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Friendship 人教必修一Unit 1　Friendship 【短文語法填空】 Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1. (write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms and close 2. (connect) with particular historical periods，such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.Its existence 3. (document) at least as early as the publication of the Classic of Poetry or Shijing.4. (variety) binations of forms and genres exist.Many or most of these 5. (arise) at the end of the Tang Dynasty. Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 6. (active) continued up to the year of 1919，7. the May Fourth Movement took place，and is still developed even today. Poetry created during this 2，500year period of moreorless continuous development shows 8. great deal of diversity—classified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods. Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry，another is 9. (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art，such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 10. poetry worldwide. 【語篇解讀】　本文為說明文。文章簡單介紹了中國古詩的一些相關(guān)情況。 1．written　[考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。中國古詩是用古文寫的傳統(tǒng)中國詩歌。write與poetry之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作后置定語。] 2．connections　[考查名詞?？涨坝行稳菰~close“緊密的”，故空處填名詞。connection在此表示“(兩種事實(shí)、觀念等的)聯(lián)系，關(guān)聯(lián)”，是可數(shù)名詞，故填名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。] 3．is documented　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。document在此表示“記錄，記載”，是及物動(dòng)詞，document與existence之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且此處表示客觀事實(shí)，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。] 4．Various　[考查形容詞。存在多種多樣的形式和種類的結(jié)合體?？仗幮揎椕~binations，故填形容詞various“多種多樣的”。] 5．a(chǎn)rose　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。它們中的很多或者說大部分產(chǎn)生于唐代晚期。arise“產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語at the end of the Tang Dynasty可知本句用一般過去時(shí)。] 6．a(chǎn)ctively　[考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾謂語動(dòng)詞continued，故用副詞actively“活躍地”。] 7．when　[考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)定語從句，先行詞是the year of 1919，空處在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，故填when。] 8．a(chǎn)　[考查冠詞。a great deal of“大量的，許多”，是固定搭配，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，故填a。] 9．its　[考查代詞。空處指代對象是Classical Chinese poetry，且表示“……的”，故填its。] [易錯(cuò)分析]　本空容易誤填their，因?yàn)閷W(xué)生沒有弄清楚文章的邏輯關(guān)系，以為空處指代的對象是前面的the key aspects。但是如果這樣的話，句意就說不通了。 10．on/upon　[考查介詞。influence“影響”常與介詞on/upon連用。] add vt.&vi.增加；添加；補(bǔ)充說 add up 把……加起來 add up to 加起來共計(jì)/達(dá)(不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)) add to 增加；增添 add...to...把……加入到…… ①(教材原句)Add up your score and see how many points you get. 把你的分?jǐn)?shù)加起來看看能得多少分。 ②This latest incident will_add (add)to the pressure on the government. 最近的這次事件將會(huì)給政府增加壓力。 ③單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅰ)Our caf offers a plete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition (add) to seasonal specials. concern vt.(使)擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到 n．關(guān)心；關(guān)注；關(guān)系 (1)show/express concern about/for 對……表示關(guān)心 It’s no concern of mine/yours.這不關(guān)我/你的事。 (2)concerned adj.擔(dān)心的；關(guān)注的 be concerned about/over/for 關(guān)心；掛念；擔(dān)心 be concerned with/in 與……有關(guān)；涉及 as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言 (3)concerning prep.關(guān)于；有關(guān) ①(教材原句)You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then. 告訴你的朋友你關(guān)心他/她，下課后你們就見面談?wù)劇? ②語境填詞(用concern及其短語的適當(dāng)形式填空) Besides doing his research work，Professor Li concerns (concern) himself with social work.For example，he is_concerned (concern) about world peace and human progress.He also made it clear that his research work should be_concerned (concern) with the farmers’ine. 除了做研究工作外，李教授還參與到社會(huì)工作中去。比如，他關(guān)注世界和平以及人類的進(jìn)步，他還聲明說他的研究工作必須和農(nóng)民的收入息息相關(guān)。 ③(2016全國卷Ⅱ)Others are_concerned (concern) about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)． 別的一些人對采用這種需要水和肥料少的園藝方法擔(dān)心。 ④單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)Now similar concerns (concern) are being raised by the giants (巨頭) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. concerned作形容詞充當(dāng)前置定語時(shí)，意為“關(guān)心的，掛念的，擔(dān)心的”；如果要表示“相關(guān)的，有關(guān)的”，作定語時(shí)要后置。例如：a concerned look關(guān)切的神色；the authorities concerned 有關(guān)當(dāng)局。 suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷 (1)suffer vt.遭受；蒙受，其后常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger，punishment，hardship，damage等名詞作賓語 (2)suffer vi.后常接from，表示“受……折磨；受……之苦；患某種疾病” (3)suffering n．[U]痛苦；苦難[pl.]痛苦；苦惱 ①(教材原句)She suffered from loneliness，but she had to learn to like it there. 她感到孤獨(dú)，但她得學(xué)會(huì)喜歡住在那里。 ②(2016江蘇卷)She suffered (suffer)a lot of defeats at the previous track meets. 她在以前的田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)上遭受了許多失敗。 ③Having_suffered (suffer) defeat after defeat，he began to lose faith in himself. 遭受了一次又一次的失敗，他開始對自己失去信心。 ④單句語法填空(2017北京卷)Paris had_suffered (suffer) a sudden heart failure. Paris突然心臟病發(fā)作。 【七選五】 Four simple ways to stay positive Trying to stay positive, both in good times and bad, is a great way to improve your quality of life. Try these four methods on a daily basis. Don’t think a lot about negativity. Of course, staying positive 24 hours a day, seven days a week is a bit difficult. Letting things get to you is normal, and it’s actually healthy to cry or express frustrations once in a while. It’s when those negative moments control your life that your emotional balance is at risk.　 1 　However, don’t give that sadness another second in your day. 　 2 　 What you put into your body directly affects how you feel on the outside. Fill yourself with good, healthy foods like fruits and vegetables and limit snacking. Exercise is equally of great importance. Take a few days out of your week for at least a half an hour of activity, and try to stick to a routine.　 3 　 Be kind to others. 　 4 　Making someone’s day a bit brighter not only puts a smile on his or her face, but also yours as well. Remember to smile and treat each person with pity and respect. Good deeds are contagious(傳染的), and your positive attitude may spread among others. Take it one day at a time. Being positive isn’t an instant thing. It’s a steady effort that we follow every hour of every day.　 5 　Instead, focus on living in the moment and doing what you can to make each moment better. A. Eat healthy and stay fit. B.Take your lunch breaks outside. C.Don’t worry about what the future may bring. D.Gratefulness helps you appreciate life in bad times. E.Good feelings e from acts of kindness and selflessness. F.Take a few minutes to feel sad and accept what happened. G.Even going outside for a walk and enjoying the sunshine improves your mood. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。講述的是每天保持積極樂觀的四種方法。 1.F 【解析】根據(jù)下文However, don’t give that sadness another second in your day.可知此處表示你可以花幾分鐘感覺難過，然后接受發(fā)生的事情，但是在你的一天里不能再難過了，故選F。 2.A 【解析】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容可知本段表示的是要吃得健康并保持健康，故選A。 4.E 【解析】本段講述的是要對別人和善，要尊重和同情每一個(gè)人，你做的好事也會(huì)影響別人效仿你，由此可知此處表示＂好的感覺來自于善意和無私的行為＂，故選E。 5.C 【解析】根據(jù)下文Instead, focus on living in the moment and doing what you can to make each moment better.（集中注意力活在當(dāng)下，盡你所能地使每一個(gè)都變得更好）可知此處表示＂不要擔(dān)心未來可能會(huì)帶來什么＂，故選C。 go through 經(jīng)歷；仔細(xì)檢查；完成 go ahead 前進(jìn)；請說(做)吧 go against 背叛；違背；違反 go back(to...) 回來；追溯到…… go by 走過(某處)；(時(shí)間)過去，流逝 go on 繼續(xù) go out 外出；(火、燈)熄滅 go over 越過……；溫習(xí) ①(教材原句)Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you，or would not understand what you are going through? 或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正經(jīng)歷的事情？ ②It’s no use going (go) against the director’s decision. 反對上司的決定沒用。 觀察下列句子，寫出句中g(shù)o through的含義 ③The old man went through a lot of suffering during the war.經(jīng)歷 ④The doctor will go through the operation soon.完成；做完 ⑤I went through the students’ papers last night.仔細(xì)檢查 ⑥I seem to be going through a lot of money at the moment.花完，用掉 ⑦單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅱ)The Transition is now going_through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. set down 寫下；放下；使(飛機(jī))著陸 set about(doing)sth.著手(做)某事 set out 出發(fā)；(to do sth.)開始，著手(做某事) set off 動(dòng)身(for...)；引爆(炸彈等) set up 豎起；創(chuàng)設(shè)；開辦 set aside 儲(chǔ)蓄；擱置；忽視；拋棄 ①(教材原句)I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do，but I want this diary itself to be my friend... 我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬，我要把這本日記當(dāng)作我的朋友…… ②The bus stopped to_set(set) down an old lady. 公共汽車停下來讓一個(gè)老太太下車。 ③From a longterm point of view，it is time for us to_set (set) about solving (solve) this problem. 從長遠(yuǎn)看，到了我們著手解決這個(gè)問題的時(shí)候了。 set about表示“著手做……”時(shí)后接doing或名詞；而set out表示“著手做……”時(shí)后面接to do。 get along/on with與某人相處；某事進(jìn)展(如何) get in 插話；收獲；進(jìn)入 get it 明白；理解 get across 講清楚；(使)被領(lǐng)會(huì) get away from 離開；脫身 get about/around (消息)傳開 get down to(doing)sth.認(rèn)真做某事；開始著手做某事 get over渡過；痊愈；恢復(fù) get through穿越；通過(考試)；聯(lián)絡(luò)上 ①(教材原句)I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. 我跟我們班的一個(gè)男生相處得很好。 ②We haven’t a great ine，but we manage to_get (get) along. 我們收入不多，但我們想法生活下去。 ③單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅲ)For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to_get (get) out and about without having to rely on others. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Last Sunday，I joined the voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 8∶00 a．m.，we arrived there，wore red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic rule.To our delighted，they all waited for the green light patient except one motor-biker.We also give out some handmade brochures about traffic regulations，for that many people praised us.About 4 hours later，they said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts. 答案： Last Sunday，I joined voluntary group to help keep the traffic in good order at a big crossing near our school.At 8∶00 a．m.，we arrived there， red vests with the word VOLUNTEER on the back.We helped with the police remind the passers-by to obey traffic .To our ，they all waited for the green light except one motor-biker.We also out some hand-made brochures about traffic regulations，for many people praised us.About 4 hours later， said good-bye to the police and left.Tired as we were，we all felt an honor to do our parts. ?　解析：在全文中是第一次出現(xiàn)，不能用特指，而應(yīng)用泛指。故將the改為a。 ?　解析：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表主動(dòng)含義，此處wear的主語是we，其間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 ?　解析：幫助某人做某事，不存在help with sb.sth這一搭配。故將with去掉。 ?　解析：交通法規(guī)為固定用語，法規(guī)肯定不可能就一個(gè)。故將rule改為rules。 ?　解析：固定用語，意為令我們高興的是……。故將delighted改為delight。 ?　解析：副詞修飾形容詞，此處是用副詞patiently修飾形容詞waited。 ?　解析：整篇文章所描述的事情發(fā)生在過去，所以動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。 ?　解析：考查定語從句中介詞＋which的用法，此處for是與后面praised相照應(yīng)的，praise sb.for sth. ?　解析：全篇的人稱都是we我們，根據(jù)句意也應(yīng)該是“我們和警察道別”。 　解析：it在此處作形式賓語不可省略，真正的賓語是后面的不定式。 While walking_the_dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的時(shí)候，你不小心松了手，結(jié)果狗被一輛汽車撞了。 句中 while walking the dog 是一個(gè)省略句，補(bǔ)全后為：while you were walking the dog。 (1)省略句的條件 ①when，while，before，after，unless，if，as if等狀語從句中的主語與主句主語一致或從句主語為it ②狀語從句謂語中含有be動(dòng)詞 (2)省略句的形式 省略從句中的主語和be動(dòng)詞 ③(2016上海卷)When choosing (choose) everyday products such as toothpaste，we appreciate a coollooking device that allows us to easily squeeze the toothpaste onto our brush. 當(dāng)我們選擇日用品時(shí)，如牙膏，我們很喜歡一個(gè)看起來很酷的裝置，能讓我們很容易地把牙膏擠到我們的牙刷上。 ④The man was lying on the ground，motionless，as if (he was) seriously injured (injure)． 那名男子躺在地上一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，好像是受了重傷。 ⑤(2015湖南卷)Video games can be a poor influence if left (leave) in the wrong hands. 如果電子游戲落入一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的人手中，就能夠產(chǎn)生不良的影響 ⑥While I was (be) in Beijing，I paid a visit to the Great Wall. 在北京時(shí)，我游覽了長城。 ⑦(2015北京卷)If accepted (accept) for the job，you’ll be informed soon. 如果錄用你了，我們將很快通知你。 ⑧單句語法填空(2017浙江卷)Last October, while tending (tend) her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty－five months before they were discovered. 她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個(gè)月之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。 before conj.用以表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前的時(shí)間，譯法靈活。 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，意為：不等……就……；在……之前 ①(2015天津卷)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can_solve (solve)it. 在我們解決問題之前，我們需要找到問題的根源。 (2)It＋be＋時(shí)間段＋before 從句，意為：……之后才……。 ②(2015重慶卷)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one. 如果你錯(cuò)過這次機(jī)會(huì)，可能要等幾年才會(huì)再有。 (3)It＋be＋not＋long＋before從句，意為：……不久就……。 ③It was not long before he told (tell) me the news. 不久他就告訴了我那個(gè)消息。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅰ)The cafe′ is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes. 【閱讀理解】 Taylore is a kid who passes by to ride sometimes and help us with chores. Barely 15, she’s never short of advice, and one of her favorite pastimes is teasing me about being afraid to go too fast on a horse. Last summer four of us rode down the trail behind our woods: my wife Karen, Taylore, Taylore’s friend Kendall and me. I was riding my 13-year-old, Tawny. We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,　I pushed Tawny into a gallop（飛馳）. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on. Taylore brushed past my left leg and, seconds later, Kendall went by on my right. I realized Tawny was covering ground faster than I’d ever seen her. She strained every muscle in her body to catch up with the girls. It was like a truck winding over a mountain road without brakes (閘). Part of me felt perfectly in control, while another part screamed that I wasn’t. In half a mile I knew we’d be crossing the highway, so I prayed that the girls would be fine. I gave up calculating how long it might take before my horse would be tried enough to want to slow down. I was just about out of answers when I saw the girls slowing in front of me. Their horses were relaxed and fortable, not even breathing hard. Taylore’s face glowed. She gave me a high five. ＂Wow, you did well, ＂she said. ＂ I knew you’d go fast when you were ready.＂ No one in the group had even broken a sweat, except me. I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Karen claims I was showing off for the girls that day, and maybe she’s right. But I think I had something to prove. Because despite my wrinkles (皺紋), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart. And, like a horse on a warm summer day, I’m always ready to kick up my heels. 1. How did the race between the girls and the author begin? A. His horse’s gallop made the other horses want to catch up. B. He wanted to show off his riding skills for the girls. C. They wanted to know whose horse could run fastest. D. They teased him about being afraid to go too fast on a horse. 2. During the race, ___________. A. the author’s horse outran the girl’s horses the whole time B. the author was confident that Tawny was in control C. the girls were so anxious to win that they sweated a lot D. the author’s good performance took Taylore by surprise 3. When the race ended, the author’s heart pounded because ________. A. he was feeling thrilled and young B. it was really tough exercise for him C. he was worried that the girls might be in danger D. he felt quite embarrassed that he had lost the race 4. The phrase ＂ kick up my heels＂ at the end can be replaced by _________. A. devote myself B. enjoy myself C. accept my challenge D. take part in running petition 【文章大意】文章描述作者和兩個(gè)女孩騎馬比賽，這讓作者感到興奮，也感到雖然自己上了年紀(jì)，但是有一顆年輕的心。 1.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的＂We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop(飛馳). The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.＂可知，作者的馬飛馳起來使得其它馬想要趕上。故選A。 3.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的＂I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. …Because despite my wrinkles (皺紋), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart.＂可知，比賽結(jié)束的時(shí)候，作者的心狂跳因?yàn)樗杏X興奮而且年輕。故選A。