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Unit5ThepowerofnatureLearningaboutLanguage 1 Reviewtheusefulexpressionsofthetext 2 TocheckuptheExx oflearningaboutLanguage 3 Tolearntheusingofv ingform 1 n 火山2 vi 指火山 爆發(fā) 突然發(fā)生 n 火山爆發(fā) 戰(zhàn)爭等 爆發(fā)3 adv 在旁邊 沿著邊prep 在 旁邊 沿著 的邊4 vt 任命 委派 n 約定 任命5 vt 評估 評價 估計 n 評估 volcano erupt eruption alongside appoint appointment evaluate evaluation 6 n 波浪 波濤vi 波動 起伏 揮手7 adj 絕對的 完全的 absolutelyadv 絕對地8 n 一套外衣 套裝 vt 適合 使適宜 suitableadj 合適的9 n 潛在性 可能性 潛能adj 可能的 潛在的10 adj 實在的 實際的 actuallyadv 實際地 wave absolute suit potential actual Part2Comepletetheparagraphwiththewordsintheboxinthecorrectforms burntothegroundabsolutevolcanoeruptionwavefountainashlavaeruptTheeruptionofMountVesuviusin79ADtookthepeopleofPompeiibysurprise Theyhadalwaysknownthatthemountainwasa butithad Learningaboutlanguage volcano beenquietforsolongthatnobodysawitasathreat Whenthevolcanofinallydid itwassoquickandsoseverethatthetownwassooncoveredin and erupt ash lava AwritercalledPliny whowasthereduringthe describedhowlavawasthrownintotheairlikea Afteritfelltoearth itturnedinto oflavawhichtravelleddownthemountainfasterthanpeoplecouldrunaway Itwasan disatersterforthosewhocouldnotescapeintime ManyofthewoodenhousesandthebungalowsinPompeiiwere butthestonehousesremainedundertheashuntiltheywererediscoveredduringthe20thcentury absolute burnedtotheground fountain waves eruption Grammar Lookingcarefullyattheground Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater The ingformusedasanadverbialclause HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready Ididn ttakemuchnotice Having pastparticiple theperfect ingform torefertoanactionthattookplacebeforethetimeexpressedbymainverb 小結(jié) ing形式的用法 1 ing形式作狀語 WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet ThoughheknowswhereIlive 2 ing形式的完成式 3 使用 ing形式需注意的幾個問題 分詞 短語 作狀語時 其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致 如果不一致 必須用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來表示 也就是在分詞前面加上它的邏輯主語 MywifehadalongtalkwithSally explainingwhyshedidn twantthechildrentoplaytogether 我妻子與莎莉談了很長時間 解釋她為什么不想讓孩子們在一起玩 現(xiàn)在分詞explaining是句子主語mywife做的動作 它們之間是主動關(guān)系 即explaining的邏輯主語就是句子的主語mywife Thetrainhavinggone wehadtowaitanotherday thetrain邏輯主語 havinggone即為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 特別注意 分詞短語作狀語時 分詞短語前面可以加上連詞或介詞 如but and though等 但是分詞短語和句子之間不能用并列連詞 因為并列連詞接的是兩個并列成分 而分詞短語只是全句的一個狀語部分 分詞短語和主句之間可用逗號 例如 誤 Havingbeentoldmanytimes buthestillcouldn tunderstandit 正 Hewastoldmanytimes buthestillcouldn tunderstandit 或 Though havingbeentoldmanytimes hestillcouldn tunderstandit ing的一般式和完成式現(xiàn)在分詞都可以表示先后接連發(fā)生的動作 在可能引起誤解的場合應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示先發(fā)生的動作 例如 Openingthedrawer hetookouthiswallet Heopenedthedrawerandtookouthiswallet 他打開抽屜 拿出錢包 Comingintotheroom heputdownhisbag Hecameintotheroomandputdownhisbag 他走進房間 放下提包 Havingbrushedhisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast 布朗先生刷過牙 就下樓來吃早飯 此句如寫成 Brushinghisteeth Mr Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast 可能指 邊刷牙 邊下樓 分詞的否定形式是在分詞短語前面加上not never等否定詞構(gòu)成 例如 Notfearingthefire thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt 小孩兒不知道怕火 用手去摸 把手指燙了 Notknowinghowtofindthesubway Iaskedapolicemanforhelp 我不知道怎樣找到地鐵 就去找警察幫忙 每空填一詞 使該句與所給句子的意思相同1 Becausehewasill hedidn tgotoschool hedidn tgotoschool 2 Whenshewaswalkingalongthestreetoneday shemetanoldfriendofhers thestreetoneday shemetanoldfriendofhers Beingill Walkingalong 3 Ifitissunny we llgoforapicnictomorrow we llgoforapicnictomorrow 4 Aftershehadfinishedherhomework thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV herhomework thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV 5 Becausetheyhadbeenwarnedbytheteacher theydidn tmakesuchmistakes bytheteacher theydidn tmakesuchmistakes Itbeingsunny Havingfinished Havingbeenwarned 單項填空1 The boywaslastseen nearthebankofthelake missing playingB missing playC missed playedD missed toplay 解析 missing是形容詞 作boy的定語 意思是 失蹤的 waslastseenplaying表示被看見時正在玩 2 MrSmith ofthe speech startedtoreadanovel tired boringB tiring boredC tired boredD tiring boring 解析 此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別 tired moved interested excited bored等過去分詞敘述的是人的本身感受 tiring moving interesting exciting boring等現(xiàn)在分詞敘述的是某一物或事情給予人的感受 句意為 史密斯先生對這個令人厭煩的講話厭倦了 所以開始讀起一本小說來 3 Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren A forcedB forcingC tobeforcedD havingforced4 Thereisagreatdealofevidence thatmusicactivitiesengagedifferentpartsofthebrain A indicateB indicatingC toindicateD tobeindicating Finishthedialogueexercise6onPage38 Homework Bettertolightonecandlethantocursethedarkness 與其詛咒黑暗 不如燃起蠟燭