遙控器殼體的塑料注塑模具設(shè)計(jì)含NX三維及15張CAD圖-獨(dú)家.zip,遙控器,殼體,塑料,注塑,模具設(shè)計(jì),NX,三維,15,CAD,獨(dú)家 英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 翻譯原文題目： Unit 2 Introduction to Die Materials 文獻(xiàn)出處： She C H, Chang C C, Kao Y C, et al. A study on the computer-aided measuring integration system for the sheet metal stamping die[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2006, 177(1-3):138-141. 翻譯正文： Part 1 Technical and Practical Reading 第一部分 專業(yè)閱讀 Reading A 21st Century Stamping Material Specifications 閱讀A 21世紀(jì)沖壓材料的規(guī)格 Advanced technology in the metal stamping industry has rendered obsolete traditional methods of selecting, specifying, and supplying material. Using modern technology to quantify materials can reduce the occurrence of material variation exceeding the die and process capabilities and make die development a much more efficient process. 金屬沖壓行業(yè)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)已經(jīng)淘汰了傳統(tǒng)的選材、定型和供應(yīng)材料的方法。使用現(xiàn)代的技術(shù)對材料進(jìn)行量化可以減少材料變化超出模具和工藝能力的發(fā)生率，并且可以使模具發(fā)展成為一個(gè)更高效的進(jìn)程。 Traditional Methods 傳統(tǒng)方法 Traditionally the binder developments for sheet metal draw dies were created by pattern-makers who built shapes in plaster around a precision model of the final part shape. The dies were made to work (more or less) with a process called try out. The performance of a traditional new die is represented by the circle, and the capability of the sheet material is represented by the square. The arrows in the circle indicate that the die's performance can be altered with changes in the operating conditions. A new die is never in the operating window of the material． 在傳統(tǒng)方式上來說，用于金屬板拉伸的模粘結(jié)劑的發(fā)展是由制模者建立的，制模者在形成成品件形狀的精確模型的周圍石膏中創(chuàng)建了形狀。這些模具或多或少需要一些試模的過程才能使用。傳統(tǒng)的新型模具的性能用圓來表示，片材的性能用正方形來表示。圓圈中的箭頭表示，模具的性能可以隨著操作條件的改變而改變。 The circle in Figure2-1 represents the tryout die's performance. The material's ability to form into the die shape is illustrated by the square in the figure. Actual die performance can vary as indicated by the arrows in the figure, by changing operating conditions such as binder force，lubrication, blank location, blank size, and blank shape．The tryout explores these "process" variables first and then goes through a series of modifications of the actual die shape, which changes the operating character is tics of the die as illustrated by the sequence of circles in Figure 2-2． 圖2-1中的圓圈代表試模的性能。材料形成模具形狀的能力用圖中的正方形表示。實(shí)際的模具性能可以根據(jù)圖中箭頭的指示而改變，其性能可通過改變操作條件，如壓邊力、潤滑、毛坯位置、毛坯尺寸和毛坯形狀實(shí)現(xiàn)。試模首先要探索這些"過程"變量，然后通過修改一系列的實(shí)際模具形狀，其中改變的操作特征是模具的抽象性，如圖2-2中的圓圈序列所示。 The tryout material is nearly always form a single coil and represents one condition of the specified materials. Material made to the specification will not always be the same as shown in Figure 2-3．A coil actually may have less total form ability but work better in the die and therefore appear to be better material. Another coil might not work at all. But if the material variability can be reduced and the die's performance be better fitted to the material' s capability, as shown in Figure 2-4，the problem (as Hedrick stated) will go away. 試制材料幾乎總是形成一個(gè)單一的線圈，并代表一個(gè)指定材料的情況。按照規(guī)范制作的材料并不總是與圖2-3所示相同。一個(gè)線圈實(shí)際上可能有較差的總成型能力，但在模具中工作更好，因此似乎是更好的材料。另一個(gè)線圈可能根本不起作用。但是，如果如果可以降低材料的可變性，并使模具的性能可以更適合材料的能力，就如圖2-4所示，這個(gè)問題(如Hedrick所說)將會消失。 21st Century Methods 21世紀(jì)的方法 Today the constitutive equations that describe the physical behavior of the sheet metal in plastic deformation, the calculated effects of friction between the sheet metal and the die, and the kinematics of the sliding motion of the sheet metal in the die routinely are used to help create the shape of the binder and the addendum material. All design is done with CAD systems that allow the designer to retrieve any measurement needed. 目前常用的描述板料塑性變形物理行為的本構(gòu)方程，板料與模具間摩擦效應(yīng)的計(jì)算，以及模具中板料滑動的運(yùn)動學(xué)分析，都是為了幫助建立粘結(jié)劑和補(bǔ)強(qiáng)材料的形狀。所有的設(shè)計(jì)都是用CAD系統(tǒng)完成的，它允許設(shè)計(jì)者檢索任何需要的測量。 Limited measurement，computing power, and capabilities are no longer issues. The design's fidelity is limited only by the designer’s knowledge of the range of the material's performance properties that can be expected during the produces life． 有限的測量、計(jì)算能力和性能不再是問題。設(shè)計(jì)的保真度只受到在產(chǎn)品壽命期間設(shè)計(jì)者所預(yù)期的關(guān)于材料性能屬性的知識范圍限制。 Next Steps 下一步 Each steel or aluminum mill has some intrinsic capability to meet a specification for a particular material grade, as depicted in Figure 2-5. lf the capabilities of all mills for the same material grade are Superimposed, industry capabilities can be quantified as shown in Figure 2-6．The industry standard for a specific grade should equal the industry's capability. 每個(gè)鋼廠或鋁廠都具有滿足特定材料等級規(guī)格的內(nèi)在能力，如圖2-5所示。如果所有鋼廠對同一材料等級的能力是疊加的，工業(yè)能力可以量化，如圖2-6所示。特定等級的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)與行業(yè)能力相一致。 Once the total variation range for a material grade is known, it now is technically possible to design stampings and the dies to make those stampings to work with that grade, or to determine which grade is required for the particular stamped part. 一旦知道了材料等級的總變化范圍，現(xiàn)在技術(shù)上就可能設(shè)計(jì)出沖壓件和模具，使這些沖壓件和該等級配合使用，或者確定特定沖壓件所需的等級。 The next issue is to determine the meaningful measures to specify. Sheet metals traditionally have been specified by minimum yield Strength, typical or minimum tensile strength, and sometimes by minimum or typical n and R values. In some instances, upper yield strengths are specified. Calculating material behavior during forming requires a reasonable description of the stress-strain curve as generated from a tensile test. The specification for a grade should therefore include two stress-strain curves that bound all acceptable material variation, as illustrated in Figure 2-7. 下一個(gè)問題是確定要指定的有意義的度量。金屬板材傳統(tǒng)上要用最小屈服強(qiáng)度，典型的或最小的抗拉強(qiáng)度，有時(shí)用最小值或典型的n和r值來表示。在某些情況下，最高屈服強(qiáng)度已經(jīng)被指定。計(jì)算成形過程中的材料表現(xiàn)需要對拉伸試驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線有合理的描述。因此，等級的規(guī)范應(yīng)包括兩條應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線，它們約束著所有可接受的材料變化，如圖2-7所示。 理解綜述 一、 本文主要內(nèi)容 金屬沖壓行業(yè)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)已經(jīng)淘汰了傳統(tǒng)的選材、定型和供應(yīng)材料的方法。使用現(xiàn)代的技術(shù)對材料進(jìn)行量化可以減少材料變化超出模具和工藝能力的發(fā)生率，并且可以使模具發(fā)展成為一個(gè)更高效的進(jìn)程。其中是區(qū)別在于：傳統(tǒng)的新型模具的性能用圓來表示，片材的性能用正方形來表示，圓圈中的箭頭表示，模具的性能可以隨著操作條件的改變而改變，其中改變的操作特征是模具的抽象性；而21世紀(jì)的新型模具，所有的設(shè)計(jì)都是用CAD系統(tǒng)完成的，它允許設(shè)計(jì)者檢索任何需要的測量，有限的測量、計(jì)算能力和性能不再是問題。因此，一旦知道了材料等級的總變化范圍，現(xiàn)在技術(shù)上就可能設(shè)計(jì)出沖壓件和模具，使這些沖壓件和該等級配合使用，或者確定特定沖壓件所需的等級。 二、 本文主要研究方法（手段） 1.網(wǎng)上資料的查詢 2.徐春偉老師的指導(dǎo) 3.圖書館文獻(xiàn)的閱覽 三、 本文主要結(jié)論 金屬沖壓行業(yè)的先進(jìn)技術(shù)已經(jīng)淘汰了傳統(tǒng)的選材、定型和供應(yīng)材料的方法。使用現(xiàn)代的技術(shù)對材料進(jìn)行量化可以減少材料變化超出模具和工藝能力的發(fā)生率，并且可以使模具發(fā)展成為一個(gè)更高效的進(jìn)程。但在傳統(tǒng)方式上來說，用于金屬板拉伸的模粘結(jié)劑的發(fā)展是由制模者建立的，制模者在形成成品件形狀的精確模型的周圍石膏中創(chuàng)建了形狀。這些模具或多或少需要一些試模的過程才能使用。傳統(tǒng)的新型模具的性能用圓來表示，片材的性能用正方形來表示。圓圈中的箭頭表示，模具的性能可以隨著操作條件的改變而改變。 在21世紀(jì)中，常用的描述板料塑性變形物理行為的本構(gòu)方程，板料與模具間摩擦效應(yīng)的計(jì)算，以及模具中板料滑動的運(yùn)動學(xué)分析，都是為了幫助建立粘結(jié)劑和補(bǔ)強(qiáng)材料的形狀。所有的設(shè)計(jì)都是用CAD系統(tǒng)完成的，它允許設(shè)計(jì)者檢索任何需要的測量。 因此，一旦知道了材料等級的總變化范圍，現(xiàn)在技術(shù)上就可能設(shè)計(jì)出沖壓件和模具，使這些沖壓件和該等級配合使用，或者確定特定沖壓件所需的等級。 但在金屬板材傳統(tǒng)上要用最小屈服強(qiáng)度，典型的或最小的抗拉強(qiáng)度，有時(shí)用最小值或典型的n和r值來表示。在某些情況下，最高屈服強(qiáng)度已經(jīng)被指定。計(jì)算成形過程中的材料表現(xiàn)需要對拉伸試驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線有合理的描述。因此，等級的規(guī)范應(yīng)包括兩條應(yīng)力-應(yīng)變曲線，它們約束著所有可接受的材料變化。