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Unit 2　The United Kingdom 【短文語法填空】 On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1. (quit) before her. When she walked into the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2. rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3. (leave) everywhere. Sally walked onto the platform, 4. (pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！”All students stopped 5. (look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 ... In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6. the wall of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them. 7． (surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8. ， she won respect from the students. Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9. she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and 10. (confident)． 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文講述了一名老師通過努力制定課堂規(guī)則，最終感化學(xué)生的故事。 1．had quit(ted)　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：她被告知在她之前已有六位老師辭職。根據(jù)語境，quit 的動作發(fā)生在 was told 之前，即“過去的過去”，應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填 had quit(ted)。 2．the　解析：考查冠詞。句意：當她走進教室的時候，教室里一片混亂：兩個男孩在角落里打架，而班里剩下的人好像根本沒注意到他們；一些女孩在聊天，一些人在到處跑，到處都是紙、食品袋和其他垃圾。the rest of 為固定短語，意為“其余的”。故填 the。 3．left　解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意見上一題解析。此處為“with＋賓語＋賓補”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，邏輯主語為 paper, food packages and other garbage，與動詞 leave 之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作賓補。故填 left。 4．picked　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：薩莉走上講臺，拿起一支粉筆在黑板上寫下：“規(guī)則1：我們是一家人！”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處與 walked 和 wrote 為并列的謂語動詞，因此，應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填 picked。 5．to look　解析：考查非謂語動詞。句意：所有學(xué)生都停下來看著她。此處指學(xué)生停下正在做的事情來看她，stop to do sth. 意為“停下來去做某事”。故填to look。 6．on/onto　解析：考查介詞。句意：接下來的幾周，薩莉制定了10條班級規(guī)則，并把它們張貼在教室的墻上。post...on/onto...意為“把……張貼在……上”，故填 on 或 onto。 7．Surprisingly　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：令人驚訝的是，薩莉并沒有像之前的老師那樣被趕走，反而贏得了學(xué)生們的尊重。設(shè)空處在句中作狀語，修飾整個句子，應(yīng)用副詞。故填 Surprisingly。 8．instead　解析：考查副詞。句意見上一題解析。根據(jù)句意可知，上下文是對比關(guān)系，設(shè)空處表示“而不是；相反”。故填instead。 9．a(chǎn)s　解析：考查定語從句。句意：在畢業(yè)典禮上，正如她所期待的那樣，她非常自豪地與一個細心、禮貌并且自信的班級站在一起。本句是一個非限制性定語從句，修飾整個句子，且位于句首，根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處表示“正如”。故填 as。 10．confidence　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意見上一題解析。設(shè)空處作介詞 of 的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞，故填 confidence。 convenience n．便利；方便；便利的人(事物) (1)for the convenience of...為了方便…… for(the sake of)convenience 為了方便起見 at one’s convenience 在方便時；在適宜的地點 (2)convenient adj.方便的；便利的 It is convenient for sb.to do sth.某人方便做某事 ①(教材原句)England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 英格蘭是四個國家中最大的，為方便起見，它大體上分成三個區(qū)。 ②Please reply __at__ your earliest convenience. 請在您方便時盡早答復(fù)。 ③It’s a great __convenience__ (convenient) to live here.__At__ my convenience，I can visit some of my favorite museums.Shopping is convenient __to/for__ my wife.__It__ is convenient for my son to go to school，for his school is only two blocks away.If Sunday is __convenient__ (convenience) to/for you，be sure to e to get together. 住在這里真方便。我可以抽空去參觀我所鐘愛的幾家博物館。我妻子購物很方便。我兒子上學(xué)也很方便，因為距學(xué)校只有兩個街區(qū)的距離。要是你周日有空，一定要來聚一聚。 (1)convenience 意為“方便；便利”時，為不可數(shù)名詞；作“便利的事物；便利設(shè)施”講時為可數(shù)名詞。 (2)convenient 作表語用時，主語不能是人，常用于It is convenient for sb.to do sth.句型。 attract vt.吸引；引起 (1)attract one’s attention/mind 吸引某人的注意力 be attracted by 被……所吸引 attract sb.to sth.吸引某人關(guān)注某事 (2)attraction n．有趣的東西；吸引人之物 have an/no/a little/much attraction for sb.對某人具有/沒有/有一點/很有吸引力 (3)attractive adj.有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起興趣的 be attractive to 對……有吸引力 ①(教材原句)It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. 可惜的是，這些建于19世紀的工業(yè)城市不吸引游客。 ②(2016四川卷)Even the youngest children in the class __were attracted__ (attract) by the story. 甚至班里最小的孩子也被故事吸引。 ③The scenery is so __attractive__ (attract)that it __attracts__ (attract) many tourists’ attention every year，and it will keep on holding much __attraction__ (attract) for more travellers. 這里的風(fēng)景如此迷人以至于每年都吸引了很多游客的注意力并且將持續(xù)吸引更多的游客。 ④單句語法填空(2017北京卷)TOKNOW makes plex ideas __attractive__ (attract) and accessible to children, who can bee involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲學(xué))． arrange v．籌備；安排；整理；布置；排列 (1)arrange sth.for sb.為某人安排某事 arrange to do sth.安排做某事；約定做某事 arrange with sb.to do sth.與某人約定做某事 arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事 arrange that...商定……；安排…… (2)arrangement n．安排，籌備 make arrangements for...安排…… ①(教材原句)They had no time to arrange their own wedding，so they had it organized by a pany. 他們沒有時間籌備自己的婚禮，因此他們讓一家公司代為組織。 ②It’s not necessary for parents to arrange everything __for__ their children. 父母沒有必要為孩子安排好一切。 ③They made __arrangements__ (arrange) for our journey to Rome. 他們?yōu)槲覀兊搅_馬去的旅行籌備一切。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅰ)Last year, Moran worked on a project that __arranged__ (arrange) Fats Waller’s music for a dance party. (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.。 (2)make arrangements(for sth./for sb.to do sth.)中的arrangement常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (3)arrange后接that從句時，從句用“should＋動詞原形”。 delight n．快樂；高興；喜悅 vt.& vi.(使)高興，(使)欣喜 (1) 使某人(大為)高興的是 take/find/have delight in(doing)sth.以(做)……為樂 with/in delight 高興地 It is a delight to do sth.做某事是一件令人愉快的事 (2)delight sb.with sth.用某物取悅某人 (3)delighted adj.高興的，快樂的 be delighted (4)delightful adj.令人愉快的，宜人的 ①(教材原句)Her first delight was going to the Tower. 她最想先參觀的地方是倫敦塔。 ②Much __to__ my delight，my son __delights__ (delight) in learning English.He __is delighted__ (delight) to listen to English songs and sing after the tape again and again.Yesterday he came home __with__ delight and __delighted__ (delight) me with the good news that he won the first place in an English petition. 很讓我高興的是，兒子喜歡學(xué)英語了。他喜歡聽英語歌曲并且一遍又一遍地跟著唱。昨天他很高興地回到家并且告訴了我一條讓我高興的消息——他在一場英語競賽中獲得第一名。 ③(2016全國卷Ⅱ)I __was delighted__ (delight) at the __presence__ (present) of such a student. 我對這樣的學(xué)生的到場而高興。 【七選五】 The book A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It by Deborah Cohen, a senior natural scientist, is very popular now. 　 1 　But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight. 1. If you’re obese, blame your genes. 　 2 　Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled — too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible. At restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before, because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, so people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less. 2. If you’re obese, you lack self-control. Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.　 3 　Even the most vigilant(警覺的) people may not be good controllers of themselves. 3. 　 4 　 Although the US Department of Agriculture estimates that fewer than 5 percent of Americans live in the ＂food deserts＂, about 65 percent of the nation’s population is obese. For most of us, obesity is not related to access to more fresh fruits and vegetables, but to the choices we make in supermarkets. 4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we don’t exercise. Michelle Obama’s ＂Let’s Move＂ campaign is based on the idea that if kids exercise more, childhood obesity rates will decrease.　 5 　In fact, although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased. A. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is a cause of obesity. B. Obesity rates have increased. C. Fresh fruits and vegetables we choose in a supermarket are related to obesity. D. But there was no obvious decrease in physical activity levels as obesity rates climbed in the 1980s and1990s. E. People hold different views on obesity. F. People benefit a lot from physical activities. G. Our world has bee so rich in food that we can be led to consume too much in ways we can’t understand. 【語篇解讀】肥胖是現(xiàn)代社會的主要問題之一。Deborah Cohen 的A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind Obesity and How We Can End It一書中，作者介紹了人們對肥胖問題的幾種誤解。 1.E 【解析】根據(jù)下句由轉(zhuǎn)折意義的內(nèi)容＂But according to this book, the following are some misunderstandings of obesity or being overweight.＂（但該書認為下面幾點是關(guān)于肥胖的幾點誤解）可知，人們對肥胖問題觀點不一，故E項正確。 2.B 【解析】根據(jù)下句內(nèi)容＂Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled — too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.＂（然而，在1980年到2000年，美國肥胖的人數(shù)就翻了一番。該速度太快，可見肥胖并非遺傳因素所致）可知，此處表示＂肥胖比例有所增加，故B項正確。 3.G 【解析】根據(jù)上句＂Research shows that if we are faced with too much information, we have a tendency to make poor choices on diet.＂（研究表明，如果我們面臨太多信息，我們很可能會就節(jié)食作出糟糕的選擇）可知，該句應(yīng)表示＂我們現(xiàn)在的食物如此豐富以致于我們會被引導(dǎo)以自己難以想象的方式去消耗食物＂，故選G項。 5.D 【解析】根據(jù)下句＂although a drop in work-related physical activity may explain up to 100 fewer calories burned, leisure physical activity appears to have increased.＂（盡管跟工作相關(guān)的體力活動減少導(dǎo)致人們少燃燒多達100卡路里，但休閑體力活動似乎有所增加）可知，在二十世紀八十年代和九十年代，人們的體力活動并未明顯減少，故選D項。 consist of 由……組成 (1)由……組成 (2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于 consist with 與……一致/相符 (3)consistent adj.相容的；一致的 be consistent with和……一致/相符 ①(教材原句)How many countries does the UK consist of? 聯(lián)合王國由幾個國家組成？ ②(2016天津卷)Students are provided with breakfast，dinner and either a __cooked__ (cook) or packed lunch which __consists__ (consist) of a sandwich，a drink and a dessert. 向?qū)W生提供早餐和晚餐，和一份做好的或者包裝的午餐——由三明治、飲料和甜食組成。 ③Life mainly __consists__ (consist) of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist __in__ struggle.Remember that your ideal life does not always consist __with__ the reality. 生活主要是由快樂和悲傷組成的，而快樂和悲傷存在于拼搏之中。記住，理想的生活并不總是和現(xiàn)實相一致。 divide...into 把……分成 divide...between/among/with...和……分擔/分配/分享 divide...by...用……除以…… divide...in half(two)/into halves 把……分成兩部分 ①(教材原句)England can be divided into three main areas. 英國可以劃分為三個主要地區(qū)。 ②The prize money will __be divided__ (divide) among the winners. 獎金將由獲勝者們均分。 ③30 __divided__ (divide) by 6 is 5. 30除以6等于5。 break down 損壞；破壞；(談判、希望、計劃等)失敗，破裂；(化學(xué))分解；垮掉 break away(from) 掙脫(束縛)；脫離 break off 中斷；折斷 break into 闖入 break out 爆發(fā)；發(fā)生 break up 驅(qū)散；分散；打碎，終止 ①(教材原句)On my way to the station my car broke down. 在去車站的路上，我的汽車壞了。 ②A quarrel broke __out__，which made him break away __from__ his family. 他與家人發(fā)生爭吵，這使得他與家人決裂。 ③The police came and broke __up__ the crowds. 警察來了，把人群驅(qū)散。 ④Breaking __up__ firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves：in time, one of them would bee great again.(2017江蘇卷) leave out 省去；遺漏；不考慮 (1)leave...alone 不去打擾(某人)；讓(某人)獨自待著；別碰(某物) leave...aside 不予考慮；擱置一邊 leave behind 留下；忘帶；遺留 leave for 動身去 leave off 停止；中斷 leave over 留下，剩下，延后，推遲 leave sb.doing 讓某人一直處于某種狀態(tài) (2)be/feel left out 被冷落；覺得被忽視(冷落) be left over 剩下；殘留 ①(教材原句)Which country is left out? 哪個國家被漏掉了？ ②You shouldn’t leave the boy __alone__；he is too young. 你不該把這男孩單獨留下，他太小。 ③Let’s leave the matter __aside__ for a moment. 讓我們把這件事擱一會再說。 【短文改錯】 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards it may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In a beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid make mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out that I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraging，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them. I also joined in an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice made perfect.Now I can talk fluent in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 【答案】　 Mistakes are unavoidable in life.But attitudes towards may make a difference. I still remember how my spoken English was improved.In beginning，I always kept silent in our oral class to avoid mistakes. Before long my teacher got to know about my situation. He encouraged me to speak out I thought.Whenever I made mistakes and felt ，my teacher and my classmates would help me figure out how I have avoided them. I also joined an English club to get more chances to speak.Practice perfect.Now I can talk in English. Just as the saying goes，“Every bean has its black.” Dont afraid of making mistakes.Learn from mistakes，and success is just waiting for us. 第一處：it→them?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境可知，第二句中“towards”的賓語指代的是第一句的主語“Mistakes”，故用them。 第二處：a→the?？疾楣谠~。根據(jù)前一句“I still remember how my spoken English was improved.”可知，該處特指上文中“提高英語口語水平”的開始，故用定冠詞。 第三處：make→making?？疾榉侵^語動詞。avoid doing sth.為固定用法，意為“避免做某事”。 第四處：that→what。考查賓語從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，what既作賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，也作從句中及物動詞thought的賓語，而that在從句中不能作成分，故將that改為what。 第五處：discouraging→discouraged?？疾樾稳菰~。根據(jù)從句主語I可知，該處應(yīng)用discouraged形容人，意為“沮喪的”；discouraging形容事物，意為“令人沮喪的”。 第六處：must→could。考查情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，該句使用了虛擬語氣，表示“過去本能夠做卻沒有做”，故用could have done。 第七處：刪除in?？疾楣潭ù钆洹Ｔ撎幹浮皡⒓佑⒄Z俱樂部”，參加某個組織用join，而join in為固定搭配，意為“參加活動”，故刪除in。 第八處：made→makes?？疾橹髦^一致和時態(tài)。句意：熟能生巧。該句為一般真理，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；該句主語為Practice，為不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故用makes。 第九處：fluent→fluently。考查副詞。根據(jù)該句中的動詞“talk”可知，此處修飾動詞，故用副詞形式。 第十處：afraid前加be。考查祈使句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為祈使句，afraid為形容詞，故afraid前加動詞原形be。 __It seemed strange that__ the man who had developed munism __should have lived__ and died in London. 奇怪的是，這位發(fā)展了共產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，并且在這里去世。 在It＋be/seems＋strange(necessary，important，natural，a pity，a shame...)that...句型中，that所引導(dǎo)的主語從句的謂語動詞常用“should＋動詞原形”這種虛擬語氣形式，should可以省略。should在這些句型中表示驚訝、氣憤、惋惜等情感，意為“竟然，居然”。 ①It is strange that the Turkish military(should) __have shot__ (shoot)down a Russian military aircraft. 真是太奇怪了，土耳其軍方竟然擊落一架俄羅斯軍用飛機 ②It’s a pity that he __(should)fail__ (fail) to grasp the chance when it arose. 機會出現(xiàn)時，他竟然沒有抓住，真是遺憾。 ③It seemed as though she __didn’t have__ (have) a friend in the world. 看起來她好像在這個世界上沒有一個朋友。 should have done還可以表示過去該做某事，意為“本應(yīng)該做某事，但實際未做”。 ④(2015福建卷)—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again. —Oh，it’s too bad.You __(should)have made__ (make) full preparations. 【閱讀理解】 From young kids to fitness lovers, to those looking for a laugh, or to families looking for a free movie night, Atlantic Station prepares some days for them to enjoy this year. Tot Spot — Each Tuesday morning, Atlantic Stations Central Park transforms into every childs dream playground! From 10：00 am to noon, kids can enjoy games, storytelling, toys, music and some very special things. This event begins on April 5 and lasts through September 27. Wellness Wednesday — Each Wednesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm, Atlantic Stations Central Park bees the perfect place to find quietness of the mind and body while instructors lead guests through exercises including yoga and more. Wellness Wednesday weles all ages and skill levels. This event begins on April 6 and lasts through September 28. Improv in the Park — Whole World Theatre, Atlantas premier improv group, has once again partnered with Atlantic Station to bring a familyfriendly night of edy to the Central Park on the first Wednesday of each month until September. Bring a blanket, relax under the stars and prepare to laugh until your stomach hurts! The hourlong show begins at 8：00 pm. This event occurs on April 5, May 4, June 1, July 6 and August 3. Movies in the Central Park — Each Thursday night at dusk, guests are invited to bring chairs, blankets, togo snacks and picnics to Atlantic Stations Central Park. All outdoor screenings are available, weather permitting, so keep your fingers crossed for no The Wizard of Oztype storms! Be sure to arrive early to find a good seat. This event starts on May 19 and occurs every Thursday through July 28. 【文章大意】　本文主要介紹了大西洋站幾個可以讓人們放松自己、享受生活和獲得樂趣的活動。 1．Mothers can take their kids who like listening to stories to ________. A．Tot Spot B．Improv in the Park C．Wellness Wednesday D．Movies in the Central Park 答案與解析：A　考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文中第二段中的“From 10：00 am to noon，kids can enjoy games, storytelling, toys, music and some very special things.”可知，從上午10點到中午，在幼兒休閑區(qū)(Tot Spot)孩子們可以做游戲、講故事、玩玩具、聽音樂等，結(jié)合選項可知，想聽故事的孩子們可以去參加Tot Spot活動，故A項正確。 2．When can you do yoga with an instructor in Atlantic Stations Central Park? A．On each Tuesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm in August. B．On each Tuesday morning from 10：00 am to noon in July. C．At 8：00 pm on April 5, May 4, June 1, July 6 and August 3. D．On each Wednesday at 7：00 pm in June and July. 答案與解析：D考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Each Wednesday from 6：30 pm to 7：30 pm，Atlantic Stations Central Park bees the perfect place to find quietness of the mind and body while instructors lead guests through exercises including yoga and more”和“This event begins...September 28”可知，4月6日到9月28日的每個星期三下午6：30到7：30，大西洋站中央公園成為人們尋求心靈寧靜和身體放松的地方，有指導(dǎo)者帶領(lǐng)客人做包括瑜伽和其他活動在內(nèi)的練習(xí)。由此可知，D項符合題意。 3．What can we learn from the text? A．Atlantic Station sets the days for guests to have fun. B．Tickets for Movies in Central Park are hard to get. C．Movies in the Central Park are shown only indoors. D．Only teenagers are wele to join in Wellness Wednesday 答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段可知，Atlantic Station為客人安排時間和活動來讓他們玩得開心，故A項符合題意。