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2019-2020年高一英語(yǔ) Unit6 good manners教案 一、知識(shí)技能 1.重點(diǎn)詞匯 apologise, expression, interrupt, terribly, plete, fault, forgive, introduce, impression, behave, unfold, custom, pray, serve, raise, provide, support, stare, disabled. 2.重點(diǎn)詞組 go over, mean to , be surprised, apologise for, drink to someone’s health, take a sip, stare at. 3.重點(diǎn)句型 introduce sb. to sb. it is polite ot do sth. Although…. Don’t start smoking before a dinner is finished. 4.交際用語(yǔ) 道歉與致謝 Excuse me. Forgive me. I’m (very/so/terribly)sorry. That’s all right. / That’s OK/ No problem. I apologise for… Oh, well, that’s life I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to … Oops. Sorry about that. thank you. It’s beautiful. 5.語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn) 定語(yǔ)從句，學(xué)習(xí)限制定語(yǔ)從句和非限制定語(yǔ)從句。 二、情感目標(biāo) 通過(guò)本單元的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫綜合教學(xué)，使學(xué)生了解西方文明中的飯桌禮儀，培養(yǎng)文明就餐的良好風(fēng)尚；使他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)如何與人交往，提高自己的禮儀修養(yǎng)，增進(jìn)跨文化理解以及跨文化交際的能力；同時(shí)掌握好本單元表達(dá)感謝和道歉的用語(yǔ)，并運(yùn)用于交際。學(xué)習(xí)好本單元的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目---限制定語(yǔ)從句和非限制定語(yǔ)從句，掌握其異同。熟悉感謝信的書(shū)寫語(yǔ)言和格式，學(xué)寫一封感謝信。 I. Teaching aims: 1.talk about good table manners. 2.Similar dialogue presentation with new words and expressions used within II. Teaching aids: tape recorder /slide show/ puter /multimedia education software III. Grammar: The Restrictive Attributive Clause and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause. IV. Teaching steps: 1. Warming up: 1. Ask the students to work in pairs. Tell the Ss to look at the pictures in the book and practise the short conversations, using the phrases. 2. T says: Today we talk about good table manners. In fact, good manners are basically as set of behaviours that people may reasonably expect. 3. Group work A Ask Ss to imagine the situation in the pictures and describe how they would react when something like this happens in China. 4. Group work B: let the Ss work in groups, and talk about or enumerate good manner or bad manner (just like jump the queue, spit anywhere, leave around the dirty, etc.) in the model society. Let them describe the situation or act in out in class. (or show some pictures, let Ss talk about the following action) 3.Speakings 1. Ask Ss to work in pairs and consider the following three situations. 2. Ask them to read each situation carefully and make sure that they all understand it. 3. Get Ss to make up a short dialogue, to solve each specific small problem smoothly and in a polite manner. 4. if time is enough, let some Ss act out their dialogue in class. 5. let Ss finish the exercise(talking) in page 116 I. Teaching aims : 1.reading prehension 2.Similar dialogue presentation with new words and expressions used within II. Teaching aids: tape recorder /slide show/ puter /multimedia education software III. Grammar: the Attributive Clause IV. Teaching steps: 1. Pre-reading: ① let Ss work in pair and then fill in the blank in book. ② encourage Ss to give, more than one answer, elaborate and discuss differences of opinion. ③ check the answer with Ss. 2.Reading ①T ask Ss: What do you think about the table manners ? ( table manners are how to lay the table ;how to use forks and knives; how to behave at the table; how to eat; how to toast and drink) ② T says: today we will learn a passage about table manners in western dinner party.. and then T teacher Ss new words. Well, ③ let the Ss read the text carefully and finish the exercise 2 in page 39. ④ let the Ss read the passage again and finish the exercise 3 in page 39. ⑤ play the tape and let them follow it, paying attention to the intonation. 2. Having good table manners means knowing, for example, how to use forks and knives, how to toast and how to behave at the table. 比如，良好的餐桌禮儀就是意味著在就餐時(shí)怎樣使用餐具，怎樣祝酒，以及怎樣表現(xiàn)得有禮貌。 Mean是常用詞，主要有兩個(gè)意思。 作“打算、有……意圖、意欲”解，后接名（代）詞、不定式、從句、表示主語(yǔ)的主觀愿望，不接動(dòng)名詞。 Anybody could see he meant no harm. I mean to go and nothing is going to stop me. I had meant to leave on Monday, but have stayed on. 作“意思是、意味著”解，后接名（代）詞、動(dòng)名詞或從句。 What do you mean by acting like this? What does this word mean? I mean the red one, not the green one. Revolution means liberating the productive forces. This means we have to wait another week. 本句中的mean表示“意味著”，后接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)。 3. It’s polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don’t take more food than you need. 句子中to finish eating everything on your plate是句子的主語(yǔ)。當(dāng)不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)放在句末。 It is difficult to travel in that forest. It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. It is not an easy thing to master a foreign language. 4. When drinking to s0meone’d health, you raise your glasses, but the glasses should not touch. 你為別人的健康祝酒時(shí)，要舉起酒杯，但不要碰杯。 Drink to sb./ drink sb./ drink to ones health / drink one’s health都可以表示“為……健康干杯”，但有to比較正式。 I drink your good health. We drank to each other’s health for most of the evening. 5. The custom of toasting in some parts of China is to finish the drink at once, but westerners usually take only a sip. 在中國(guó)一些地方的祝酒習(xí)俗是立刻將杯中酒飲盡，而西方人通常只是呷一點(diǎn)。 To finish the drink at once 是不定式做表語(yǔ)，不定式做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，句子主語(yǔ)通常是名詞或詞組，或是all, what引導(dǎo)的從句。 6. Although good manners always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with friends or family. 雖然有禮貌總是使你顯得有教養(yǎng)，但在同朋友和家人吃飯時(shí)，就不必?fù)?dān)心這些禮節(jié)。 Although 或though是從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“雖然”。 We were not tired although (though) we had worked all day. Although (though) he is young, he knows a lot. 注意： 按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，although(though)不能與but連用，如不可說(shuō)：Although (though)…but…。但為了加強(qiáng)前后兩句的對(duì)比意義，在主句前可以加上yet。 Although(though)he is young, he knows a lot. 4. Post-reading 1. finish the exercise1 and exercise4 in the book and check the answer with Ss. 2. finish the following exercise.(slide show) 找出下列句子中錯(cuò)誤的一處 1. Knowing them will help you make good impression. A B C D 2. There are two pair of large knives and forks on the table. A B C D 3. Dinner starts a small dish, which is often called a starter. A B C D 4. When drunk to each other’s health, we raise our glasses, but the glasses should not touch. A B C D 5. For drinking during a dinner, the best advices is never to drink too much. A B C D 6. Zhengzhou is the city in that he was born and brought up. A B C D Keys: CBAACA I. Teaching aims 1.learn the grammar: the Attributive clause.. 2.Similar dialogue presentation with new words and expressions used within II. Teaching aids: tape recorder /slide show/ puter /multimedia education software III. Grammar: the Attributive clause. IV. Teaching steps: 1.Language study---word study ①1et Ss read through the exercise and make sure what they will to do , and then check the answers in the class. ②let Ss read the words and phrases and their meaning loudly ③ let Ss finish the exercises1 and exercises 2 (vocabulary) in page116--117 (SB) 2.Grammar---The Attributive Clause let Ss pare these sentences, find out some difference between them. 1． 請(qǐng)比較下面的定語(yǔ)從句 The girl who stood in the corner just now is my younger sister． Mary Smith，who is in the corner， wants to meet you． He’s the man who lives next door． In the class there are ten students，who speak English very well． 2． T deal with the grammar (slide show) 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 定語(yǔ)從句分限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，歸納起來(lái)，二者有以下幾點(diǎn)不同： 一、作用不同 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，它所修飾的詞代表一個(gè)（些）或一類特定的人或物如果刪去，全句的意思就會(huì)變得不明確。而非限制性定語(yǔ)從句在意義上是先行詞的一個(gè)附加修飾語(yǔ)，對(duì)先行詞只起進(jìn)一步補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用；若把它去掉，全句意思仍然清楚。例如： The girl who stood in the corner just now is my younger sister． 剛才站在角落里的那個(gè)姑娘是我的妹妹。 Mary Smith，who is in the corner， wants to meet you． 瑪麗史密斯在那個(gè)角落里，她想見(jiàn)你。 第一個(gè)例句中的定語(yǔ)從句指明作為主語(yǔ)的“姑娘”不是任何一個(gè)，而是在角落的那個(gè)。如果去掉定語(yǔ)從句，表達(dá)的意思就不明確。第二個(gè)例句已經(jīng)表明主語(yǔ)是誰(shuí)，定語(yǔ)從句只不過(guò)是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明一點(diǎn)情況而已。若去掉從句，句子意思仍然完整。 二、形式不同 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間通常有逗號(hào)而限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間則無(wú)逗號(hào)。例如： He’s the man who lives next door． 他就是住在隔壁的那個(gè)人。（從句不可少，從句前無(wú)逗號(hào)。） His wife，whom you met at my house，is a teacher． 他的妻子是一位老師，你在我家曾見(jiàn)過(guò)她。（從句可有可無(wú)，從句前有逗號(hào)。） 三、含義不同 限制性定語(yǔ)從句有涉他性；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句有唯一性。例如： In the class there are ten students who speak English very well． 這個(gè)班上有十名英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好的學(xué)生。（暗示班上不只是十個(gè)學(xué)生。） In the class there are ten students，who speak English very well． 這個(gè)班上有十名學(xué)生，他們英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。 （非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，表明班上只有十個(gè)學(xué)生。） 四、 譯法不同 在把限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常在從句的末尾加“的”字，放在它所修飾名詞的前邊。而在把非限制性定語(yǔ)從句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般譯成一個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子。請(qǐng)看下面例句： The film that we saw yesterday was very interesting． 我們昨天看的電影非常有趣。 Beijing，which is the capital of China，is a very beautiful city． 北京是中國(guó)的首都，它是一座非常美麗的城市 3. Practice (slide show) 用who, whom, which完成下列句子 1. A young man, ______ I did not know, asked me to give you the message. 2. The Changjiang River, on _____ another big dam will be built, is going to produce more electricity for the areas along it. 3. The man in the black coat, ____ used to be our headmaster, has just e back form Egypt. 4. The old tree in Jingshan Park, from ______ Emperor(皇帝) Chongzhen hanged himself, was cut down in the 1960s. 5. The Hope Project, _______ started any years ago, has helped a large number of children in poor areas go back to school. 6.Those foreign teachers, most of _______ have never been to China before, are enjoying their work here very much. 7. On the train from Beijing to Dalian we met a Japanese, _____ spoke wonderful Chinese. 8. The temple, ______ was built on the edge of the lake in 1456, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. Keys 1. whom 2. which 3. who 4. which 5. which 6. whom 7. who 8. which 3．Exercises let Ss finish all exercise3、4 in page 117and exercise 1、2 in page 118 I. Teaching aims : ①talk about good manners ②write about a thank-you letter. ③Similar dialogue presentation with new words and expressions used within II. Teaching aids: tape recorder /slide show/ puter /multimedia education software III. Grammar: The Attributive Clause IV. Teaching steps: 1.Integrating skills Reading ①T ask: today we will read a thank-you letter. ②get Ss to read the letter. And then write in their own words what each paragraph is about. ③play the tape to Ss and let them repeat the text. ④let Ss finish the exercise in page 42(SB)after reading the text, and then check the answers with the class. Writing Let Ss write a thank-you letter 2.Checkpoint ①revise the grammar briefly with the whole class. ②get Ss to read the sentences in the table. ③let Ss work in pairs and find out all of useful expressions in this unit, and write down them on the Bb. ④T show useful expressions of this unit: (slide show) 1.重點(diǎn)詞匯 apologise, expression, interrupt, terribly, plete, fault, forgive, introduce, impression, behave, unfold, custom, pray, serve, raise, provide, support, stare, disabled. 2.重點(diǎn)詞組 go over, mean to , be surprised, apologise for, drink to someone’s health, take a sip, stare at. 3.重點(diǎn)句型 introduce sb. to sb. it is polite ot do sth. Although…. Don’t start smoking before a dinner is finished. 4.交際用語(yǔ) 道歉與致謝 Excuse me. Forgive me. I’m (very/so/terribly)sorry. That’s all right. / That’s OK/ No problem. I apologise for… Oh, well, that’s life I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to … Oops. Sorry about that. Thank you. It’s beautiful. 5.語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn) 定語(yǔ)從句，學(xué)習(xí)限制定語(yǔ)從句和非限制定語(yǔ)從句。 3. Exercise finish off all the exercise in book. 典型題例解析 【典型題例】Some people do not ______ normally when they are worried. A．believe B．conduct C．behave D．react 【答案】C 【解析】有些人在焦慮時(shí)表現(xiàn)反常。Behave（行為或舉止）表現(xiàn)（如：He has behaved shamefully towards his wife.他對(duì)妻子的態(tài)度很可恥。Behave oneself表現(xiàn)良好，行為良好（如：Children, please behave yourselves! 孩子們，規(guī)矩點(diǎn)?。籧onduct（與反身代詞連用）表現(xiàn)（如：How did the prisoner conduct himself? 那犯人表現(xiàn)如何？） 【典型題例】Wearing long hair is no longer _____ fashion. A．of B．in C．within D．under 【答案】B 【解析】in fashion流行，時(shí)尚；under一般與表示動(dòng)作的名詞連用（如under construction/repair/discussion）。 【典型題例】The trip to Beijing left him a deep ______ and he began to plain everything around him. A．imprint B．implication C．improvement D．impression 【答案】D 【解析】impression印象；imprint模子模具；implication暗示，含義；improvement改善，提高。 【典型題例】Since you are sailing out to the faraway land, I will ______ to God for your safety. A．a(chǎn)sk B．pray C．beg D．prey 【答案】B 【解析】pray祈禱，祈求；prey捕食。 【典型題例】－Why haven’t you bought any butter? －I ______ to but I forgot about it. A．liked B．wished C．meant D．expected 【答案】C 【解析】這道題的難度較大，因?yàn)閘iked、wished、meant和expected都可以后接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)。但從句子的意思分析，應(yīng)填meant。Mean to do sth.的意思是“打算做某事”；mean doing sth.的意思是“意味著”。這句話的意思是：“我本打算去買，但我忘了。” 【典型題例】The husband has been secretly praying that his shrew wife should bee a bit ______ some day. A．soft B．tender C．beautiful D．pregnant 【答案】B 【解析】tender溫柔。根據(jù)題意，前面出現(xiàn)了shrew（潑婦）這個(gè)詞，可知答案是B。 【典型題例】The host proposed a ______ to the friendship and cooperation between the two neighboring countries. A．tissue B．beer C．wish D．toast 【答案】D 【解析】toast祝酒，烤面包。 高考命題探究 1．定語(yǔ)從句的考查屢屢出現(xiàn)在近十年的高考單項(xiàng)填空中。而分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，掌握定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)涵是做好此類題目的關(guān)鍵。 例1 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________ , of course, made the others unhappy.(NMET2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what 分析與解答：本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及意思可以看出后句為一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。This, what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，故排除。Who和which雖然可以引導(dǎo)非限制定語(yǔ)從句，但先行詞不同。該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞既非人又非物，而是整個(gè)句子，須.用which引導(dǎo)。答案為B。 例2 _______ him and then try to copy what he does. (NMET99) A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch 分析與解答：本題考查動(dòng)詞的用法辨別。從語(yǔ)法上講四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都對(duì)，并且后三個(gè)都具有“看”的意思。Glance at意為“瞥一眼”；stare at 表示“盯著看”,意思與題意有出處；watch則表示“認(rèn)真看，仔細(xì)觀察”，在此比較貼切。答案為D。 例3 ______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET2001) A. It B. As C. That D. What 分析與解答：本題考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及關(guān)聯(lián)的用法。大眼一看好像四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均可以，但從所給題干來(lái)分析的話，逗號(hào)前后各為一個(gè)句子。如果選用it則應(yīng)用It is know to all that……結(jié)構(gòu)；如果用what則用what is known to all is that……結(jié)構(gòu)；that 用在此結(jié)構(gòu)中明顯不適合；as在此是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，常譯作“正如，正像”，其先行詞為整個(gè)句子。答案為B。 例4 He made another wonderful discovery, ________ of great importance to science. A．which I think is B．which I think it is C．which I think it D．I think which is 分析與解答 本題考查非限制定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從需用關(guān)系代詞which，關(guān)系代詞的作用既可連接主句和從句，又指代了主句中被修飾的詞（即先行詞），自身又在從句中兼作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)）。B、C兩項(xiàng)雖有which引導(dǎo)，但均了個(gè)賓語(yǔ)it，因此應(yīng)予排除。A項(xiàng)“which I think is”中的“is”與題干中的“of importance”結(jié)合在一起，是英語(yǔ)里的一種慣用法：be＋of＋抽象名詞。答案 A 例5 He was very rude to the Customs officer, ________ of course made things even worse. A．who B．whom C．what D．which 分析與解答 不像限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞一定是名詞或代詞，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的先行詞可以是名詞，也可以代表主句中的一個(gè)部分或整個(gè)主句所表達(dá)的概念，這時(shí)需用關(guān)系代詞which來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句，which的意義相當(dāng)于and this。本題待選項(xiàng)which就是指主句所表述的內(nèi)容：他對(duì)海關(guān)官員態(tài)度很粗魯，于是才有下文“這就使情況變得更糟了”。A、B、C三項(xiàng)的who, whom, what都不具有這一表述功能。答案 D 例6 Carol said the work would be done by October, ______ personally I doubt very much. A．it B．that C．when D．which 分析與解答 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。It不可引導(dǎo)從句；that不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；when不合題意，which指代前面這件事。答案 D 例7 ________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A．Which B．As C．That D．It 分析與解答 as從句的位置靈活，可置于句首，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的which有時(shí)也可能指代整個(gè)主句，則同as的這一用法相似：Last month, Lin bought a new car, as / which he had hoped for months.但用as引導(dǎo)的話，可置于句首，而which引導(dǎo)的話，則不能。因此，此題惟一正確選項(xiàng)是B。答案 B 例 8 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _______ of course, made the others unhappy. A．who B．which C．this D．what 分析與解答 此題是考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法，只是在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞which與從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞間多了個(gè)插入語(yǔ)of course, which所指的是主句的整個(gè)內(nèi)容，在從句中，which充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。答案 B 例 9 The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A．what B．which C．that D．if 分析與解答 本題考察定語(yǔ)從句的用法。從題干可以看出，待選空應(yīng)是引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。依據(jù)題意，后面的定語(yǔ)從句是在說(shuō)明主句的內(nèi)容，表示天氣轉(zhuǎn)好，超出我們的預(yù)料，再?gòu)拇x空前的逗號(hào)，說(shuō)明這是個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，多方面的提示可判斷惟有B項(xiàng)which是正確的選項(xiàng)。that, what不可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，it更不具引導(dǎo)詞的功能。答案：B 2．英語(yǔ)中one, it, that都可用作替代詞。用來(lái)代替前面的名詞，避免重復(fù)，但它們又有各自的特點(diǎn)。這一語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象已成為近年高考的命題熱點(diǎn)。 例 1 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an inforgettable moment, _________ I will always treasure. A．that B．one C．it D．what 分析與解答 此題考察的是代詞及從句的用法。根據(jù)空白前的逗號(hào)，可以推斷出后面半句應(yīng)為一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)。因?yàn)閠hat和what作關(guān)系詞時(shí)不可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而且也難以作moment的同位語(yǔ)，所以可以首先排除A和D。在比較B和C這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)時(shí)，one可以作moment的同位語(yǔ)，而it則不能，由此可以判定該題的正確答案為B。 然而需要注意的是，B項(xiàng)one不是關(guān)系代詞（事實(shí)上有許多考生正是根據(jù)這一點(diǎn)而排除了B項(xiàng)），而是不定代詞，在此用作先行詞，其后省略了關(guān)系代詞which（因其在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ)）。答案 B 例2 The Parkers bought a new house but _______ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A．they B．it C．one D．which 分析與解答 看到題干中有連詞“but”即可排除選項(xiàng)D，這一步很重要；再看“需要許多工作（當(dāng)然由置之類的工作）”的是“他們（人）”還是“房子”，顯然能排除A；再比較“one”為不定代詞，此處相當(dāng)于“a house（泛指）”，顯然不對(duì)；而“it”就是指“the new house”。答案 B 例 3 In fact _______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. A．this B．that C．there D．it 分析與解答 本句主語(yǔ)是to keep order in an important football match，不定式作主語(yǔ)常用形式主語(yǔ)it位于句首（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)），故選D。其他三選項(xiàng)的this, that, there無(wú)此句法功能。答案 D 例4 —Why don’t we take a little break? —Didn’t we just have ______? A．it B．that C．one D．this 分析與解答 it, one與that都可用來(lái)替代句中已出現(xiàn)過(guò)的名詞或根據(jù)上下文已明確的事物，但用法不盡相同。 It用來(lái)替代的事物兩者是同一物，限于單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；that用來(lái)替代同類異物，既可代可數(shù)名詞，也可代不可數(shù)名詞，含有特指意義，一般指物不指人；one所替代的同類事物含有泛指意義。從本題語(yǔ)意可以判斷答語(yǔ)人所指的是泛指某一類而不特指某一類而不特指某次“休息”，用來(lái)替代“a little break”，是指“有過(guò)一次休息”。答案 C