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Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars ***閱讀理解。 I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, “You mean fortunately.” He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided. My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to plain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I fort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill. Problems are there to be faced and overe. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, “The character cannot be developed with ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.” One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity. From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own. While we cannot choose adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it. Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to bee one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said, “Don’t listen to anyone who tells you that you can’t do this or that. That’s nonsense. Make up your mind, and you’ll never use crutches or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.” The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overe the difficulties they faced. The mon thread(思路) is that they did not bee depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won. Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文?！拔摇彬T自行車去鎮(zhèn)中心時(shí)要經(jīng)過山地，“我”經(jīng)歷了從開始的抱怨到將山地當(dāng)作鍛煉契機(jī)的過程。人生之旅也是如此，我們要有戰(zhàn)勝生活中的艱難的勇氣。 1．Which of the following is true according to the author of the passage? A．Those who want to achieve success can’t expect to live an easy life. B．Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise. C．Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people’s health. D．People’s attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第二句可知，簡(jiǎn)單容易的生活不會(huì)使我們?nèi)〉贸晒?；?jù)此可以推斷，想要成功就不要期望過容易的生活，故A項(xiàng)正確。 2．By quoting what Douglas Bader said, the author intends to tell us “ ”． A．Failure is the mother of success B．A bad workman quarrels with his tools C．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try D．If you risk nothing, you will have nothing C　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第五段Douglas Bader所講的“Make up your mind，and you’ll never use crutches or a stick，and then have a go at everything...impossible”可知，Douglas Bader認(rèn)為面對(duì)困難應(yīng)當(dāng)勇敢嘗試，不要聽信別人所言的太困難或不可能，沒有什么克服不了的困難；據(jù)此可以判斷，作者引用Douglas Bader的話旨在說明，對(duì)于勇于嘗試的人來說，世界上沒有克服不了的困難。故C項(xiàng)正確。 3．Following this passage, the author will further talk about ． A．how his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced B．why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble C．what steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face D．what great people have in mon C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句可知，如何改變面對(duì)困難的態(tài)度仍然是一個(gè)問題；據(jù)此可以判斷，下文將就此問題作進(jìn)一步的闡述。故C項(xiàng)正確。 4．Which of the following can best function as the title of the passage? A．Different Attitudes Towards Misfortune B．Face Difficulties with a Smile C．Nothing is Impossible D．Life is Full of Adversity B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文作者通過敘述將騎自行車經(jīng)過的山地視為鍛煉的機(jī)會(huì)及Helen Keller和Douglas Bader的故事說明，成功的關(guān)鍵是面對(duì)困難的積極態(tài)度。故B項(xiàng)最能概括主題。 ***語法填空。 Last December my mother and I __1__(fly) to London. The first thing we did was to go on a bus sightseeing tour. This is the best way to see all the sights and learn all about the history of the city. By the time the tour was over it was dark. The Christmas lights were very colorful. And __2__really impressed me was so many people made __3__(they) way home through the heavy traffic on bicycles. I was looking forward to spending the next day in Oxford Street with all its __4__(amaze) shops.And what __5__wonderful experience that was! We bought a ticket for the underground and could go everywhere very quickly. Wespentallmorningshoppingandadmiringthe Christmas displays inside the shops and out in the streets. Then we went to a wax museum __6__(call) Madame Tussauds (杜莎夫人蠟像館), which had a lot of wax __7__(figure) of famous people.My mother took a picture of me standing __8__Prince Charles and Prince Harry. From there we took the tube to Buckingham Palace, the home of the two princes, to watch the Changing of the Guard but __9__(fortunate) we couldnt really see well as there were thousands of tourists waiting __10__(take)photos of the ceremony. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者和媽媽去年12月坐飛機(jī)前往英國(guó)倫敦旅游的經(jīng)歷。 1．flew　考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語“Last December”可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填flew。 2．what　考查主語從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語從句且在從句中作主語，所填詞意為“……的事物”，故填what。 3．their　考查代詞。make ones way意思是“前往”，且主語為people，故填their。 4．a(chǎn)mazing　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。amaze意思是“使驚奇”，它的形容詞amazing意思是“令人驚奇的”，常用來修飾物。由shops可知應(yīng)填amazing。 5．a(chǎn)　考查冠詞。此處是what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，句中experience作名詞，意為“經(jīng)歷”，是可數(shù)名詞，所以要用不定冠詞修飾，故填a。 6．called　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。call與wax museum為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語，故填called。 7．figures　考查名詞的數(shù)。此處表示“那里有許多名人的蠟像”。由“a lot of”可知，此處要用可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填figures。 8．between　考查介詞。between ... and表示“在……之間”。 9．unfortunately　考查副詞。根據(jù)空后的“we couldnt really see well”可知，應(yīng)用提示詞的否定形式，且要用副詞來修飾整個(gè)句子。故填unfortunately。 10．to take　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。wait to do sth. “等待做某事”，為固定用法。 ***完形填空。 When you give thanks for help，everyone benefits.And the __1__ will last longer than youd expect：researchers have found that writing thankyou notes raises peoples __2__ levels for up to six months. “If you express gratitude in a diary，it makes you happier，but if you __3__ it with the person who helped you，it has the __4__ to bring you two closer together，”says researcher Jeff Tsang. Lawyer John Kralik experienced this personally.Hed been feeling depressed and __5__ about his life：Hed been divorced and wasnt __6__ with his children.He felt tired from the __7__ hours he devoted to work.At a/an __8__ low point，he remembered his grandfather telling him about the importance of __9__.He decided to write 365 thankyou notes over 365 days，hoping for a/an __10__ change. Immediately，he noticed his __11__ begin to improve.“The first effects are that you realise that your life is much better than you thought and you bee more positive，”Kralik says of his __12__ acts of expressing thanks. __13__ by Kraliks experience，I decided to try the __14__ myself.I chose someone from my past whom Id __15__ thanked before：my wonderful highschool English teacher.I wasnt sure if Id be able to __16__ him，but eventually I found where he lived. In my letter，I thanked him for the __17__ and support that hed given me years earlier.I may never hear from him __18__，but that isnt the __19__.The letter helped me __20__ my life，and Ive been happy now for months. 1．A.time　　　　　　B．thoughts C．effects D．relationship 2．A.education B．happiness C．ine D．health 3．A.share B．plete C．pare D．leave 4．A.method B．desire C．energy D．potential 5．A.discouraged B．dishonest C．impatient D．surprised 6．A.bored B．strict C．close D．honest 7．A.limited B．valuable C．delightful D．long 8．A.importantly B．particularly C．physically D．exactly 9．A.forgiveness B．a(chǎn)chievement C．gratefulness D．patience 10．A.positive B．unexpected C．possible D．instant 11．A.wealth B．a(chǎn)ttitude C．position D．petence 12．A.generous B．strange C．brave D．simple 13．A.Struck B．Inspired C．Shocked D．Invited 14．A.idea B．belief C．letter D．test 15．A.nearly B．frequently C．a(chǎn)lready D．never 16．A.remember B．recognise C．locate D．reward 17．A.degree B．money C．gift D．guidance 18．A.in advance B．in public C．in return D．in person 19．A.case B．point C．fact D．solution 20．A.appreciate B．understand C．face D．review 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們這樣一個(gè)道理：當(dāng)你對(duì)別人表達(dá)出感謝之情時(shí)，你會(huì)變得更快樂。 1．C　考查名詞辨折。根據(jù)“benefits”并結(jié)合第一段可知，此處指感謝別人對(duì)自己的影響要比你預(yù)想的長(zhǎng)久。C項(xiàng)意為“效果，影響”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“時(shí)間”；B項(xiàng)意為“想法”；D項(xiàng)意為“關(guān)系”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 2．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指寫感謝信可以提高人們的幸福水平。B項(xiàng)意為“幸福”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“教育”；C項(xiàng)意為“收入”；D項(xiàng)意為“健康”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 3．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)此句中的“bring you two closer together”可知，此處指與幫助你的人分享這件事。share sth.with sb.意為“與某人分享某物”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“比較”；D項(xiàng)意為“離開”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 4．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指如果你與幫助你的人一起分享感激之情，這就有可能將你們兩人之間的距離拉近。D項(xiàng)意為“可能性，潛能”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“方法”；B項(xiàng)意為“欲望”；C項(xiàng)意為“精力”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 5．A　考查形容詞辨折。根據(jù)該句中的“feeling depressed”可知，此處應(yīng)用“discouraged”與“depressed”并列，指他對(duì)生活感到沮喪。 A項(xiàng)意為“泄氣的”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“不誠(chéng)實(shí)的”；C項(xiàng)意為“沒有耐心的”；D項(xiàng)意為“感到驚訝的”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 6．C　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)本句中的“Hed been divorced”可知，他已經(jīng)離婚了，并且與孩子也不親近。C項(xiàng)意為“親近的，親密的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“無聊的”；B項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)格的”；D項(xiàng)意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)的”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 7．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)“felt tired from”可推知，此處指因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間的工作，所以他感到疲勞。D項(xiàng)意為“長(zhǎng)的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“有限的”；B項(xiàng)意為“有價(jià)值的”；C項(xiàng)意為“高興的”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 8．B　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，他離婚了，和孩子也不親近，而且工作辛苦，所以這是他人生的低谷。B項(xiàng)意為“尤其，特別”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“重要地”；C項(xiàng)意為“身體上”；D項(xiàng)意為“恰恰，正好”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 9．C　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“He decided to write 365 thankyou notes”可知，此處指他記起祖父告訴過他感激的重要性。C項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“原諒”；B項(xiàng)意為“成就”；D項(xiàng)意為“耐心”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 10．A　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)下一段第二句中的“you bee more positive”可知，此處指他希望通過這種方式獲得一個(gè)積極的改變。A項(xiàng)意為“積極的”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“出人意料的”；C項(xiàng)意為“可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“立即的”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 11．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，這位律師正處于人生的低谷時(shí)期，然后通過寫感謝信使得他的態(tài)度開始改善。B項(xiàng)意為“態(tài)度”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“財(cái)富”；C項(xiàng)意為“位置”；D項(xiàng)意為“能力”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 12．D　考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)空格后的“expressing thanks”可知，寫感謝信只是表達(dá)感謝的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的行為。D項(xiàng)意為“簡(jiǎn)單的”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“慷慨的”；B項(xiàng)意為“奇怪的”；C項(xiàng)意為“勇敢的”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 13．B　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)下文可知，“我”也決定寫感謝信了。由此推斷出，“我”是受了Kralik的經(jīng)歷的鼓舞。B項(xiàng)意為“鼓舞，激勵(lì)”，符合語境。故答案選B。 14．A　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”決定親自試試這個(gè)想法。A項(xiàng)意為“想法，主意”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“信念”；C項(xiàng)意為“信”；D項(xiàng)意為“測(cè)試”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 15．D　考查副詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”不知道這位高中英語老師的地址，所以他是“我”以前從未感謝過的人。D項(xiàng)意為“從未”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“幾乎”；B項(xiàng)意為“經(jīng)?！?；C項(xiàng)意為“已經(jīng)”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 16．C　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。根據(jù)“but eventually I found where he lived”可知，此處指“我”不知道是否能夠找到他。C項(xiàng)意為“找出……的準(zhǔn)確位置”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“記得”；B項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)出”；D項(xiàng)意為“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，獎(jiǎng)賞”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 17．D　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)語境可知，“我”感謝的對(duì)象是“我”的一位高中英語老師，所以“我”應(yīng)是感謝他給予“我”的指導(dǎo)和幫助。D項(xiàng)意為“指導(dǎo)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“程度，等級(jí)”；B項(xiàng)意為“金錢”；C項(xiàng)意為“禮物”，均與語境不符。故答案選D。 18．C　考查介詞短語辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，“我”寫感謝信給多年前的老師，而老師不一定會(huì)回信給“我”。C項(xiàng)意為“作出回應(yīng)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“提前”；B項(xiàng)意為“公開地”；D項(xiàng)意為“親自”，均與語境不符。故答案選C。 19．B　考查名詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“Ive been happy now for months”可知，“我”快樂了幾個(gè)月，所以此處指老師是否回信不是重點(diǎn)。B項(xiàng)意為“重點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)”，符合語境。A項(xiàng)意為“事例”；C項(xiàng)意為“事實(shí)”；D項(xiàng)意為“解決方法”，均與語境不符。故答案選B。 20．A　考查動(dòng)詞辨析。聯(lián)系全文的內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是關(guān)于表達(dá)出感謝可以給自己帶來快樂，所以此處指這封感謝信幫助“我”感激“我”的生活，“我”為此快樂了幾個(gè)月。A項(xiàng)意為“感激”，符合語境。B項(xiàng)意為“理解”；C項(xiàng)意為“面對(duì)”；D項(xiàng)意為“回顧”，均與語境不符。故答案選A。 ***短文改錯(cuò) It is five years now since I graduate from high school. Last Saturday, our class held a gettogether, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a properly time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, talk about the people and things they were familiar with. It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone abroad with further study. Besides, they called back or sent greeting card from different places. 答案： It is five years now since I from high school. Last Saturday, our class held a gettogether, which took us a long time prepare. It was indeed not easy to get in touch with everybody and set a time for all of us. We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, about the people and things were familiar with. It was a pity some of us were not present as they had gone abroad further study. ， they called back or sent greeting from different places. 難項(xiàng)分析： 第一處：graduate→graduated　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。在“It is＋時(shí)間段＋since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句”中，從句要使用一般過去時(shí)，故graduate應(yīng)使用過去式。 第五處：talk→talking　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。主語We與talk之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表主動(dòng)，故應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。 第九處：Besides→However　考查副詞。根據(jù)前后句句意可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且此處用逗號(hào)隔開，故應(yīng)用副詞However。 ***