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被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 一 英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài) WespeakEnglish 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) Englishisspokenbyus 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓變主 主變賓 前加by動(dòng)變被 看清be 結(jié)構(gòu)分別be pp 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 主變被解題步驟 1 找賓語(yǔ) 即動(dòng)作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes 2 判斷賓語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù) 即be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù) arewere 3 判斷動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 即be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 4 修改謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài) 即原句動(dòng)詞改為過(guò)去分詞 made 5 修改原句的主語(yǔ) 即by 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) bythem Tombrokethewindow ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom Tombrokethewindows ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom Hebrokethewindows Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) am is aredone一般過(guò)去時(shí) was weredone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) am is arebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) was werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) have hasbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí) hadbeendone一般將來(lái)時(shí) shall willbedone begoingtobedone當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí) 句子結(jié)構(gòu)為can must haveto bedone 1 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory 主語(yǔ) 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ) Shoesaremade bythem inthatfactory 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) S 主語(yǔ) am is are 過(guò)去分詞 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday WecallthesnowmanMrStrong ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般過(guò)去時(shí) S was were 過(guò)去分詞 Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday 4 AbycantakegoodcareofTina TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 S can may must should be 過(guò)去分詞 Hecancarrythebasketeasily Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem Wemustputtheminthefridge Thedogsthought Theymustbeputinthefridge Thedogsthought 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般將來(lái)時(shí) S will be 過(guò)去分詞 Theyaregoingtohaveaneveningpartytomorrow Aneveningpartyisgoingtobehadtomorrow Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) S am is are being 過(guò)去分詞 Theyareholdingasportsmeetingnow Asportsmeetingisbeingheld bythem now Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) S have has been 過(guò)去分詞 Workershavebuiltthehousesincetwoyearsago Thehousehasbeenbuiltsincetwoyearsago Wehadreceivedmanylettersbytheendoflastweek Manylettershadbeenreceivedbytheendoflastweek Theywouldhaveapartythenextday Apartywouldbehad bythem thenextday 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 七嘴八舌 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 3 Wefoundtheticketonthefloor 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps weweregiven were giventous 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 12 Hecanmendthebikeintwodays Thebike intwodays 13 Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday Thismedicine threetimesaday canbemended mustbe taken 14 ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman German bythestudentsinthisschool 15 Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about isstudied Is talked bythem Answerrightorwrong 1 必須照看好孩子們 Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof 2 這本書(shū)是魯迅寫(xiě)的 ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun 3 昨天那支筆是他給我的 Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday W R W R W R 4 這輛自行車(chē)能修嗎 Canthisbikemended Canthisbikebemended 5 街道已由他們清理了 Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem W R W R 必背 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) takecareof betakencareof cutdown becutdown laughat belaughedat lookafter belookedafter Theymadeshoesinthatfactory Theywillmakeshoesinthatfactory Theywouldmakeshoesinthatfactory Theycanmakeshoesinthatfactory Theyhavemadeshoesinthatfactory Theyhadmadeshoesinthatfactory Theyaremakingshoesinthatfactory Theyweremakingshoesinthatfactory 四 幾種值得注意的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變化 帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu) makesb dosth sb bemadetodosth MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome watchlethavehearseenotice 2 seesb doingsth sb beseendoingsth Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment hear watch Weoftenhearthemsingthissong Theyareoftenheardtosingthissong byus Thissongisoftenheard byus tobesung bythem BobsentKatealetterlastyear KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear tellaskbringwritegiveteachpasslend to HetoldJimastory Mummademeanewdress IwasmadeanewdressbyMum AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum makebuydraw for Iboughtmybrotherabook 注意 約翰打開(kāi)了收音機(jī) Johnturnedontheradio Theradiowasturnedon 奶奶照看我姐姐 Grandmatakescareofmysister MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma 注 千萬(wàn)不要遺漏介詞或副詞 Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon 類(lèi)似的還有 Itisreported believed hoped supposedthat Wereport 1 不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 如 belong happen takeplace last cometrue remain succeed fall die arrive 等 Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity Thatbikedoesn tbelongtoMike 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況 2 表示靜態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) have fit IhaveaTVset Thecoatfitsmewell 3 祈使句一般沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 正 Lookattheblackboard please 誤 Theblackboardislookedatbyyou 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況 4 系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 這魚(yú)味道很好 這條圍巾摸上去很軟 Thefishtastesgood Thescarffeelssoft 5 反身代詞在句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 例如 正 Youmustlookafteryourself 誤 Yourselfmustbelookedafter 4 某些動(dòng)詞形式是主動(dòng) 但含有被動(dòng)的意思 這書(shū)很好賣(mài) 這種布很好洗 Thebooksellswell Thiskindofclothwashesverywell 這書(shū)賣(mài)完了 Thebookissoldout 這塊表需要修理一下 Thewatchneedsmending Thewatchneedstobemended Weneedtomendthewatch want Didhefinishtheworkyesterday Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl Didthegirltakeawaythebooks WasthewindowbrokenbyTom Tom thewindow Didbreak Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about Is talked bythem Doesn tBobcleanthestreeteveryday thestreet byBobeveryday Isn tcleaned Hetoldustogettoschoolearly Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight Didyougototheparty No I invite wasn tinvited Thebridge inthreeweeks finish Youcangooutifyourhomework do willbefinished isdone Thisisoneofthethingsthat see thatday wereseen WhenwasPRC found wasseen Thisistheonlyoneofthethingsthat see thatday founded Youshouldgetyourshoes wash washed