電腦機(jī)件沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造-落料沖孔模、彎曲模復(fù)合模含24張CAD圖.zip,電腦,機(jī)件,沖壓,模具設(shè)計(jì),制造,沖孔,彎曲,復(fù)合,24,CAD .Sawing Sawing is the parting of material by using metal disks, blades, bands, or abrasive disks as the cutting tools. Sawing a piece from stock for further machining is called cutoff sawing, while shaping of forming a piece is referred to as contour sawing. Machine sawing of metal is performed by five types of saws or processes: hacksawing, babd sawing, cold sawing, friction sawing, and abrasive sawing. Hacksaws are used principally as cutoff tools. The toothed blade, held in tension, is reciprocated across the workpiece. A vise holds the stock in position. The blade is fed into the work by gravity or spring. Sometimes a mechanical or hydraulic feed is used. Automatic machines, handling bar-length stock, are used for continuous production. Band saws cut rapidly and are suited for either cutoff or contour sawing. The plane in which the blade operates classifies the machine as being either vertical or horizontal. Band saws are basically a flexible endless band of steel running over pulleys or wheels. The band has teeth on one side and is operated under tension. Guides keep it running true. The frame of the horizontal type is pivoted to allow positioning of the workpiece in the vise. Horizontal machines are used for either straight or angular cuts. A table that supports the workpiece and the wide throat between the upright portions of the blade makes the vertical band saw ideal for contour work. Band saws operating at high speed are frequently used as friction saws. Cold sawing is principally a cutoff operation. The blade is a circular disk with cutting teeth on its periphery. Blades range in size from a few inches to several feet in diameter. The cutting teeth may be cut into the periphery of the disk or they may be inserts of a harder material. The blade moves into the stock with a positive feed. Stock is positioned manually in some cold-sawing machines, while other models are equipped for automatic cycle sawing. Friction sawing is a rapid process used to cut steel as well as certain plastics. This process is not satisfactory for cast iron and nonferrous metals. Cutting is done as the high-speed blade wipes the metal from the kerf after softening it with frictional heat. Circular alloy-steel blades perform cutoff work, thile frictional band saws do both cutoff and contour sawing. Circular blades are frequently cooled by water or air. Circular blades are adcanced into the work, thile thick work-pieces require power-table feed then friction-cut on a band saw. Abrasive sawing is a cutoff process using thin rubber or bakelite bonded abrasive disks. In addition to steel, other materials such as nonferrous metals, ceramics, glass, certain plastics, and hard rubber are cut by this method. Cutting is done by the abrasive action of the grit in the disk. Abrasive disks are operated either wet or dry. For heavy cutting a cooling agent is generally used. The workpiece is firmly held while the wheel traverses through it. Machines are made in manually operated and automatic models. Drilling Holes are one of the most common features in products manufactured today. There-fore, drilling and other related processes and tools are extremely important. Holes as small as 0.005in.may be drilled using special techniques. On the other hand , holes larger than 切削 切削是一種利用多刃槽切削刀具對已經(jīng)存在的孔進(jìn)行擴(kuò)大、平滑或精確確定尺寸的加工工藝。當(dāng)鉸刀或工件旋轉(zhuǎn)并相對進(jìn)給時(shí)，就會產(chǎn)生切屑從孔壁取出相對較少量的材料。切削可以在同一型號的鉆削機(jī)床上進(jìn)行。 切削產(chǎn)生的孔精度和精加工質(zhì)量主要取決于起始孔的情況、機(jī)床和夾具的剛性、正確的速度合進(jìn)給量、適合的并恰當(dāng)使用的切削液以及鈍刀具的重新精確磨快。 由于切削的切削率較小而且必須均勻，起始孔（鉆的或由其他方式制造的）必須具有相對較好的圓度、平直度和光潔度。鉸刀傾向于沿已經(jīng)鉸出的孔的中心線而行，而且在有限的場合可能需要在切削之前進(jìn)行鏜孔來維持所需的公差。利用合適的條件和工作參數(shù)，切削可以產(chǎn)生精密公差和光潔表面。 鉸刀 鉸刀是一種旋轉(zhuǎn)的切削刀具，一般是柱型或錐形，用于擴(kuò)孔和精整孔至精確尺寸。鉸刀通常裝有兩個(gè)或更多外圍通道或凹槽，即可平行于其軸線也可以根據(jù)需要右或左螺旋。那些帶有提供光滑的剪切式切斷的螺旋槽的鉸刀很少受到振動，因此產(chǎn)生較好的光潔度。凹槽形成了切削齒并提供除屑的通道。 鉸刀的種類 鉸刀被做成多種形式：包括整體式和刀片嵌入式 、可調(diào)或不可調(diào)的；它即可用于手工作業(yè)（手鉸刀）也可供機(jī)器用（機(jī)用鉸刀）。用于制造大多數(shù)生產(chǎn)用鉸刀的切削元件的材料，又高速鋼和硬質(zhì)合金。 硬質(zhì)合金鉸刀 由于壽命更長而且精度和阻力的到了提高，這類刀具正日益廣泛使用。 鏜孔鉸刀 這類刀具將鏜削和切削組合在一次作業(yè)中來提高孔的尺寸、平直度和光潔度的加工精度問題。在使用導(dǎo)向襯套的應(yīng)用中所用的單刃鏜孔鉸刀，在刀具的后段有一個(gè)單刃切削刃，再后是切削段。多刃鏜孔鉸刀用于不能使用襯套的加工中。 供給冷卻液的鉸刀 這類刀具帶有向切削刃導(dǎo)引冷卻液的裝置（通常是內(nèi)部通道），對于某些應(yīng)用有優(yōu)勢，尤其當(dāng)切削盲孔時(shí)。在這樣的應(yīng)用中，在鉸刀/工件的界面處降低的摩擦和溫度，因而減少了磨損并延長了刀具壽命。在一些情況下，可以提高進(jìn)給量和速度并且能提高精度和光潔度。使用冷卻液的鉸刀的初始成本較高，但是生產(chǎn)率和質(zhì)量的提高常常使之在經(jīng)濟(jì)上令人滿意。 鉸刀夾頭/傳動裝置 鉸刀通常有三爪卡盤、直襯套和固定螺釘和傳動；而對于錐病鉸刀，用的是襯套何套筒。帶有快卸卡盤聯(lián)結(jié)其的鉸刀用于生產(chǎn)中。 當(dāng)鉸刀必須將自身導(dǎo)入前先加工的孔內(nèi)，它需要浮動夾頭來保持對正。有幾種類型的浮動夾頭。有些允許角度浮動，其它允許平行（軸向）浮動，還有的既允許角度浮動也允許平行浮動。 浮動夾頭有一些局限性。如果鉸刀軸線是垂直的，浮動鉸刀裝置常常可以很好的修正少量的不對正。然而，當(dāng)工件向在螺紋車削機(jī)、車床和一些其它機(jī)床上那樣旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，浮動夾頭有時(shí)并不適合。這是因?yàn)樵谶@種機(jī)器上常發(fā)現(xiàn)有相對較大的不對正而且鉸刀和夾頭的重量往往將刀具推到偏心的位置。本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)包含了論文文檔和CAD圖紙；畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)文檔使用Word 2003撰寫；圖紙類型AutoCAD2010.dwg。 有些可以補(bǔ)償角度和平行不對正的完全浮動夾頭裝有用于平衡夾頭質(zhì)量的彈簧或其他零件。浮動夾頭一般不能既垂直有水平工作而仍可修正角度和平行不對正。應(yīng)用細(xì)節(jié)（垂直或水平工作以及旋轉(zhuǎn)或固定的刀具）應(yīng)該在定制浮動夾頭時(shí)確定。 切削的工件夾持 切削夾具設(shè)計(jì)和襯套的使用基本上于鉆削的相同。夾聚合襯套的主要功能是對工件精確定位、支撐和固定以及對刀具精確引導(dǎo)。切削的差異在于夾具和襯套一般都需要鉸精確的公差。 切削的工作參數(shù) 必須確定的用于高效經(jīng)濟(jì)切削的因素包括適合的切削速度、進(jìn)給速率和使用的切削液。其它需要考慮的重要事項(xiàng)時(shí)鉸刀的重磨和發(fā)現(xiàn)并排除作業(yè)故障。 ４