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Unit 2　Working the land 【短文語法填空】 Most people agree that the best way 1. (improve) your skills in any endeavor is to practice and practice and then practice some more.This applies 2. (equal) to playing sports or being a good musician, painter or doctor.Of course, natural talent also plays a part in high 3. (achieve), but learning the correct techniques and then practicing them will improve anyone’s performance. The same principle 4. (apply) to petent readers.There are certain 5. (technique) you can learn and then 6. is up to you to practice.The texts you choose to practice with should not be too difficult or you will soon get frustrated and bored.One way to test 7. a text is at the right level or not is to read the first page.If the percentage of new words is 8. (high) than 3%, you will not be able to read the text easily and so will probably not enjoy it. Reading will also be enjoyable if the subject interests you or you believe it is useful.For example, suppose in biology you were studying how plants reproduce, then you could find an English text about this 9. the Internet.That way you would be practicing reading in English as well as 10. (study) biology. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　文章向我們介紹了英語閱讀練習(xí)的相關(guān)技巧，強(qiáng)調(diào)練習(xí)在任何領(lǐng)域都起著重要作用。 1．to improve　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為在任何嘗試中，提升你技能最好的方式是練習(xí)、練習(xí)、再練習(xí)。the best way to do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“做某事的最佳方式”，動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語。 2．equally　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：這一點(diǎn)同樣適用于體育運(yùn)動(dòng)或成為一名好的音樂家、畫家或醫(yī)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，apply to為動(dòng)詞短語，應(yīng)用副詞修飾。故填equally。 3．a(chǎn)chievement(s)　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：當(dāng)然，天賦對(duì)于取得高成就起著重要作用……設(shè)空前為介詞in，故填achieve的名詞形式achievement(s)，作賓語。 4．a(chǎn)pplies　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：同樣的原則適用于有能力的讀者。根據(jù)句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，The same principle為主語，且此處闡述的是客觀事實(shí)，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填applies。 5．techniques　解析：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：有些特定的技巧供你學(xué)習(xí)，然后練習(xí)取決于你自己。technique在此意為“技巧”，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)There are可知應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填techniques。 6．it　解析：考查代詞。句意見上一題解析。It is up to sb.to do sth.為固定句型，it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。故填it。 7．whether　解析：考查賓語從句。句意：檢測(cè)一篇文章是否難度適中的一種方式是讀第一頁。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，test為動(dòng)詞，后接賓語從句，結(jié)合句意和空后的or not可知，此處填whether。 8．higher　解析：考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。句意：如果生詞率高于3%，你將很難讀懂文章，因此可能也不會(huì)喜歡這篇文章。根據(jù)空后的than可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填higher。 9．on　解析：考查介詞。句意：……你可以在網(wǎng)上找到有關(guān)這一主題的英文文章。on the Internet為固定搭配，意為“在網(wǎng)上”。 10．studying　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：你可以用那種方式練習(xí)用英語閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)生物。由as well as可知，practicing和設(shè)空處并列，故填studying。 struggle v．& n．奮斗，努力；斗爭(zhēng)，抗?fàn)? (1)struggle against/with sb./sth.同……作斗爭(zhēng)；與……抗?fàn)? struggle(with sb.)for sth.為爭(zhēng)取……而(與某人)作斗爭(zhēng) struggle to do sth.艱難地做某事，掙扎著做某事 struggle to one’s feet掙扎著站起來 (2)with a struggle 費(fèi)勁地 It is a struggle for sb.to do sth. 對(duì)某人來說做某事是一件艱難的事 ①(教材原句)Indeed，his sunburnt face and arms and his slim，strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers，for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 的確，他那被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和手臂，以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體，就跟其他千百萬的中國農(nóng)民一樣，過去50年來，他一直在努力幫助他們。 ②Farmers always have to struggle for a living.They often struggle against/with the bad weather for a better harvest.Some of them even have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities，struggling (struggle) to increase their ine. 農(nóng)民一直都得為了生存而努力。他們經(jīng)常與惡劣的天氣斗爭(zhēng)來爭(zhēng)取好一點(diǎn)的收成。他們中的一些人甚至不得不離開家鄉(xiāng)到城市打工，努力地增加他們的收入。 ③(2016北京卷)Because a college munity (群體) differs from the family，many students will struggle to find(find)a sense of belonging. 因?yàn)榇髮W(xué)群體不同于家庭，很多學(xué)生要艱難地尋找一種歸屬感。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅲ)We found that in 30mph zones they struggled (struggle) to keep at a constant speed. equip vt.& vi.裝備；配備 (1)equip...with...用……裝備…… be equipped with 裝備著…… equip...for sth./to do sth.為了……而裝備，使……能夠做某事 be well/poorly equipped 設(shè)備精良的/較差的 (2)equipment n．裝備；設(shè)備(不可數(shù)名詞) a piece of equipment 一件設(shè)備 ①(教材原句)He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture. 因此，他資助幾百萬元供其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)研究。 ②(2016北京卷)Thus，these wellequipped (wellequip) people survived because they were the fittest. 這樣，這些裝備精良的人幸存了下來，因?yàn)樗麄兪亲罱】档摹? ③語境填詞 Equipped (equip) with much knowledge about education，Li Ming thought the training course had_equipped (equip) him for his job.He was appointed to a middle school，whose classrooms and readingroom were_equipped (equip) with puters and other necessary equipment (equip)．He was glad to see all this and when he saw the well equipped (equip) laboratory，he felt he liked the school and would do quite well there. ④單句語法填空(2017天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment (equip), allowing more patients to be treated. confuse vt.使迷惑；使為難；使混亂；混淆 (1)sth.confuse sb.某事使某人困惑 confuse...with/and...混淆；把……混同；辨別不清 (2)confused adj.困惑的，煩惱的(表示人的內(nèi)心感受) bee/get confused 困惑；不知所措 be confused by 被……弄混、糊涂 be confused about 對(duì)……糊涂、不解 (3)confusing adj.令人費(fèi)解的；使人困惑的(表示事物的狀態(tài)) (4)confusion n．混亂；雜亂；困惑 in confusion 處于混亂狀態(tài)(＝in a mess)；困惑地 ①(教材原句)It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students. 把這個(gè)再解釋一遍很重要，否則我們就會(huì)使學(xué)生感到迷惑。 ②Confused (confuse)，I glanced toward my stonefaced teacher. 我看了一眼板著臉的老師，內(nèi)心充滿了困惑。 ③I was getting confused (confuse) by such a confusing (confuse) problem. 我被這么困惑的問題搞得不知所措。 regret vt.惋惜；后悔；遺憾n.遺憾；抱歉；懊悔 (1)regret doing/having done sth.后悔做了某事 regret to do sth.遺憾將要做某事 regret to say/tell/inform...that...遺憾地說(告知)…… regret＋that 從句 遺憾…… (2)with great/deep regret 很遺憾 to one’s regret 讓某人感到遺憾的是 have no regrets 沒有遺憾 (3)regrettable adj.令人遺憾的，令人懊悔的 ①(教材原句)His father says that he has never regretted sending his son to study abroad. 他的父親說他從不后悔送他兒子到國外學(xué)習(xí)。 ②I have always regretted not_having_studied (not study) hard at school. 我一直后悔在校期間沒有努力學(xué)習(xí)。 ③I regretted (regret) to tell him that he had been dismissed.To my surprise，he said to me，“I have no regrets (regret)．I only regret having_taken (take) the wrong job.” 我遺憾地告訴他他被解雇了。使我驚奇的是，他對(duì)我說：“我沒有什么遺憾。我唯一后悔的是選錯(cuò)了工作。” focus vt.集中注意力；聚焦n.焦點(diǎn)，關(guān)注點(diǎn)，中心點(diǎn) (1)focus on...集中于…… focus one’s mind/attention/eyes/energy on....集中注意力/目光/精力于…… focus/fix/concentrate one’s attention on sth./doing sth.把注意力集中到某事/做某事 pay attention to 集中注意力于…… (2)be focused on/upon sth.＝be fixed on集中于…… (3)bring/throw sth.into focus 使某事物成為焦點(diǎn)(受到關(guān)注) the focus of attention 注意力的焦點(diǎn) ①(教材原句)They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. 他們主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。 ②(2016北京卷)Anxious all the time，I was unable to keep focused (focus) for more than an hour at a time. 由于一直焦慮，所以我不能夠一次集中精力超過一個(gè)多小時(shí)。 ③Global warming is the focus of the meeting to be held tomorrow.Experts from different countries will focus on a possible solution to this problem.In fact many scientists are_focusing (focus) their attention on/upon this research. 全球變暖是明天要舉行的會(huì)議的焦點(diǎn)。來自于不同國家的專家們將集中找到一個(gè)可能的辦法來解決這一問題。事實(shí)上很多科學(xué)家們正集中精力進(jìn)行這一研究。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft(技藝)and focused (focus) on digging into the characters we were going to play. 【七選五】 Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 　1　 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore. 　2　 It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there. ? 　 3 　 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best oute would be for your well-being. ? 　 4 　 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a ＂victim mentality＂. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated. ?You didn’t lose ＂everything＂.Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 　 5 　 Instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness. A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. 【語篇解讀】文章主要講述了人們一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。 1.B 【解析】根據(jù)上句＂信任是我們從過去的經(jīng)歷中獲取的一種行為＂和下句＂信任是一種冒險(xiǎn)＂可知，此空填B，本句是對(duì)第一句話的進(jìn)一步解釋：＂信任是信賴某人＂。 2.E 【解析】上句＂有時(shí)，人們簡直無法再信任(別人)了＂；下句＂這是可以理解的＂，由此可推測(cè)本句應(yīng)是解釋人們無法信任某人的原因。故填E。 3.A 【解析】由下句＂對(duì)自己有信心能幫助你做出更好的選擇＂可知，前一句應(yīng)是＂學(xué)會(huì)真正信任自己＂，故填A(yù)。 4.C 【解析】由本段最后一句＂在我們生活中的某些時(shí)候，我們的信任會(huì)被檢驗(yàn)或打破＂可知，此處應(yīng)填C，意為＂不要認(rèn)為自己是個(gè)受害者＂。 5.G 【解析】副詞＂Instead＂表示轉(zhuǎn)折?？赏茰y(cè)這里應(yīng)是＂看到事物積極的一面并不意味著你無視已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事＂。故填G。 be satisfied with 對(duì)……表示滿足或滿意 (1)對(duì)……滿意 (2)be satisfied to do...對(duì)做……感到滿意 (3)(much) to one’s satisfaction＝to the satisfaction of sb.使某人滿意的是 (4)satisfy one’s needs＝satisfy the needs of sb.滿足某人的需求 (5)satisfied adj.滿意的 ①(教材原句)Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life. 袁隆平很滿意自己的生活。 ②From his satisfied (satisfy) look I know he is_satisfied (satisfy) to work here. 從他滿意的神情可以看出，他很滿意在這里工作。 ③Much to my satisfaction (satisfy)，my boss agreed to my suggestion. 使我非常滿意的是老板同意了我的建議。 build up 逐漸增強(qiáng)；建立；開發(fā) build sb./oneself up 增強(qiáng)體質(zhì) build up one’s health/body 增進(jìn)健康 build up a fame 建立名聲 build on 在……基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展；增(擴(kuò))建 ①(教材原句)These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time. 隨著時(shí)間的推移，食物中的這些化學(xué)成分會(huì)在人體中堆積。 ②Try and build up his confidence a bit. 試試讓他增加對(duì)自己的信心。 ③We hope to build on what we learned last year. 我們希望能在去年所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。 ④(2015四川卷)More expressways will_be_built (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. 為促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，四川將建造更多的高速公路。 lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成(后果)；通向 (1)lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事 lead sb.to/into...帶(領(lǐng))某人到(某處)；使某人得出(結(jié)論) lead sb.in sth./doing sth.帶領(lǐng)某人做某事 lead the way 帶頭；先行 (2)in the lead 處于領(lǐng)先地位 take the lead 帶頭，領(lǐng)先 ①(教材原句)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. 很多這類化學(xué)物質(zhì)會(huì)引起癌癥或其他疾病。 ②What led you to this conclusion? 你是如何得出這個(gè)結(jié)論的？ ③The discovery of the new evidence eventually led to the official’s being_arrested/arrest (arrest)． 新的證據(jù)的發(fā)現(xiàn)最終導(dǎo)致這名官員被捕。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Zhou Yan is the Senior Three student.Last week，he goes to see a doctor because of his arms and fingers hurt.The doctor told him the fact that had a “mobile phone disease”．Zhou sent messages for his friends with his mobile phone all the time，even in bed.Zhou started to do badly in all the exam because he spent so many time on his mobile phone.He didnt stop use the mobile phone until his arms hurt.Yang Ling，which is an expert from a health center，said students should try to use their mobile phones less，especial at school. 【答案】　 Zhou Yan is Senior Three student.Last week，he to see a doctor because his arms and fingers hurt.The doctor told him the fact that had a “mobile phone disease”．Zhou sent messages his friends with his mobile phone all the time，even in bed.Zhou started to do badly in all the because he spent so time on his mobile phone.He didnt stop the mobile phone until his arms hurt.Yang Ling， is an expert from a health center，said students should try to use their mobile phones less， at school. 第一處：the→a?？疾楣谠~。student是可數(shù)名詞，且第一次在語境中出現(xiàn)，表泛指，故用不定冠詞修飾。 第二處：goes→went?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與語境Last week呼應(yīng)，事情發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時(shí)。 第三處：刪除of。his arms and fingers hurt是個(gè)句子，故of多余。 第四處：had前加he?？疾榇~。that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語從句，而非定語從句，在從句中不作句子成分，對(duì)fact的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，由此可知，從句中缺少了主語，且由上文的him可知，應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格形式he。 第五處：for→to。考查介詞。固定搭配send sth.to sb.意為“給某人送某物”，符合語境，故用介詞to。 第六處：exam→exams?？疾槊~復(fù)數(shù)。exam是可數(shù)名詞，且被all修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第七處：many→much。time在此處用作不可數(shù)名詞，故用much修飾。 第八處：use→using?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。固定搭配stop doing sth.意為“停止做某事”，符合語境，故用動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 第九處：which→who?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞Yang Ling，指人，故用who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語。 第十處：especial→especially?？疾楦痹~。應(yīng)用副詞especially修飾介詞短語at school。 If_so，what did you do to grow them? 如果這樣的話，你做了些什么來種植這些植物？ if so“如果這樣的話”，是if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的省略形式，表示肯定意義；如果表示否定意義，則用if not。 if ever 如果有過/發(fā)生過的話 if any 如果有的話 if possible 如果有可能 if necessary 如果有必要 ①(2014福建卷改編)The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，if ever，reaching 30℃ in summer. 這里的氣候非常宜人，溫度極少會(huì)到達(dá)30攝氏度。 ②If_possible，you should try it once more. 如果可能的話，你應(yīng)該再試一次。 ③If_necessary，I’ll go there myself. 如果必要的話，我將親自去那兒一趟。 ④I think there’s a train at midday.If_not，you’ll have to wait till 12：30. 我想正午會(huì)有一班班車。要是沒有，你只好等到12點(diǎn)半了。 【閱讀理解】 After the earthquake had stopped, when the rescuers reached the ruins of a young womans house, they saw her dead body through the cracks. But her pose was somehow strange that she knelt on her knees like a person was worshipping(禮拜); her body was leaning forward, and her two hands were supported by an object. The collapsed house had crashed her back and her head. With so many difficulties, the leader of the rescue team put his hand through a narrow gap on the wall to reach the womans body. He was hoping that this woman could be still alive. However, the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure. He and the rest of the team left this house and were going to search the next collapsed building. For some reasons, the team leader was driven by a pelling force to go back to the ruined house of the dead woman. Again, he knelt down and used his hand through the narrow cracks to search the little space under the dead body. Suddenly, he screamed with excitement，“A child! There is a child！” The whole team worked together; carefully they removed the piles of ruined objects around the dead woman. There was a 3monthold little boy wrapped in a flowery blanket under his mothers dead body. Obviously, the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son. When her house was falling, she used her body to make a cover to protect her son. The little boy was still sleeping peacefully when the team leader picked him up. The medical doctor came quickly to examine the little boy. After he opened the blanket, he saw a cell phone.There was a text message on the screen. It said, “If you can survive, you must remember that I love you.” This cell phone was passed around from one hand to another. Everybody that read the message wept. “If you can survive, you must remember that I love you.” Such is the mothers love for her child! 【文章大意】　本文是一篇記敘文。地震中一位年輕的媽媽為了保護(hù)年幼的兒子，用自己的身體彎出的弧度給了兒子一片安全的地帶，并在手機(jī)上留言，表達(dá)自己對(duì)兒子深深的愛。 1. Why did the leader of the rescue team decide to leave the house? A．He didnt notice the woman. B．He left to ask for help. C．He knew she was dead. D．The gap was too narrow for his hand to get through. 答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 【關(guān)鍵句】However，the cold and stiff body told him that she had passed away for sure.(第二段最后一句) 譯文：然而，冰冷僵硬的身體告訴他她確實(shí)已經(jīng)死了。 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，救援隊(duì)的隊(duì)長確定這個(gè)女人已經(jīng)死去后決定帶隊(duì)離開。故選C。 2. The reason why the woman died in such a strange pose was that ________. A．her hands were supported by an object B．the earthquake happened when she was worshipping C．her knees were severely injured D．she tried to protect her baby with her own body 答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。 【關(guān)鍵句】Obviously, the woman had made a sacrifice for saving her son.When her house was falling，she used her body to make a cover to protect her son.(第四段第三、四句) 譯文：顯然，這個(gè)女人為了救她的兒子做出了犧牲。當(dāng)她的房子塌下來時(shí)，她用自己的身體作掩護(hù)來保護(hù)她的兒子。 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句可知，那個(gè)女人用身體彎出弧度來保護(hù)自己的兒子，所以死時(shí)姿勢(shì)奇特。故選D。 3. What can be the best title for the passage? A．A strange pose in the ruins B．A rescue teams struggle C．A mothers love in the ruins D．A heartbreaking scene 答案與解析：C考查標(biāo)題概括。文章主要講述地震中一位母親為了保護(hù)年幼的兒子，用身體彎出弧度給了兒子一片安全的地帶，并在手機(jī)上留言，表達(dá)了對(duì)兒子深深的母愛。因此C項(xiàng)“廢墟中的母愛”能概括全文內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選C。 亮點(diǎn)句積累：The little boy was still sleeping peacefully when the team leader picked him up.(倒數(shù)第二段最后一句) 譯文：當(dāng)隊(duì)長把小男孩抱起來時(shí)，他仍在安穩(wěn)地睡著。