帶底面39退出的空氣進入休會69 29頂板，底面63和拉長桿面對71所形成。空氣，進入凹部67后，通過在上表面53的帶出槽73。通過對73槽相對于凹部69的尺寸減小的原因，更高的壓力例如，從一個彎時的半徑接近零的一個逐漸彎曲時的半徑可達20英寸。這種高壓力的區(qū)域，往往迫使朝頂板29皮帶的邊緣部分。因此，皮帶表面53和63 57盡量減少或消除指南底面表面之間的聯系。時皮帶在高速行駛，大于1000英尺每分鐘，每分鐘約2200英尺高的，這一行動是非常重要的。表面53和63之間的聯系，在這些高的速度下，可能造成重大的皮帶表面損害。 此外，由于輸送20可攜帶包或箱體，見圖2，帶37可能會看到帶不均勻加載的開放空間。在這些條件下，空氣軸承存在一種傾向，即帶39之間的底面和頂面頂板29 40的距離增加并迫使皮帶向上，包括帶邊緣表面53與50指導與邊緣，從皮帶兩側的空氣逃脫被用來控制和/或減少向上帶邊緣運動。因此，帶可與其進行間歇性的運送和移動，如果需要的話，在高速運動下無皮帶表面損傷。 為了進一步提高增加壓力區(qū)，該指南的57的下表面63可以彎曲或傾斜不同的直線段47或角度對過渡段45角相切。 無論哪種方式計算，不同的基準面，即由63面和參考平面平分平段頂板29 41形成的銳角會大于所形成的直線段或切線過渡段45尊重相同的參考平面。基準面差異之間的底面表面63和過渡段45或連續(xù)第47條的切線供應減少了73槽的尺寸，使壓在凹部69區(qū)增加了一個配置，其中導軌表面63和之間的關系直第47條或第45切線通常是平行的。 它應被理解的皮帶邊緣指南50的設計是模范。可以利用的任何配置或手段，這將直接從皮帶37下左右?guī)н吘壝鎸?1和53超過其上表面的空氣，以創(chuàng)造更大的壓力區(qū)。指導底面63例如，可能是從57的指南，尤其是當挺拔的垂直導軌面67就沒有必要，例如，利用兩個輸送物品輸送20，例如，傳輸與輸送分開，作為循環(huán)輸送機。使用和輸送物品和作為回報輸送機輸送機20，克服缺點，上面提到的在槽返回輸送機時，使用傳統(tǒng)的托輥形空氣支持帶。 要提高37皮帶轉向行動，細長桿55，可以在面71使用低摩擦材料。當帶邊面51接觸桿面71時這種材料減少了摩擦。低摩擦材料，可以是一個涂層，可拆卸的附件或任何其他類型的配置，它可以是細長桿55接口。最好，低摩擦材料氟碳聚合物，如聚氯乙烯，作為涂層或類似。如果需要的話，可以涂整個細長桿。 酒吧55可以采取其他形式提供密封或是保持保證高壓區(qū)域創(chuàng)建。如果需要的話，也可以附加細長桿55與直第47或其他單獨支持。細長桿55也可以作為一個指導57；或靜壓箱21；或不可拆卸的組件。 雖然可以改變的指南63底面和頂板29之間的關系改變的插槽尺寸73，其他手段或設備，可用于調整的插槽尺寸，例如，插入扣押的指導57，突出張口或任何其他結構，這將致使37皮帶上表面所需的壓力增加。 本發(fā)明的方法為依據，支持傳統(tǒng)的空氣帶改善安排皮帶遵循皮帶支持有一個大體持平的中心部分和傾斜外部分的輪廓。有了這個配置，部分用于支持帶壓流體的周圍側邊皮帶和皮帶上表面沿指示。與皮帶邊緣附近的適當配置，增加的壓力區(qū)是在皮帶上表面，以協(xié)助控制帶邊緣向上運動。 一般來說，它需要創(chuàng)造一個空氣軸承或墊了厚度約為0.02英寸。最好，氣墊可以小于0.010英寸或0.004和0.006英寸之間的范圍。當然，目標的空氣軸承可能會有所不同，根據擬用于輸送負荷。一般來說，14至16英寸的風扇壓力水六立方英尺每分鐘的空氣被每輸送直系腳提供所需。再次，這些值可能會有所不同，取決于輸送應用。必要的計算，以確定最佳的空氣軸承間隙，氣壓和空氣量是在工匠的技能。同樣的電力需求為驅動的輸送機，并提供所需的空氣量，可以計算出一個熟練的藝術。 一個典型的輸送機，可以利用一臺42英寸寬輸送帶，約0.004和0.006英寸之間的空氣軸承，特別適合攜帶行李或包裹在一個高的速度，如速度，每分鐘超過2100英尺。 因此，一項發(fā)明已披露中的首選體現其滿足每一個上述規(guī)定，并提供空中支持一個新的和改進的皮帶輸送機和物料輸送的方法，即為本發(fā)明的對象之一。