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2019（宜賓）中考英語語法：形容詞和副詞講與練 專題三　形容詞和副詞 真 題 試 做 (A)1.(xx伊春中考改編)We are ______ about the ______ news that Beijing will hold the Winter Olympics in 2022. A.excited；exciting B.exciting；excited C.excited；excite D.exciting；excite (D)2.(xx安徽中考)Yuan Longping is ______ regarded as the greatest scientist in rice planting. A.suddenly B.patiently C.hardly D.generally (D)3.(xx北京中考)Tony is ______ of the three boys, but he is the tallest. A.young B.younger C.youngest D.the youngest (C)4.(xx定西中考)—Is dinner ready? —Not ______. A.already B.just C.yet D.ever (D)5.(xx北部灣中考)Tony always works hard.Of all the students, he did ______ in this exam. A.good B.well C.better D.best 考向歸結(jié) 通過以上五個(gè)題的整體感知,我們可知形容詞和副詞在中考中的常考題型為單項(xiàng)選擇。考點(diǎn)設(shè)置方向主要集中在易混形容詞副詞辨析與正確運(yùn)用、形容詞和副詞比較級與最高級的正確運(yùn)用、形容詞和副詞的位置功能方面,形容詞和副詞在綜合填空中的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換與拼寫,以及在書面表達(dá)中靈活正確地使用。 考 點(diǎn) 突 破 　形容詞功能和詞義辨析 1.形容詞的功能 (1)作定語：形容詞在句中作定語通常放在名詞前,但當(dāng)其修飾不定代詞時(shí)需后置。如： Yibin is a beautiful city.宜賓是一座美麗的城市。 He has something important to tell us.他有重要的事告訴我們。 以下形容詞只能作定語：little(小的),only(唯一的),elder(年長的)。 (2)作表語：即形容詞放在系動(dòng)詞后面作表語,常見系動(dòng)詞有：be,look,sound,smell,taste,feel,get,turn,become。如： The burning noodles taste good. 燃面嘗起來不錯(cuò)。 In spring,all the leaves turn green.在春天,所有的葉子都變綠了。 以下形容詞只能作表語：afraid(害怕的),alone(獨(dú)自的),asleep(睡著的),alive(活著的),well(身體健康的),ill(生病的),frighten(害怕的)。 (3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如： My best friend always makes me happy.我最好的朋友總讓我高興。 注意：the＋形容詞,表示該形容詞代表的一類人：good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind等。如： The rich are supposed to help the poor.富人應(yīng)該幫助窮人。 2.同根形容詞辨析 ed和ing形容詞的區(qū)別：ed形容詞主語為人,常用于指人對事物的感受；ing形容詞常用于名詞前起修飾作用,指事和物本身的屬性。如： ed形容詞 ing形容詞 例句 surprised 感到驚訝的 surprising 令人驚訝的 I am surprised at the surprising news.我對這個(gè)令人驚訝的新聞感到很吃驚。 interested 對…… 感興趣的 interesting 有趣的 I am interested in the interesting movie.我對這部有趣的電影很感興趣。 excited 感到興奮的 exciting 令人興奮的 Have you heard of the exciting news？你聽過這個(gè)令人興奮的消息嗎？ We are excited about the traveling.我們對旅行感到興奮。 frightened 感到恐懼的 frightening 令人恐懼的 This is a frightening story.這是一個(gè)恐怖的故事。 We are frightened of the ghost.我們怕鬼。 moved 受感動(dòng)的 moving 令人感動(dòng)的 We are deeply moved by Dangal.我們被《摔跤吧！爸爸》深深感動(dòng)了。 Dangal is a moving film.《摔跤吧！爸爸》是一部令人感動(dòng)的電影。 　形容詞短語 初中階段有較多的形容詞短語搭配,需要同學(xué)們加強(qiáng)記憶。下面是歸納的一些固定搭配形式,供參考使用。 1.be＋adj.＋of be afraid/terrified/scared of…害怕…… be ashamed of…對……感到羞恥 be aware of…意識(shí)到 be careful of…注意,留心 be certain of確信 be confident of…對……有信心 be full of…充滿…… be fond of…喜歡…… be proud of對……自豪 be sure of確信…… be short of缺乏…… be tired of厭惡…… 2.be＋adj.＋with be angry with生……的氣 be busy with忙于做…… be covered with被……覆蓋 be concerned with牽涉到；與……有關(guān) be disappointed with對……失望 be filled with充滿 be happy with對……高興 be patient with對……有耐心 be pleased with對……滿意 be popular with受……歡迎的 be satisfied with對……滿意 be strict with對……嚴(yán)格 3.be＋adj.＋about be anxious about對……焦慮 be curious about…對 ……好奇 be excited about…對……感到興奮 be nervous about對……緊張 be sorry about對……遺憾 be sure about確?！? be worried about對……感到擔(dān)憂 4.be＋adj.＋at be amazed at…對……感到驚奇 be angry at因……生氣 be good/bad at… 擅長/不擅長…… be mad at…對……惱火 be surprised at對……驚訝 5.be＋adj.＋for be good/bad for對……有好處/壞處 be known for因……而著名 be known as作為……而著名 be known to為……所了解 be known in在某地很著名 be late for遲到…… be/get ready for準(zhǔn)備好…… be/feel sorry for對……抱歉 6.be＋adj.＋to be close to離……近 be good/nice/friendly to sb.對……友好 be kind to sb.對……友好 be married to與……結(jié)婚 be polite to sb.對某人禮貌 be rude to sb.對某人粗魯 be similar to和……相似 be helpful to sb.對……有幫助 be/get used to習(xí)慣于…… be harmful to對……有害 7.be＋adj.＋from be absent from缺席…… be different from與……不同 be far from離……遠(yuǎn) be free from免于…… 8.be＋adj.＋in be dressed in穿著…… be experienced in在……有經(jīng)驗(yàn) be interested in對……感興趣 be poor in缺乏 be rich in富有 be strong in在……有優(yōu)勢 be successful in在……成功 be weak in在……薄弱 　副詞功能和位置 1.副詞的功能 (1)作狀語：放在動(dòng)詞之后。如： Tom studies hard every day.湯姆每天努力學(xué)習(xí)。 (2)作賓語補(bǔ)足語：動(dòng)副短語。如： Let the dog out！讓狗出去！ 2.副詞的位置 (1)修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí),放在動(dòng)詞之后,若是及物動(dòng)詞放在其賓語之后。如： Jack works hard.(work 為不及物動(dòng)詞)杰克工作努力。 Mary is reading books carefully.(read為及物動(dòng)詞)瑪麗正在認(rèn)真地看書。 (2)修飾形容詞或其他副詞時(shí),放在被修飾詞前面,但enough 除外。如： Dont drive so quickly.開車別太快。 The girl isnt old enough to dress herself.這個(gè)女孩還不夠大不能自己穿衣服。 (3)頻度副詞通常放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。如： He is never late for class.他上課從不遲到。 Tina usually gets up early in the morning.蒂娜經(jīng)常早起。 (4)時(shí)間副詞在后,地點(diǎn)副詞在前。如： He will come back here tomorrow.他明天將會(huì)回到這里。 　形容詞和副詞的混合辨析 1.常見的形容詞及其相應(yīng)的副詞形式： 形容詞 詞義 副詞 詞義 good 好的 well 好地 happy 開心的 happily 開心地 heavy 重的 heavily 沉重地 strong 強(qiáng)大的 strongly 強(qiáng)有力地 easy 簡單的 easily 簡單地 careful 仔細(xì)的 carefully 仔細(xì)地 quick 快的 quickly 快地 simple 簡單的 simply 簡單地 　　2.有些副詞有兩種形式,其中一種形式與形容詞相同,另一種形式是在形容詞后加ly,但意義有區(qū)別。 單詞 詞性&詞義 單詞 詞性&詞義 close adj./adv.近的(地) closely adv.密切地 high adj./adv.高的(地) highly adv.高度地 free adj./adv.免費(fèi)的(地) freely adv.自由地 late adj./adv.晚,遲 lately adv.近來 deep adj./adv.深的(地) deeply adv.深刻地 near adj./adv.鄰近的(地) nearly adv.幾乎,將近 hard adj./adv.努力的(地) hardly adv.幾乎不 most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地 wide adj./adv.寬闊的(地) widely adv.廣泛地 　形容詞和副詞的比較等級 形容詞和副詞的比較等級有三個(gè),即原級、比較級和最高級。 1.原級比較 (1)表示程度相同的比較用“as＋adj./adv.原級＋as”,意為 “與……一樣/相同”。如： Zhao Liying is as tall as Yang Mi.趙麗穎和楊冪一樣高。 David runs as quickly as Bolt.戴維跑得和博爾特一樣快。 (2)表示程度不相同的比較“not so/as＋adj./adv. 原級＋as” 意為“與……不一樣/不同或不如……”。如： This book is not as/so interesting as that one.＝This book is less interesting than that one.＝That book is more interesting than this one.這本書沒有那本書有趣。 David doesnt run as quickly as Bolt. ＝David runs less quickly than Bolt.＝Bolt runs more quickly than David.戴維沒有博爾特跑得快。 2.形容詞和副詞的比較級與最高級的構(gòu)成 (1)規(guī)則變化： 情況 詞尾變化 舉例 一般情況 直接在詞尾加er；est tall—taller—tallest fast—faster—fastest 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞 加r；st nice—nicer—nicest large—larger—largest 以輔音字母＋y的詞 變y為i再加er；est dry—drier—driest early—earlier—earliest 以輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞 雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加er；est big—bigger—biggest hot—hotter—hottest thin—thinner—thinnest 部分雙音節(jié)詞或多音節(jié)詞 在前面加 more；most interesting—more interesting—most interesting clearly—more clearly—most clearly carefully—more carefully—most carefully 　　(2)不規(guī)則變化： 原級 比較級 最高級 good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worst little less least many/much more most far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 　　3.形容詞和副詞比較級、最高級的運(yùn)用 (1)形容詞與副詞比較級的運(yùn)用 ①表示兩者比較,常與than 連用。如： This computer is more expensive than that one.這臺(tái)電腦比那臺(tái)要貴。 ②“the＋比較級……,the＋比較級”,表示“越……,就會(huì)越……”。如： The harder you work,the luckier you will be.越努力,越幸運(yùn)。 ③“比較級＋and＋比較級”(用于單音節(jié)詞)或“more and more＋原級”(用于多音節(jié)詞),表示 “越來越……”。如： Yibin is becoming more and more beautiful.宜賓正變得越來越美麗。 Its getting hotter and hotter in summer.夏天天氣變得越來越熱。 ④ that/those常用于替代前文提到過的同類的人或物,避免重復(fù)。that替代不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如： The weather in Yibin is cooler than that in Nanjing.宜賓的天氣比南京的要更涼爽。 The students in Class 1 study harder than those in Class 2.一班的學(xué)生比二班學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)更努力。 ⑤倍數(shù)比較。如： This room is three times bigger than that one.這個(gè)房間比那個(gè)房間大三倍。 ⑥以比較級形式表達(dá)最高級含義：比較級＋than＋any＋other＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；比較級＋than＋the other＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如： He is taller than any other student in his class.＝He is taller than the other students in his class.＝He is the tallest student in his class.他比班上任何學(xué)生都高。 ⑦不出現(xiàn)than卻要用比較級的潛在語境比較。如： —Are you satisfied with the result of the exam？你對考試結(jié)果滿意嗎？ —Not at all.I cant have a worse one.一點(diǎn)也不。再也找不到比這更差的了。 ⑧以下一些詞常用來修飾比較級：a little,a bit,a lot,even,much。如： He is much taller than me.他比我高些。 It is even colder today than yesterday.今天比昨天更冷。 (2)形容詞與副詞最高級的運(yùn)用 ①表示三者及其以上的比較,常用最高級形式且與in/of等表范圍的短語連用；形容詞最高級前無其他修飾詞時(shí)要加the,副詞最高級前the可要可不要。如： Mike writes (the) most carefully in his class.邁克是班上寫字最認(rèn)真的。 He is the tallest of the three boys.他是三個(gè)男孩子中最高的。 ②最高級前可用序數(shù)詞共同修飾其后的名詞,結(jié)構(gòu)為：“the＋序數(shù)詞＋最高級＋名詞”。如： The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.長江是世界第三長河。 ③“one of the＋形容詞最高級＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最……之一”。如： Chengdu is one of the most beautiful cities in China.成都是中國最美麗的城市之一。 　與形容詞、副詞相關(guān)的改錯(cuò) 中考中很容易出現(xiàn)關(guān)于形容詞、副詞用法的錯(cuò)誤,希望大家引起重視。主要有以下幾個(gè)方面： 1.形容詞與副詞選擇錯(cuò)誤。如： Sam will be more carefully next time.(careful,注意前面的連系動(dòng)詞be) She did good in the exam yesterday.(well,注意前面的行為動(dòng)詞did) 2.ed結(jié)尾形容詞與ing結(jié)尾形容詞混淆。如： I am interesting in the movie.(interested,主語是人,表示人的感受) The story is very interested.(interesting,對事物進(jìn)行描述,一般主語是物) 3.形容詞或副詞比較等級判斷錯(cuò)誤。如： Cindy is much more taller than Paula.(去掉more,因?yàn)閠aller已經(jīng)是比較級) My brother works harder in his class.(hardest,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)為最高級) Your school is as__bigger as mine.(big,as...as之間應(yīng)該使用原級) The Amazon River is one of the longer rivers in the world.(longest, one of后面應(yīng)該使用最高級) 4.其他詞性相混淆。如： I have no idea about the important of learning English.(importance,此處需用名詞) 5.形近詞混淆。如： Kate lives lonely,__but she never feels alone because she has many friends.(alone,lonely混淆) 小 試 牛 刀 (B)1.(xx玉林中考)—Lisa, how is your cousin? —He is ______ now.Thank you. A.more healthier B.much healthier C.very healthier D.healthiest (A)2.(xx黔東南中考)______ you practice, ______ you will be at math. A.The more；the better B.The more；the best C.The most；the better D.The most；the best (B)3.(xx河南中考)—Why dont you get yourself a job? —Thats ______ said than done. A.easy B.easier C.the easier D.the easiest (C)4.(xx哈爾濱中考改編)—I want to take part in afterclass activities. —So do I.I think these activities can make us feel ______. A.relax B.relaxing C.relaxed D.to relax (C)5.(xx隨州中考)It was late.She opened the door______ because she didnt want to wake up her parents. A.heavily B.loudly C.quietly D.angrily (B)6.(xx宜昌中考)—Believe it or not, a pig from South Africa started painting several months ago. —Anything is ______. A.lively B.possible C.valuable D.personal (C)7.(xx揚(yáng)州中考)—I cant afford the white dress. —What about the orange one? The price is a little ______. A.cheaper B. higher C.lower D.more expensive (D)8.(xx臨沂中考)Of all the blue holes in the world, Sansha Yongle Blue Hole in the South China Sea is now ______.It is 300.89 meters deep. A.deeper B.very deep C.as deep as D.the deepest (B)9.(xx青島中考)Allen always behaves ______, so many people like him. A.easily B.politely C.friendly D.lively (C)10.(xx重慶中考A卷)The show was so ______ that I couldnt stop laughing. A.sad B.terrible C.funny D.serious