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Unit 1 Living well 一、閱讀理解 Kanda really doesnt like to walk alone.The scientist from a research institute of intelligent robots finds the experience so boring that hed rather drive—even though he lives close to his lab and knows that walking is healthy.“I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter，” Kanda said.“But they are not always available.” So Kanda，who specializes in humanlike bots，developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out and exercise more.The bot rests on a persons shoulder like a boxy parrot.It weighs about a pound and a half and sits roughly 8.5 inches high，and is 3.5 inches wide and 10 inches long.A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to municate.Its even equipped with a smile. Kanda and his team collected video from five different locations，including a garden and a shopping mall，and created a dataset of small talk topics related to each location.Then they programmed the robot to associate visual cues with specific topics.A special speech software provided the robot with a voice.Near a group of parked cars，for example，it might say，“In a big parking lot，sometimes I forget where I parked.” They tested the robot on 15 volunteers,10 males and 5 females，who were paid and averaged about 26 years old.“Have you ever blown a puff of dandelion(蒲公英)seeds into the air？” The robot asked a participant，who smiled and responded，“Yes, I often did that when I was a child.” Although several participants noted the robots weight，Kanda was surprised that no one considered the experience strange or funny.“I guess people enjoy new technologies，” he said. Just like a human partner，Kandas bot isnt perfect.Its not able to go for walks in heavy rain and，while the robot can make expressions，it cant really hold a conversation，about which Kanda is most worried.Despite its limits，Kanda was forted by the bots presence.“I felt a kind of sense of being with someone，”he said，“particularly when it spoke.” 1．Why does Kanda have the idea of developing a robotic walking partner? A．Because he wants someone to acpany him while walking. B．Because he has never developed a robot like a parrot. C．Because his family are unwilling to walk with him. D．Because he is crazy about developing robots. 2．What characteristic does the robot have? A．It can “speak” and “see”． B．It can walk like a human being. C．It can municate with people freely. D．It is much more humorous than a real person. 3．What is necessary for the robot to function? A．A small size. B．A boxy shape. C．A human partner. D．A speech software. 4．What is Kanda most likely to do about his robot next? A．To make it more convenient to carry. B．To improve its conversational skills. C．To enable it to walk in heavy rain. D．To better its sound system. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了新研發(fā)的陪人散步的機器人。 【難句分析】So Kanda, who specializes in humanlike bots, developed a robotic walking partner that could make small talk based on its surroundings，which，he hopes，might motivate people to get out.and exercise more. 分析：本句是一個復(fù)合句。who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Kanda; that引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞a robotic walking partner；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾前面的整個分句。 譯文：因此專門研究類人機器人的Kanda發(fā)明了一個可以陪人們散步的機器人，這個機器人能夠基于周圍的環(huán)境和人閑談，他希望這樣可以激發(fā)人們走出去，多鍛煉。 1．A　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的“‘I enjoy walking with someone，like with my wife，with my daughter， Kanda said.‘But they are not always available.’”可知，Kanda發(fā)明陪人散步的機器人的原因是想找個人在他散步時陪他，故選A。 2．A　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“A microphone，a speaker, and an internal camera allow it to municate”以及第三段的“Then they programmed...with a voice”可推知，這種機器人可以說話還可以看，故選A。 10．D　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“A microphone，a speaker，and an internal camera allow it to municate”和第三段的“Then they programmed...A special speech software provided the robot with a voice”可知，這種機器人是要配備麥克風(fēng)、揚聲器、內(nèi)置攝像頭以及特殊的語音軟件的，故選D。 3．B　考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段第二句的“it cant really hold a conversation, about which Kanda is most worried”并結(jié)合全文的內(nèi)容可推知，接下來Kanda將要改善的是機器人的交流技能，故選B。 二、單句語法填空 1．She adapted herself quickly ________ the climate there. 答案：to　adapt ... to ... “使……適應(yīng)……”。 2．After the meeting, the manager asked him to explain his ________ (absent)． 答案：absence 　absence “缺席；不在”；absent “不在的；缺席的”。由空前的his可知應(yīng)填名詞absence。 3．Is there any sound more ________ (annoy) than the whine of a mosquito? 答案：annoying　annoying “惱人的；煩人的；使人不高興的”，常用來描述事物的特性；annoyed “感到惱火的；覺得生氣的”，常描述人的心理狀態(tài)。此處指聲音的特點“令人心煩”可知應(yīng)填annoying。 4．Id like to congratulate you ________ your wonderful performance. 答案：on　congratulate sb. on sth. “就……向某人表示祝賀”。 5．The survey ________ (conduct) by the pany shows there is a large increase in customer satisfaction this year. 答案：conducted　conduct與主語survey 之間為被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過去分詞conducted充當(dāng)其后置定語。 6．All the rooms in this building are so well designed that they are ________ (access) to the disabled. 答案：accessible 　be accessible to “……可接近/可靠近/可使用的”。 7．The director was fully convinced that this moving story, if ________ (adapt) for television, would be a hit. 答案：adapted　adapt “適應(yīng)；改編”。所給動詞與其邏輯主語story之間為被動關(guān)系，故填過去分詞。 8．My grandfather often goes to the countryside, because he thinks a stay there will be ________ (benefit) to his health. 答案：beneficial 　be beneficial to ... “對……有益”。 9．Without his ________ (encourage) to me, I would have been defeated in the game. 答案：encouragement　此處用名詞encouragement “鼓勵”作介詞without的賓語。 10．________ (ambitious) plays an important role in our daily life, because it is a guide for us to make decisions and choices. 答案：Ambition　句中缺主語，故應(yīng)填名詞ambition充當(dāng)主語。且作“雄心，野心”講時，為不可數(shù)名詞。 三、完形填空。 When I was a teenager, we were the only family in our New York town that didnt own a car. And having no car was __1__ because all my friends parents did. We were poor. Suddenly a moment arrived __2__ my life forever. For weeks a new Buick Roadmaster __3__ in the window of the biggest store on the main street. Now, on the special night, I stayed in the shadows at the edge of the crowd waiting for the winning __4__ to be drawn. It had never even entered my mind that we would __5__. But the loudspeaker called my fathers name! __6__ I wormed my way up to the platform, the mayor had presented Dad with the __7__， and he had driven off amid __8__. I ran __9__. My mother met me and told me that my father had asked Jim, his boss, if he wanted to buy a ticket. Jim said yes and my dad __10__ two tickets in his own name with his own money, __11__ 348 for Jim and the winning number was 348 instead of __12__ one 349. “Your father is struggling with a(n) __13__ problem. But I think if you have character, you have the better part of __14__ and I know your father will do what is right，” my mother said __15__. At last we __16__ Dads step on the front porch. I held my __17__. He went straight to the __18__ in the dining room and dialed. Jims phone rang for a long time... __19__ over the years, I know now we were never __20__ than we were at the moment when Dad made the telephone call. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇記敘文，講述了“我”年少時父親所做的一件正確的事。 1. A．relaxing B．shaming C．worrying D．pleasing 答案與解析：B根據(jù)該句中的“because all my friends parents did”可知，“我”所有的朋友的父母都有車；據(jù)此可以判斷，沒有車是令人羞愧的(shaming)。A項意為“令人放松的”，C項意為“令人擔(dān)心的”，D項意為“令人高興的”，都與語境不符。 2. A．saving B．improving C．risking D．changing 答案與解析：D根據(jù)下文可知，“我”的父親中彩了，贏得了車；據(jù)此可以判斷，這一突如其來的時刻改變(changing)了“我”的人生。A項意為“挽救”，B項意為“改善”，C項意為“冒險”，都與語境不符。 3. A．had stood B．had been on sale C．had performed D．had been under repair 答案與解析：A根據(jù)該句中的“a new Buick Roadmaster 3 in the window of the biggest store on the main street”并結(jié)合下文對父親中彩的描述可知，一輛新的別克轎車停(had stood)在主街道最大的商店的櫥窗里作為獲獎?wù)叩莫勂贰? 4. A．team B．guy C．ticket D．boss 答案與解析：C根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合第三段最后一句中的“tickets”可知，“我”在人群的邊緣等候獲獎的票(ticket)被抽出。A項意為“團(tuán)隊”，B項意為“家伙”，D項意為“老板”，都與語境不符。 5. A．jump B．fail C．strike D．win 答案與解析：D根據(jù)后一句“But the loudspeaker called my fathers name！”可知，但是擴音器里呼叫“我”父親的姓名；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”從來沒有想到我們會獲獎(win)，故D項正確。A項意為“跳躍”，B項意為“失敗”，C項意為“撞擊”，都與語境不符。 6. A．As soon as B．Because C．By the time D．Although 答案與解析：C根據(jù)該句中的“the mayor had presented Dad with”可以判斷，等“我”費力登上平臺時，市長已經(jīng)將車鑰匙交給了“我”的父親。by the time意為“到……時”，故C項正確。A項意為“一……就……”，B項意為“因為”，D項意為“盡管”，都與語境不符。 7. A．dollars B．keys C．medals D．tickets 答案與解析：B根據(jù)該句中的“he had driven off amid __8__”可知，市長將轎車的鑰匙(keys)頒給了他，他在一片歡呼聲中駕車而去。A項意為“美元”，C項意為“獎牌”，D項意為“票”，都與語境不符。 8. A．shouts B．prayers C．noises D．cheers 答案與解析：D參見上題解析。A項意為“喊叫聲”；B項意為“祈禱”；C項意為“噪音”。 9. A．home B．downtown C．to my friends D．to the platform 答案與解析：A根據(jù)后一句中的“My mother met me”可知，母親遇到了“我”；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”跑回了家(home)。 10. A．saved B．bought C．booked D．printed 答案與解析：B根據(jù)前一句中的“if he wanted to buy a ticket”可知，“我”的父親詢問過Jim是否要購買彩票；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”的父親購買(bought)了兩張彩票。A項意為“挽救”；C項意為“預(yù)訂”；D項意為“打印”。 11. A．calling B．writing C．marking D．bringing 答案與解析：C根據(jù)該句中的“348 for Jim”可知，父親在348號彩票上標(biāo)注(marking)了Jim的名字，故C項正確。A項意為“呼叫”，B項意為“書寫”，D項意為“帶來”，都與語境不符。 12. A．the other B．a(chǎn)nother C．the lucky D．other 答案與解析：A根據(jù)該句中的“two tickets”可知，父親共買了兩張票；據(jù)此可知，該處表示另一張是349號。A項表示“兩者中的另一個”，符合語境。 13. A．embarrassing B．mental C．puzzling D．moral 答案與解析：D根據(jù)語境可知，父親在思考是否將以自己的錢和名義為Jim購買的彩票所中的汽車給Jim，故這是一個道德上的(moral)問題。A項意為“令人尷尬的”，B項意為“精神的”，C項意為“令人困惑的”，都與語境不符。 14. A．wealth B．poverty C．health D．belief 答案與解析：A根據(jù)該句中的“But I think if you have character, you have the better part of”可以判斷，如果你有好的品格，你就擁有人生財富(wealth)中更好的部分，故A項正確。B項意為“貧窮”，C項意為“健康”，D項意為“信念”，都與語境不符。 15. A．with anger B．excitedly C．calmly D．with anxiety 答案與解析：C根據(jù)該句中的“and I know your father will do what is right”可知，母親相信父親會做正確的事；據(jù)此可以判斷，母親平靜地(calmly)說，故C項正確。A項意為“憤怒地”，B項意為“興奮地”，D項意為“焦慮地”，都與語境不符。 16. A．saw B．heard C．followed D．found 答案與解析：B根據(jù)該句中的“Dads step on the front porch”可知，最后我們聽到(heard)了父親走向門廊的聲音。 17. A．a(chǎn)rms B．mouth C．eyes D．breath 答案與解析：D根據(jù)語境可知，“我”注意著父親的一舉一動；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”屏住了呼吸(breath)。 18. A．phone B．cup C．ticket D．window 答案與解析：A根據(jù)該句中的“and dialed”可知，他徑直走向餐廳里的電話(phone)，故A項正確。 19. A．Looking out B．Looking up C．Looking back D．Looking in 答案與解析：C根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示回顧(Looking back)這幾年，“我”現(xiàn)在知道我們從來沒有比父親打電話的那一刻更富有過，故C項正確。A項意為“當(dāng)心，留神”；B項意為“查閱，向上看”；D項意為“短暫探訪”。 20. A．poorer B．richer C．more foolish D．more clever 答案與解析：B參見上題解析。A項意為“更貧窮”，C項意為“更愚蠢”，D項意為“更聰明”，都與語境不符。 四、單句改錯 1．I was out of the breath after running 1,600 metres. ______________________________________________________ 答案：去掉the　out of breath “上氣不接下氣”。 2．You dont want to be made fun and neither do others. ______________________________________________________ 答案：fun后加of　make fun of “取笑”。 3．The scientist as well as his assistants were doing an experiment in the lab then. ______________________________________________________ 答案：were→was　當(dāng)主語后面接由as well as構(gòu)成的詞組時，謂語動詞的形式要依主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。 4．English is so difficult for him to learn. ______________________________________________________ 答案：so→too　too＋adj.＋(for sb.)＋to do ... “(對某人來說)太……而不能……”。 5．We offer our congratulation to you on your winning the prize. ______________________________________________________ 答案：congratulation→congratulations　congratulation“祝賀”，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 五、七選五 Which is much more significant to you when you are finding a job？Working experience or an advanced degree？Well，I believe diverse people have different answers. 1 Here are some reasons： Above all，most of jobs dont require such a high degree，which means just some work，such as theoretical physics，archaeology，or literature，needs high academic qualification. 2 For example，when you are offering a department manager post，and there is a man who has already been a manager for three years but only has a masters degree and an inexperienced person with a doctors degree，which one would you choose？Definitely the first one for the manager who doesnt acquire a doctors degree but has rich working experience. 3 For instance，Bill Gates，who was the richest man in the world and one of the most successful merchants.What a wise choice when he decided to abandon studying so that he could gain more working experience instead of a doctors degree！Or Steve Paul Jobs，who discontinued his study at the age of nineteen in order to bee a member of a puter pany just like Bill Gates. 4 5 Maybe you shouldnt have to gain an advanced or high degree，but that doesnt mean nothing.Probably a bachelors degree is still necessary in this fiercely petitive society. All in all，I think rich working experience is much more important than an advanced degree. A．However，a degree is still required for most people. B．Meanwhile，rich working experience will draw more attention. C．Secondly，plenty of experience will bring you success much earlier. D．In my view，either working experience or an advanced degree counts. E．As for me，I will say working experience without hesitation. F．As a matter of fact，more people with rich working experience bee successful. G．From all of these，we can see that an advanced degree isnt so necessary as working experience. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇議論文。論述了工作經(jīng)驗是工作成功的最重要的因素這一論點。 1．E　[根據(jù)空處位置可知，空處承上啟下，根據(jù)該段第二句“Working experience or an advanced degree？”可知，空處提出自己的觀點并引出下文，故E項與此處匹配。] 2．B　[根據(jù)本段最后一句“Definitely the first one for the manager who doesnt acquire a doctors degree but has rich working experience.”并結(jié)合空后所列舉的例子可知，該例旨在證明豐富的工作經(jīng)驗在應(yīng)聘時更受歡迎，故B項與此處匹配。] 3．C　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的主題句；根據(jù)本段列舉的比爾蓋茨放棄學(xué)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)成功和喬布斯在十九歲時輟學(xué)這兩個例子可以判斷，本段旨在說明豐富的工作經(jīng)驗?zāi)艽偈谷嗽缛粘晒?，故C項正確。] 4．G　[根據(jù)該空所在的位置可知，該空總結(jié)本段大意；由空前列舉的比爾蓋茨和喬布斯這兩個例子可以判斷，高學(xué)歷不如工作經(jīng)驗重要，故G項正確。] 5．A　[根據(jù)空處所在的位置可知，空處為本段的主題句；由本段最后一句“Probably a bachelors degree is still necessary in this fiercely petitive society.”可知，在這個競爭激烈的社會中，學(xué)歷仍然是有必要的。據(jù)此可以判斷，本段主要陳述學(xué)歷對于大部分人來說還是需要的，故A項正確。]