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第2課時高瞻遠矚 鎖定主旨大意類題目 怎么考主旨大意類題目主要考查全文的主旨大意 段落的中心思想 作者的寫作目的和文章標題 常見的設(shè)問方式有 1 Themainidea keypointofthispassageisthat 2 Thepassageismainlyabout 3 Thebesttitle headlineforthispassageis 4 Thetopic subjectdiscussedinthispassageis 5 Fromthepassagewecanlearn concludethat 6 Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith 7 Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage 8 Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage 怎么學在平時的閱讀練習中 注意文章的體裁 把握作者的寫作目的與思路 學會抓主題句 主題段 關(guān)注文章的首段 尾段 每段的首句和尾句等 另外 掌握略讀與細讀的基本技巧 學會積累 尋找關(guān)鍵詞像themostimportant finally等 像概括類詞therefore inaword等 怎么解做此類題目時做到 1 高瞻遠矚 不可以偏概全 不可以個人的思想代替作者的思想 2 在了解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上 仔細考慮選項內(nèi)容與文章主題有沒有聯(lián)系 3 看選項內(nèi)容對文章概括得是否正確 4 要注意選項中所給出的題目范圍是否過大或過小 要避免以下三種錯誤 概括不夠 過度概括 以事實細節(jié)替代概括性強的大意 5 找主題句的四個小竅門 1 段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語 如however but infact actually while onthecontrary incontrast等 時 其后的句子很可能是主題句 2 首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時 對該問題的回答很可能就是主題句 3 作者有意識地反復強調(diào)的觀點 通常是主旨 反復出現(xiàn)的詞語 一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞 4 表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的詞或短語有therefore thus inshort conclude inconclusion等 典例剖析1 體裁 議論文話題 睡眠詞數(shù) 248時間 7 2016 四川卷 D Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight ssleep Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff ifitismilkedfromacowatnight Researchershavediscoveredthat nightmilk containsmoremelatonin 褪黑激素 whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety Thestudy byresearchersfromSeoul SouthKorea involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight Thosegivennightmilk whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent whichhelpspeopletorelax Milkisalsosugar freeandadditive freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight 語篇解讀 這是一篇科普文章 好多人有晚上睡覺前喝一杯熱牛奶的習慣 認為有助于睡眠 但是現(xiàn)在 一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)如果是夜間擠的奶 它確實幫助人們睡眠 1 Accordingtothetext themicefedwithdaytimemilk A startedsleepmoreeasilyB weremoreanxiousC werelessactiveD wokeuplater答案B 細節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)文章第四段 Thosegivennightmilk whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime 可知喝白天擠的牛奶的老鼠比喝夜間擠的牛奶的老鼠更容易焦躁 2 Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext A It sbeentestedonmicefortentimes B Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic C Itexistsinmilkingreatamount D It susedinsleepingdrugs 答案D 是非判斷題 根據(jù)第六段中的 takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight 可知 褪黑激素已經(jīng)制成藥物供那些難以入睡的人服用 3 Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext A NightMilkandSleepB FatSugarandHealthC AnExperimentonMiceD MilkDrinkingandHealth答案A 主旨大意題 文章主要說明了喝夜間擠的牛奶與睡眠之間的關(guān)系 所以選項A是文章的最佳標題 4 Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext A Bygivingexamples B Bystatingarguments C Byexplainingstatisticaldata D Byprovidingresearchresults 答案D 篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題 詳讀全文 可以看出作者是通過提供研究成果來支持文章主題的 故選D項 典例剖析2 體裁 議論文話題 消息傳播詞數(shù) 347時間 8 2016 全國卷 D Badnewssells Ifitbleeds itleads Nonewsisgoodnews andgoodnewsisnonews Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers Butnowthatinformationisbeingspreadandmonitored 監(jiān)控 indifferentways researchersarediscoveringnewrules Bytrackingpeople se mailsandonlineposts scientistshavefoundthatgoodnewscanspreadfasterandfartherthandisastersandsobstories The ifitbleeds ruleworksformassmedia saysJonahBerger ascholarattheUniversityofPennsylvania Theywantyoureyeballsanddon tcarehowyou refeeling Butwhenyoushareastorywithyourfriends youcarealotmorehowtheyreact Youdon twantthemtothinkofyouasaDebbieDowner Researchersanalyzingword of mouthcommunication e mails Webpostsandreviews face to faceconversations foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative 消極的 butthatdidn tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews Waspositivenewssharedmoreoftensimplybecausepeopleexperiencedmoregoodthingsthanbadthings Totestforthatpossibility Dr Bergerlookedathowpeoplespreadaparticularsetofnewsstories thousandsofarticlesonTheNewYorkTimes website HeandaPenncolleagueanalyzedthe moste mailed listforsixmonths Oneofhisfirstfindswasthatarticlesinthesciencesectionweremuchmorelikelytomakethelistthannon sciencearticles HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers Readersalsotendedtosharearticlesthatwereexcitingorfunny orthatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety butnotarticlesthatleftthemmerelysad Theyneededtobearoused 激發(fā) onewayortheother andtheypreferredgoodnewstobad Themorepositiveanarticle themorelikelyitwastobeshared asDr Bergerexplainsinhisnewbook Contagious WhyThingsCatchOn 語篇解讀 本文是一篇議論文 研究表明好消息要比壞消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播的更快 更廣 5 Whatdotheclassicrulesmentionedinthetextapplyto A Newsreports B Researchpapers C Privatee mails D Dailyconversations 答案A 細節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)首段中的Thosearetheclassicrulesfortheeveningbroadcastsandthemorningpapers 可知 這些規(guī)則適用于新聞報道 故選A 6 WhatcanweinferaboutpeoplelikeDebbieDowner A They resociallyinactive B They regoodattellingstories C They reinconsiderateofothers D They recarefulwiththeirwords 答案C 細節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知 像DebbieDowner那樣的人是不替別人著想的 故選C 7 Whichtendedtobethemoste mailedaccordingtoDr Berger sresearch A Sportsnews B Sciencearticles C Personalaccounts D Financialreviews 答案B 細節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第三段最后兩句可知 人們更愿意發(fā)送一些科學類的文章 故選B 8 Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext A SadStoriesTravelFarWide B OnlineNewsAttractsMorePeople C ReadingHabitsChangewiththeTimes D GoodNewsBeatsBadonSocialNetworks 答案D 文章標題題 文章主要表明了通過研究證明了好消息要比壞消息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳播的更快 更廣 故選D