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Unit 1　Women of achievement 必修四Unit 1　Women of achievement 【短文語法填空】 Music festivals are popular across Africa. But this seems something few would have imagined possible in Goma. For years, the city 1 (link) to wars. The young people were tired of years of 2 (violent), and a youth group set out to organize a music festival 3 peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They decided to hold the event in the 4 (east) city of Goma. Their first attempt in 2013 was cancelled 5 Goma came under attack. But last year, 25,000 people came to the city to hear their favorite artists play. And this year, some of Africa’s top musicians decided to attend. The crowd cheered 6 Habib Koite arrived for his performance. The smoke machines fired up. Some people stood one behind another, 7 (form) a line. Thousands of other people ate, drank and danced in the dust. Vianney Bisimwa was one of the 8 (organizer) of the festival. He says he and other young people wanted to change the image of Goma. Although the country is known for wars, it is also famous for 9 (it) music. Many local artists sing openly about the conflict. Vianney Bisimwa says this gives people 10 chance to express their feelings. 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了剛果民主共和國一個(gè)長期戰(zhàn)亂的城市戈馬，年輕人為了和平幾經(jīng)努力終于辦成音樂節(jié)的事。 1.has been linked 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)聯(lián)系在一起數(shù)年了。 2.violence 【解析】考查名詞。介詞of后面應(yīng)用名詞形式。 3.for 【解析】考查介詞。for表示＂為……＂。句意：一個(gè)年輕人團(tuán)體為了和平在剛果民主共和國組織了一次音樂節(jié)。 4.eastern 【解析】考查形容詞。修飾名詞city應(yīng)用形容詞作定語。 5.because 【解析】考查連詞。第一次音樂節(jié)被取消是因?yàn)镚oma遭受襲擊。 6.when 【解析】考查連詞。句意：當(dāng)哈比博來表演時(shí)，人群沸騰了。when表示＂當(dāng)……時(shí)＂，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 7.forming 8.organizers 【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：Vianney Bisimwa是音樂節(jié)的其中一個(gè)組織者。表示人用organizer，One of 后加名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填organizers。 9.its 【解析】考查代詞。修飾名詞用形容詞性物主代詞。 10.a 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：這給了人們一次表達(dá)感情的機(jī)會(huì)。chance是可數(shù)名詞，這里表示一次機(jī)會(huì)，故前面要加a。 observe vt.觀察；觀測(cè)；遵守；慶祝 (1)observe sb.do sth.觀察某人做某事(全過程) observe sb.doing sth.觀察某人正在做某事 observe that...發(fā)現(xiàn)，觀察…… (2)observe the speed limit 遵守車速限制 observe Christmas(National Day) 慶祝圣誕節(jié)(國慶節(jié)) (3)observation n．觀察；觀察力；觀測(cè) under observation 在監(jiān)視下 ①(教材原句)She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. 她花了多年的時(shí)間來觀察并記錄它們的日?；顒?dòng)。 ②When we attend the parade to_observe (observe) National Day，we must observe the traffic regulation.If we observe someone running (run) a red light，we should stop him. 當(dāng)我們參加游行慶祝國慶節(jié)的時(shí)候必須遵守交通規(guī)則。如果我們看到有人闖紅燈，我們就要阻止他。 ③單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)This educational method was first observed (observe) in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues. 　observe/watch/notice observe “觀察”，從不同的角度長時(shí)間地看并研究 watch “看，觀看，特別留意”，感興趣地看運(yùn)動(dòng)著的東西 notice “看到，注意到，覺察到”，偶爾看到細(xì)小的但可能是重要的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)無意注意 argue vi.& vt.討論；爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；說服；用辯論證明 (1)argue for...為……而爭(zhēng)論；為……而辯護(hù) argue against 爭(zhēng)辯(反對(duì)……) argue with sb.on/about/over sth.與某人爭(zhēng)辯某事 (2)argue sb.into/out of doing sth.說服某人做/不做某事 ＝persuade/talk sb.into/out of doing sth. 說服某人做/不做某事 (3)argue that...提出理由說明；主張…… (4)argument n．爭(zhēng)論；爭(zhēng)辯；論點(diǎn) beyond argument 無可辯解 It is beyond argument that... 無可爭(zhēng)辯的是，不容爭(zhēng)辯的是…… ①(教材原句)She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. 她主張應(yīng)該讓野生動(dòng)物留在野外生活，而不能用于娛樂或廣告。 ②The workers，who argued for their own rights，argued (argue) with the boss for a few days，but failed to_argue (argue) him into giving them a rise in wages. 為了自身的權(quán)利爭(zhēng)論的工人們同他們的老板辯論數(shù)日，結(jié)果沒能說服老板給他們加薪。 ③單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅰ)Some researchers argue (argument) that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. inspire vt.鼓舞；激勵(lì)；引發(fā)；賦予……靈感；激發(fā) (1)inspire sb.to do sth. ＝encourage sb.to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事 (2)inspiration n．靈感；啟發(fā)；鼓舞人的事或人 (3)inspired adj.受到鼓舞的；有靈感的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；激勵(lì)的 ①(教材原句)She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. 她激勵(lì)著那些為女性的成就而歡呼喝彩的人們。 ②Creators consciously choose love，inspiration (inspire)，and other qualities which inspire not only themselves，but all around them. 創(chuàng)造者有意識(shí)地選擇愛、靈感和其他一些不僅鼓舞自己同時(shí)也鼓舞他們周圍所有人的品質(zhì)。 ③The beauty of the West Lake inspired (inspire) a lot of poets to_write (write) their great poetry. 西湖美景給了許多詩人靈感，從而創(chuàng)作出他們偉大的詩篇。 intend vt.計(jì)劃；打算 (1)intend doing/to do sth.打算做某事 intend sb.to do sth.打算讓某人做某事 intend that...(should)do sth.打算/主張…… had intended to do sth./intended to have done sth.本來打算做某事 (2)be intended to do sth./for sth.為……打算(或設(shè)計(jì))的 (3)intention n．打算；計(jì)劃 have no intention to do/of doing sth.無意去做某事 with an intention of doing sth.打算去做某事 ①(教材原句)I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. 我細(xì)細(xì)地看了這篇文章，了解到那是為農(nóng)村婦女寫的。 ②(2016全國卷Ⅱ)The journey was_intended (intend) to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. 這次旅程打算取得超過Robert Falcon Scott船長所做到的那些。 ③語境填詞More and more people intend to_invest/investing (invest) here，so he intended her to_carry_out/do (carry out/do) some research there but she intended (intend) that he (should) do the task himself. ④單句語法填空(2017天津卷)You write an unkind message about someone，intending (intend) to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. 【七選五】 Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 1 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological. One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 2 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. 3 They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The mon cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men. 4 Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(傾向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly . 5 A. However,women,onaverage,livelonger. B. Thebiologicalfactorplaysanimportantpart. C.Womenarealsohelpedbytheirfemalegenes. D.Thefemalehormonesalsoprotectthebodyinanotherway. E.Recentresearchseemstosupportbothofthesepossibilities. F.Therefore,womenaremorehealthythanmenandcanliveabetterlife. G.Hormonesarechemicalswhichareproducedbythebodytocontrolcariousbodyfunctions. 【語篇解讀】本文介紹了女性比男性壽命長的原因。 1.A 根據(jù)空格下一句 ＂一般說，女性比男性多活6到7年＂可知此處的意思是：然而，女性平均比男性壽命更長。故選A。 2.G 根據(jù)空格上句＂男性和女性之間荷爾蒙的不同幫助女性活得更久＂可知此空的意思是：荷爾蒙是身體分泌的控制身體各種功能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選G。 3.D 根據(jù)下句＂它們幫助身體本身抵抗各種感染＂可知此空的意思是：女性荷爾蒙也用另一種方式保護(hù)身體。故選D。 5.E 根據(jù)空格前兩句＂一些人認(rèn)為女性的身體細(xì)胞有比男性老化慢的傾向，另一些人認(rèn)為男性的身體細(xì)胞有老化較快的傾向＂可知E項(xiàng)＂最近的研究似乎支持這兩種可能＂符合題意。故選E。 refer to 提到，說到；參考，參閱；指的是 (1)refer...to...把……提交給 refer to...as...把……當(dāng)作…… refer sb.to sth.讓(人)參考……，讓(人)參閱…… (2)reference n．提及，涉及；參考，參考書目 in/with reference to 關(guān)于 ①(教材原句)Don’t refer to that matter again. 不要再提那件事了。 ②He is_referred_to (refer to) as a living Lei Feng. 他被稱為一個(gè)活雷鋒。 ③I didn’t know whom she was referring_to (refer to)． 我不知道她指的是誰。 carry on 繼續(xù)；保持；經(jīng)營；進(jìn)行(生意、談話等) carry on with/doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事 carry off 贏得；獲得(獎(jiǎng)品、榮譽(yù)等) carry out 實(shí)行；執(zhí)行；進(jìn)行；履行(諾言、義務(wù)等) carry through 幫……渡過(難關(guān)等)；維持；完成 ①(教材原句)Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? 為什么不像林巧稚一樣在醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)并繼續(xù)她的美好事業(yè)呢？ ②If you carry on working (work) like that，you’ll break down sooner or later. 如果繼續(xù)那樣工作，你遲早會(huì)累垮的。 ③The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise，if carried_out (carry out) regularly，can improve our health. 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，如果經(jīng)常性地進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻?，能夠改善我們的健康? ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅲ)She is determined to_carry (carry ) on with her education. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 With the development of science and technology，intelligent robots will be wide used in the future. At home，robots will help people do some housework and taking care of the elderly，babies and patients.In addition to these task，robots will even be able to play the chess and do exercise with people.In factories，robots will be used to perform some dangerous jobs avoid accidents. Robots will change our future life by many ways，what will make it more colorful and fortable.Therefore，we shouldnt depend on intelligent robots too much，for they were made to help humans rather than replace us.As helpers of we humans，robots should be used properly. 【答案】　 With the development of science and technology，intelligent robots will be used in the future. At home，robots will help people do some housework and care of the elderly，babies and p atients.In addition to these ，robots will even be able to play chess and do exercise with people.In factories，robots will be used to perform some dangerous jobs avoid accidents. Robots will change our future life many ways， will make it more colorful and fortable.，we shouldnt depend on intelligent robots too much，for they made to help humans rather than replace us.As helpers of humans，robots should be used properly. 第一處：wide→widely。考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞，故用副詞。wide也可作副詞，意為“盡可能廣地”，不符合語境。 第二處：taking→take。考查固定用法。根據(jù)該句中的“help people do some housework and”可知，此處應(yīng)用原形；help sb.(to) do sth.為固定用法。 第三處：task→tasks?？疾槊~的數(shù)。task為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)該詞前的these可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第四處：刪除the?？疾楣谠~。play chess為固定用法，意為“下象棋”；棋類名詞前不用冠詞。 第五處：jobs后加to?？疾閯?dòng)詞不定式。在工廠里，機(jī)器人將被用于執(zhí)行危險(xiǎn)任務(wù)，以避免事故。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的。 第六處：by→in?？疾榻樵~。in many ways意為“在很多方面”。 第七處：what→which?？疾殛P(guān)系代詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，且先行詞為ways，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語從句。 第八處：Therefore→However。考查副詞。上句說，機(jī)器人將改變我們未來的生活，使我們的生活多彩而舒適；該句說，我們不能過度依賴智能機(jī)器人；據(jù)此可知，兩句間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用However。 第九處：were→are?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。機(jī)器人是被用來幫助人類的，而不是來代替人類的。該句陳述的是客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 第十處：we→us?？疾榇~。of后接賓語，故用賓格us。 Once I stop，it all es crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. 我一旦停下來，所有的一切都會(huì)涌上心頭，我就會(huì)想起實(shí)驗(yàn)室里的黑猩猩。 (1)once conj.一……就……；一旦……，相當(dāng)于as soon as，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 (2)表示“一……就……”意義的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...，directly，immediately，the second，the moment，the instant等。 ①(2015北京卷)Once the damage is_done (do)，it will take many years for the farmland to recover. 一旦農(nóng)田被毀，將需要許多年的時(shí)間才能得以恢復(fù)。 ②Once (it_is)_seen (see)，it can never be forgotten. 見一次就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記。 ③Bad habits，once formed (form)，are difficult，and sometimes impossible to shake off. 壞習(xí)慣一旦形成就很難改掉，有時(shí)就不可能改掉。 Suddenly it_hit_me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 突然我想起，在那個(gè)年代，一個(gè)女子去學(xué)醫(yī)是多么困難啊。 句中使用“It hit(s)me＋從句”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“我突然想到……”，it在句中作形式主語。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： It occurs to sb.that...(某人)突然想到…… It strikes sb.that...(某人)突然想到…… It happens that...碰巧…… ①It didn’t occur to him that she would refuse his invitation. 他沒有想到她會(huì)拒絕他的邀請(qǐng)。 ②Then it hit me why this scene was so familiar to me! 這時(shí)我突然明白，為什么這幅景象讓我覺得如此熟悉。 ③After hospital life for a week it struck (strike) me that nothing is more important than health. 住院一個(gè)星期后我突然了解到?jīng)]有比健康更重要的東西了。 Why not... 為什么不……？何不做……呢？ 此句型主要用于向別人提出建議。 Why(not)do sth.？為什么不做某事呢？ Why don’t you do？你為什么不做某事？ (可與why not 通用，實(shí)際意思是提出“去做某事”的建議) Why do？為何做……？(表示責(zé)難或不同意) Why ever？究竟為什么？(用于問句，語帶驚訝) Why so？怎么會(huì)這樣？ ①Why don’t (do) we go together? 我們?yōu)槭裁床灰黄鹑ィ? ②Why use (use) my book again? 為什么又用我的書？ (1)Why don’t you do...？可以改為Why not do...？但Why didn’t you do...？則不能改為Why not do...? (2)why not 還可以用于口語中，表示“好??；當(dāng)然；請(qǐng)(別客氣)”。 【閱讀理解】 When I was in the sixth grade, I became a big K-pop (Korean pop) fan. Almost half the students at my middle school were Korean and almost all of them listened to Korean music, especially K-pop. I had never been interested in it. It sounded too strange to me, but all changed in the sixth grade when the huge hit Gee came out. All my friends were singing the chorus and imitating the dance. Gee fever sucked me into K-pop. It became my life. I listened to K-pop non-stop and filled my iPod with it. In a month, I had memorized the names of countless members of boy and girl bands and stuck pictures of my singer ＂boyfriends＂ on my walls. I would ditch my weekend art and math classes and go to concerts with my friends. This would always result in my mom shouting that I was wasting my life. My mom thought K-pop was trash and wanted me to like classical music as she did. But classical music made me sleepy. Every day during middle school I went to a K-pop gossip and news site called allkpop.. On this site I learned that I could audition(試音) to bee a singer in a K-pop band. The shining clothes, thousands of screaming fans and hearing them chant my name seemed much more exciting than being a middle school student. Being a K-pop star was all I wanted. I started watching the audition videos of current stars and reading blog posts from people who had auditioned. They explained much about the audition. This made me want to audition even more. After watching those videos, I saw that most of the current stars weren’t that amazing in their auditions and that each singer had improved so much through training. I had never had vocal lessons(聲樂課) and didn’t think of myself as a good singer. ＂But if they could do it, I could do that too,＂ I thought. 1.What caused the author to fall in love with K-pop? A. Her Korean origin. B.A new style of dance. C. Her friends’ influence. D. The popularity of Gee. 2.The underlined word ＂ditch＂ in Paragraph 1 probably means ＂________＂. A. forget B. attend C. ignore D. hate 3.What do we know about the author’s mother? A. She has no interest in music. B. She has a low opinion of K-pop. C. She doesn’t care about her daughter. D. She prefers K-pop to classical music. 4.After visiting allkpop., the author ________. A. dreamed of being a pop singer B. called the manager of the news site C. contacted people who had auditioned D. knew she would never bee a singer 【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。大多數(shù)人都認(rèn)為腫瘤科護(hù)士這一職業(yè)是讓人感到很壓抑的，然而我卻摯愛著這個(gè)職業(yè)。有時(shí)會(huì)有病人痊愈的奇跡發(fā)生，而我就是這奇跡創(chuàng)造過程中的一分子。 1.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句可知,當(dāng)奇跡發(fā)生時(shí),我就是這個(gè)奇跡創(chuàng)造過程中的一分子。因此D項(xiàng)正確。 2.A 【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知,在我當(dāng)護(hù)士的16年中,總是有人在問同樣的問題:當(dāng)腫瘤科的護(hù)士不令人感到沮喪嗎?這說明大多數(shù)人不喜歡這個(gè)職業(yè)。因此A項(xiàng)正確。 4.A 【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。全文主要談?wù)摰氖俏疫x擇護(hù)士職業(yè)的理由，因此A項(xiàng)正確。而B項(xiàng)作為文章標(biāo)題過大；C項(xiàng)以偏概全，不能作為文章的標(biāo)題；D項(xiàng)顯然是對(duì)醫(yī)院的闡述，不符合語篇主旨。