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題型五　還原句子 題 型 特 點(diǎn) 該題型要求學(xué)生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,將文章后所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處,使短文內(nèi)容完整、正確。主要考查學(xué)生的邏輯能力,對(duì)學(xué)生英語(yǔ)綜合能力要求很高。這道題許多學(xué)生很畏難,所以需加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練。 解 題 策 略 一、解題技巧 1.把握文章整體,了解文章大意。 首先通讀全文,掌握文章大意。解此類(lèi)題的關(guān)鍵是把握文章的整體架構(gòu),特別要分析文章前后內(nèi)容之間的聯(lián)系,以保持文章內(nèi)容的連貫性、結(jié)構(gòu)的緊湊性以及邏輯的嚴(yán)密性,并作為還原句子的依據(jù)。 2.分析選項(xiàng),瞻前顧后。 認(rèn)真分析選項(xiàng)及文章,尤其是文章空格處前后兩句話中的代詞究竟指代的是什么?？梢詤⒄諘r(shí)間先后順序,前后因果關(guān)系等；也可以根據(jù)上句的信息推斷下句的信息,通過(guò)下句的信息推斷上句的信息。這樣前后對(duì)照、承上啟下、上貫下通,抓住文章的脈絡(luò),更容易恢復(fù)原文的語(yǔ)義。 3.根據(jù)空格位置,判斷選項(xiàng)特征。 (1)空格位于段首時(shí)：此時(shí),空格處通常為該段的主題句,找到該段的關(guān)鍵詞,選項(xiàng)中與之意思接近的即為答案。 (2)空格位于段尾時(shí)：空格處有時(shí)為該段的主題句(同上)；有時(shí)為總結(jié)句,即首尾呼應(yīng)之句,此時(shí)應(yīng)著重看首句,對(duì)照選項(xiàng),找出重合之解；有時(shí)為承上啟下的過(guò)渡句,此時(shí)應(yīng)注意下段文章,找出下段文章的關(guān)鍵詞,對(duì)照選項(xiàng),與本段重合的即為答案。 (3)空格位于段中時(shí)：空格若在主題句后,則為主題句之?dāng)U展句,找出與關(guān)鍵詞有關(guān)的選項(xiàng)；空格若在段中間,則依據(jù)前后句判斷。 (4)空格為獨(dú)立段時(shí)：此時(shí)應(yīng)注意看空格上、下兩段的文意,判斷是順承還是轉(zhuǎn)承,若前后所講的為同一個(gè)意思,則空格段為論據(jù)；若前后所講的為幾個(gè)不同的意思,則空格段或?yàn)檫^(guò)渡段,或?yàn)樾略掝}段,注意找出含有下段關(guān)鍵詞的選項(xiàng)。 注意：當(dāng)選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了序數(shù)詞或選擇性代詞時(shí),如secondly,the third,on the other hand,another等,一定要注意看文章中是否已“埋伏”了這些詞的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。一般來(lái)說(shuō),出現(xiàn)這些詞時(shí),可首先考慮該選項(xiàng)。 4.重讀還原后的短文,驗(yàn)證答案。 選項(xiàng)選好后,應(yīng)將所選的選項(xiàng)代入文中去驗(yàn)證,檢查全篇文章是否貫通流暢,內(nèi)容是否清晰,前后意思是否矛盾,相近選項(xiàng)的順序是否顛倒,是否符合上下文的邏輯關(guān)系,等等。 二、解題步驟 1.讀選項(xiàng),畫(huà)關(guān)鍵詞； 2.讀文章,找邏輯,抓過(guò)渡詞； 3.先易后難來(lái)解題； 4.回讀文章定答案。 解題步驟口訣：讀原文,了大意；讀選項(xiàng),找關(guān)系；先填易,找順序；定答案,回讀文。 三、得分技巧 1.抓住過(guò)渡詞,看住上下句。 2.盯緊橫線的前后詞語(yǔ)。 (xx宜賓中考)閱讀下面短文,把A、B、C、D 四個(gè)句子填入文中空缺處,使短文內(nèi)容完整、正確。 Once,when the food we ordered at a restaurant arrived,the first thing we wanted to do was to eat right away.__1__ Others want to take at least five photos of their food to share on social media such as WeChat. __2__ “Foodtography” has been around for longer than one would expect.Take US photographer Irving Penn (1917—xx) for example.In 1947,Vogue magazine published many food photos taken by Penn.Looking at the carefully put salad ingredients or the cakes on stands(貨 架),it would be easy to think Penns 70yearold photos were taken just last week. Besides Penns efforts,it seems that social media is behind the recent rise of foodtography.__3__ And the star posts just one deliciouslooking food picture with the place where it was taken.It can bring hundreds of new customers for the restaurant. So while its fun to share pictures of delicious dishes with your friends,just remember the most important thing：__4__ A.Dont forget to eat your meal afterwards. B.But now,some people just want to eat their meal. C.Today,a social media star may have thousands of fans. D.In fact,taking pictures before meals is not a recent thing. 【文章大意】文章講述了現(xiàn)在一些人喜歡在就餐前拍照片到社交媒體上與他人分享。 1.【解析】根據(jù)空格后面“Others want to take at least five photos of their food to share on social media such as WeChat.”和選項(xiàng)可知,一些人只是想吃飯,而另一些人拍照在社交媒體,比如微信上,分享美食。 【答案】B 2.【解析】根據(jù)“‘Foodtography’ has been around for longer than one would expect.”和選項(xiàng)可知,這里應(yīng)是吃飯前拍照不是最近的事情。 【答案】D 3.【解析】根據(jù)“And the star posts just one deliciouslooking food picture with the place where it was taken.It can bring hundreds of new customers for the restaurant.”和選項(xiàng)可知,這里應(yīng)是今天一個(gè)網(wǎng)紅有成千上萬(wàn)的粉絲。 【答案】C 4.【解析】根據(jù)“So while its fun to share pictures of delicious dishes with your friends,just remember the most important thing”和選項(xiàng)可知,這里應(yīng)是不要忘了吃飯,這才是最重要的。 【答案】A 實(shí) 戰(zhàn) 演 練 A(xx涼山州中考改編) Once a bird lived unhappily,so it traveled far away to look for its happiness. It flew and flew.Suddenly it saw a spider climbing up a wall.The spider fell off the wall halfway.But it kept climbing again and fell off again.1.__D__ The little bird asked the spider in surprise,“Why dont you have pain but happiness on your face though you fail again and again？” “Because I keep making my efforts.Im very happy.”said the spider. Then the little bird saw it：Happiness is a will in the heart. The bird continued flying and saw a lame duck help a little duck who got lost to find the way back home.2.__A__ “Im happy because I can help others.”said the lame duck. So the bird saw it：Happiness is a love in the heart. The bird went on flying and suddenly saw a little dying flower,whose face was full of smile.3.__C__ So it asked the little flower,“Youre going to die.4.__B__” “Because my dream will e true.”said the little flower. “What is your dream？” “To produce sweet fruit.” The little bird saw it：Happiness is a hope in the heart. The little bird no more looked for happiness because it had seen the truth：happiness is not in the faraway place but in your own heart.You are the maker of your own happiness. A.Although it was disabled,it had a smiling face. B.Why are you still so happy? C.The bird didnt know the reason. D.Even so,the spider didnt give up. B(xx涼山州中考改編) How do you feel when you are fooled by others? No doubt,feel bad.There is nothing worse than falling for a joke and being a fool except one day.Yes,thats April Fools Day.Nobody will be angry to be an “ April Fool”.1.__C__The headmaster at my school decided to play an April Fools joke on the students when I was in high school.On March 31,she announced that our school would hold a “Dress to Impress” day.2.__B__ Girls were told to wear formal dresses and smart jackets,while a suit jacket and tie for each boy would be best.The teachers,we were told,would do the same. On April Fools Day,many of us students came to school dressed in our best clothes.Our hair was tidy and all our shoes were well cleaned.In the morning,all of us got together on the playground,waiting for the headmaster.She would speak to the students.3.__D__Instead,she wore jeans,running shoes and a Tshirt.The teachers also got dressed casually like her. “April Fools！” she said,with a big smile on her face.“We just wanted to remind you that teachers have a sense of humor,too！” Surely,all the teachers werent April Fools.4.__A__ A.All us students spent the rest of the day feeling very foolish indeed. B.This meant that the better you dressed at school,the higher your marks would be. C.But everyone knows to be careful on the first day of April. D.To our surprise,she wasnt dressed up at all. C Teenage life—better now,or in the past? Does this situation sound familiar(熟悉)? You are plaining(抱怨) to your parents about something.Maybe your puter isnt powerful enough to play the latest games.Or your friends bikes are better than yours.Then you hear… “When I was your age,there werent any puters or video games.And I didnt get a bike until I was sixteen.And it was secondhand.1.__A__” So,is it really true that life is better for teenagers now？It is certainly true that many teenagers have got more things nowadays.2.__B__ So parents have got more money to spend on each child.And many things are cheaper than they were when our parents were children. 3.__D__ Forty years ago,no one could imagine a world with tiny puters and amazing smartphones.And now these things are necessary—we cant imagine living without them! However,technology often means we spend more time at home.And often its just us,with our puter or television.Teenagers dont do enough exercise.4.__C__ And,although young people still get on well with their friends,some people think teenagers today dont have so many social activities as they did in the past. What do you think？How is teenage life better these days? A.And it was too big for me. B.A typical family is smaller now. C.So they arent as healthy as they were in the past. D.Technology is probably the greatest change in our life. D Its dangerous to laugh when you are chewing gum(嚼口香糖).You may choke(哽住) on the gum.1.__A__ However,she was lucky because her friend Miriam Starobin saved her with something she learned from the cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants(《海綿寶寶》). The two girls were in music class.Their teacher said something funny and students began to laugh hard.Suddenly,Golden choked as the gum got stuck(堵住) in her throat. 2.__B__ “Suddenly,I couldnt laugh anymore.I couldnt breathe.” she said. When Starobin saw Goldens face turn purple,she thought back to SpongeBob.In one part of the show,Sponge Bob uses the Heimlich maneuver(海姆利克氏急救法).3.__D__ Starobin pulled Golden off the ground and did the Heimlich three or four times,until the gum flew out from her mouth.“You just saved my life.I owe you big time.” Golden said to Starobin. 4.__C__ “There is always bad news about teenagers at this age,like bullying(欺負(fù)弱小) and drinking.I think we should learn from Starobin.She is really a hero.” However,Starobin didnt think that she was a hero.“Heroes are people who even give their lives to save others.” she said.“I just did something that anyone could if they tried.” A.This terrible situation happened to 12yearold Allyson Golden. B.Golden called the moment the most terrible moment of her life. C.Their head teacher Audrey Goropeuschek was proud of her student. D.You need to push below a persons chest (胸腔) to force air up his or her throat.