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報告編號： 科 技 查 新 報 告 項目名稱：網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共情緒的識別、預(yù)警與疏導(dǎo)研究 委 托 人：南昌大學(xué) 委托日期：2015年6月4日 查新機構(gòu)（蓋章）：江西省科學(xué)技術(shù)情報研究所 查新完成日期：2015年6月10日 中 華 人 民 共 和 國 科 學(xué) 技 術(shù) 部 二○○○年制 查新項目 中文：網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共情緒的識別、預(yù)警與疏導(dǎo)研究 名 稱 英文：Research on the identification, early warning and guidance of network public sentiment 名 稱 江西省科學(xué)技術(shù)情報研究所 通信地址 南昌航空大學(xué)海軍樓 郵政編碼 330063 查新機構(gòu) 負(fù) 責(zé) 人 羅軍 電 話 18970846049 傳 真 聯(lián) 系 人 電 話 電子信箱 1079537449@qq.com 一、查新目的 立項查新 2、 查新項目的科學(xué)技術(shù)要點 通過理論分析和實驗分析，探討并研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共情緒的識別、預(yù)警與疏導(dǎo) 1. 重點研究公民在社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)時的情緒以及產(chǎn)生的人際間的摩擦； 2. 研究公民網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共情緒的產(chǎn)生，識別，以及給人們帶來的預(yù)警意識，疏導(dǎo)緩解他們因此生成的情緒。 三、查新點與查新要求 查新點： 查詢其主要研究內(nèi)容和研究目標(biāo) 1、開發(fā)建立在新時代信息化的背景下的全球信息采集處理； 2、采用先進的技術(shù)進行監(jiān)督公民的社交不良輿論，以及重點分析為什么會發(fā)生，為什么要加強識別，并收益于公民； 3.本項目為網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共情緒分析提供簡便、快速、實用的系列方法。 查新要求：要求檢索國內(nèi)有無與該研究相同的文獻報道。 四、文獻檢索范圍及檢索策略 國內(nèi)部分： 中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫 1989—2015.06 中國科技經(jīng)濟新聞數(shù)據(jù)庫 1992—2015.06 中國學(xué)位論文文摘數(shù)據(jù)庫（萬方） 1984—2015.06 中國學(xué)術(shù)會議論文文摘數(shù)據(jù)庫 1984—2015.06 中國科技成果數(shù)據(jù)庫 1983—2015.06 數(shù)字化期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫 1983—2015.06 中國期刊網(wǎng)全文數(shù)據(jù)庫（中國知網(wǎng)） 1994—2015.06 中國科技論文在線 2003—2015.06 中國學(xué)術(shù)會議在線 2005—2015.06 中國科學(xué)文獻數(shù)據(jù)庫 1985—2015.06 國家科技成果網(wǎng) 1978—2015.06 中國專利數(shù)據(jù)庫 1985—2015.06 國外部分： Google scholar 2000— Nature 2000— 檢索策略： 網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共情緒*識別*預(yù)警*疏導(dǎo) 5、 檢索結(jié)果 1.《大連網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體輿情疏導(dǎo)研究》 【作者】韓春陽 【摘要】隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體的加速發(fā)展,網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體中的公共輿論迅速出現(xiàn)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)等新興媒體的研究無國界,但其公共輿論是有地域和文化特征的,同時由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播的即時性、交互性等特點,網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情也變得難以把握。大連地區(qū)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體在已經(jīng)成為大連地區(qū)的主流大眾媒介和輿論生成空間。因此,建構(gòu)健康的網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體文化及輿論空間,在當(dāng)下越來越需要網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論空間的健康和網(wǎng)民的自主理性行為,越來越需要更完善的輿情疏導(dǎo)和調(diào)控。如何引導(dǎo)和保持正確的輿論導(dǎo)向,減少輿論的負(fù)面作用,促進大連地區(qū)網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論的健康發(fā)展成為本文所要探討的問題。 【關(guān)鍵詞】網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體； 輿情； 輿情疏導(dǎo)； 大連； 【論文來源】G206 2.《思想政治教育視角下高校突發(fā)性群體事件研究》 【作者】吳頔 【摘要】近年來,頻發(fā)于高校的突發(fā)性群體事件,給大學(xué)校園的穩(wěn)定及和諧社會建構(gòu)帶來了較大沖擊。高校穩(wěn)定對維護國家穩(wěn)定、實現(xiàn)社會和諧有著重要的現(xiàn)實意義,高校和諧是社會和諧的重要基礎(chǔ)。因此,研究高校突發(fā)性群體事件的成因,探索應(yīng)對高校突發(fā)性群體事件的路徑、方法與策略,為構(gòu)建和諧校園提供政策建議,具有重要的理論價值與現(xiàn)實意義。高校突發(fā)性事件是指高校受國際形勢、國內(nèi)局勢或高校自身等的因素影響,涉及到在校師生的切身利益,各種突如其來的、意外發(fā)生的、緊急的,并造成嚴(yán)重后果或重大影響的突發(fā)性群體行為事件。 【關(guān)鍵詞】突發(fā)性群體事件； 思想政治教育； 集體行為； 治理； 高校； 【論文來源】G641;D631.43 3.《心理疏導(dǎo)研究》 【作者】付喜鳳 【摘要】黨的十六屆六中全會通過的決議《中共中央關(guān)于構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會若干重大問題的決定》,在論述構(gòu)建和諧文化,鞏固社會和諧的思想道德基礎(chǔ)時明確提出要“加強人文關(guān)懷和心理疏導(dǎo),引導(dǎo)人們正確對待自己、他人和社會,正確對待困難、挫折和榮譽”；黨的十七大報告又明確提出,“加強和改進思想政治工作,注重人文關(guān)懷和心理疏導(dǎo),用正確方式處理人際關(guān)系”。這是“心理疏導(dǎo)”連續(xù)兩次出現(xiàn)在黨的重要會議報告當(dāng)中,標(biāo)志著我們黨對新形勢下如何進一步做好思想政治工作有了新的思考和認(rèn)識；進一步豐富了思想政治工作的內(nèi)涵,拓寬了思想政治工作的視閾；也更突出了新形勢下心理疏導(dǎo)的重要作用與地位。 【關(guān)鍵詞】心理疏導(dǎo)； 作用機制； 具體方法； 應(yīng)用步驟； 【論文來源】B849 4.《突發(fā)事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情的演化規(guī)律與政府監(jiān)控》 【作者】易臣何 【摘要】.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)是人類社會最偉大的發(fā)明之一，并深刻影響著現(xiàn)實社會?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的普及與縱深發(fā)展，使公眾在突發(fā)事件發(fā)生后通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)表達意見、情緒與態(tài)度變得更加便捷和頻繁，并使突發(fā)事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情也呈現(xiàn)常態(tài)化、擴大化和復(fù)雜化趨勢。注重對突發(fā)事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情的分析、引導(dǎo)與監(jiān)控，是當(dāng)前黨和政府一項非常重要的政治任務(wù)，具有重要現(xiàn)實意義。突發(fā)事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情是指在突發(fā)事件發(fā)生后，社會公眾以網(wǎng)絡(luò)為載體表達對事件或事件相關(guān)政治、經(jīng)濟和社會具有影響和傾向性意見、情緒與態(tài)度的總和。具有發(fā)生即時性、主體隱匿性、交流互動性、內(nèi)容豐富性和群體極化性等特征。 【關(guān)鍵詞】突發(fā)事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情； 演化規(guī)律； 政府監(jiān)控； 【論文來源】G206 5.《網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情：影響因素及其作用機制研究》 【作者】林敏 【摘要】自20世紀(jì)90年代中國接入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以來,網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息傳遞與輿情表達就一直與之如影隨形。近年來,隨著各種網(wǎng)絡(luò)新業(yè)務(wù)的普及和公民參與意識的加強,網(wǎng)民言論之活躍和網(wǎng)絡(luò)情緒之亢奮已達到前所未有的程度,網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情已然成為各種社會現(xiàn)象和問題的晴雨表和放大器。但是,對于一些基礎(chǔ)性的問題,如網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展究竟是受到何種因素或條件的影響,這些因素或條件相互之間又有何種邏輯關(guān)系以及這些因素的作用機制對于網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情行為能否具有普遍的指導(dǎo)性意義,現(xiàn)有的研究尚很難對此給出一個較為全面清晰的回答。本研究從中國現(xiàn)實社會環(huán)境和網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情實際狀況出發(fā),綜合運用傳播學(xué)實證與反思,宏觀與微觀,定量與定性結(jié)合的基本研究思維,以解釋社會集群行為發(fā)生條件的加值理論作為貫穿全文的基本理論基礎(chǔ),對網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒介環(huán)境、社會結(jié)構(gòu)壓力、網(wǎng)民心理、觸發(fā)事件、有效動員、社會控制等六大影響要素進行深入探究,全面揭示網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情生發(fā)過程中的多層次因素及其內(nèi)在的演化機理和規(guī)律。 【關(guān)鍵詞】網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情； 中國語境； 媒介環(huán)境； 影響因素； 作用機制； 【論文來源】G206 6.《公共情緒調(diào)控與武警部隊處置群體性事件應(yīng)用研究》 【作者】尚美杰 【摘要】近年來，隨著我國經(jīng)濟體制改革和利益格局的調(diào)整，一些深層次的社會矛盾也日益凸顯出來，突出表現(xiàn)就是群體性事件呈現(xiàn)出多發(fā)、易發(fā)的態(tài)勢。有數(shù)據(jù)顯示，群體性事件已由1994年每年1萬余起，70余萬人，增加到2008年10萬余起，460余萬人。2010年之后，群體性事件數(shù)量、人員增速有所放緩，但總量、規(guī)模、危害及影響不容忽視，并且在今后一定時間內(nèi)，群體性事件仍將是影響我國社會穩(wěn)定的最大因素。群體性事件是人民內(nèi)部矛盾凸顯期一些不協(xié)調(diào)因素的綜合表現(xiàn)，是社會轉(zhuǎn)型期多重矛盾和問題的集中反映，是社會深刻變革進程中難以完全避免的階段性特殊現(xiàn)象。事件中的公共情緒，主要是指圍繞某些公共事務(wù)，如環(huán)境污染、土地征用、交通事故、刑事案件、意外死亡、勞資糾紛、企業(yè)改制、違法行政、司法不公等所表現(xiàn)出的態(tài)度和感受，相同或相似的情緒一旦積累到一定數(shù)量，若不積極、及時、正確引導(dǎo)，就會形成負(fù)面公共情緒，從而影響人們的行為取向，促使事態(tài)不斷擴大，甚至發(fā)展成為破壞公私財物、危害人民群眾生命安全的暴力事件。 【關(guān)鍵詞】武警部隊； 群體性事件； 公共情緒； 調(diào)控； 【論文來源】E277;D631.43 7.《高校大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情的監(jiān)管與疏導(dǎo)研究》 【作者】呂娟 【摘要】伴隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化的日益繁榮，Web2.0的網(wǎng)絡(luò)大環(huán)境下，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)成為社會輿情的放大鏡。網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體的發(fā)展和終端設(shè)備的普及，使得在線交流早已成為人們生活中極其重要的溝通方式。其中，高校大學(xué)生群體使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)進行思想交流的比重較大，在迅速、高效的碰撞和交流中，網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情往往能比較真實地體現(xiàn)大學(xué)生群體的價值觀以及他們的情緒、態(tài)度，也正因如此，網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情可能往任何一個方向發(fā)展，難以監(jiān)管控制。因此，及時關(guān)注高校大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情，準(zhǔn)確把握高校大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情動態(tài)，引導(dǎo)大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情方向，對新時期加強和改進大學(xué)生思想政治教育、維護高校的和諧穩(wěn)定具有重要意義。 【關(guān)鍵詞】大學(xué)生； 網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情； 監(jiān)管； 疏導(dǎo)； 【論文來源】G641 8. 《中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義思潮的功能與影響研究》 【作者】卜建華 【摘要】當(dāng)前國內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義思潮自從誕生以來,不同的學(xué)者有不同的爭論,但我們不能簡單地將當(dāng)前國內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義思潮與狹隘的民族主義相提并論。應(yīng)該充分認(rèn)識當(dāng)前國內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義思潮的愛國主義性質(zhì),其本質(zhì)與主流是愛國的,是中國新民族主義在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的延伸,它反映了中國民眾對國家和民族的熱愛與責(zé)任感。當(dāng)代青年大學(xué)生是當(dāng)前國內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義思潮的主要參與者,他們雖然充滿愛國激情、思想開放活躍,但因其思想的不成熟性又缺乏對社會現(xiàn)實的充分認(rèn)知,他們的思想和言論往往會帶有一些非理性的因素,不能因此否定當(dāng)前國內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義思潮的本質(zhì)與主流。當(dāng)前中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義存在的種種問題是與當(dāng)前中國社會所處的歷史發(fā)展階段相吻合的。當(dāng)前國內(nèi)網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義將隨著時代的進步,不斷的實現(xiàn)自身的發(fā)展、揚棄和成熟,不可能一蹴而就。 【關(guān)鍵詞】網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義； “憤青”； 極端網(wǎng)絡(luò)民族主義； 功能； 影響； 【論文來源】D091.5;C912.67;F49;C95 9.《政府應(yīng)急管理中網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論受眾逆反心理預(yù)警機制研究》 【作者】李偉權(quán) 【摘要】突發(fā)性事件狀態(tài)下網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論傳播的受眾逆反心理有多種表現(xiàn),其原因也是多樣的,對其進行合理地預(yù)警十分必要。心理預(yù)警模型是逆反心理預(yù)警的基礎(chǔ),本文從傳播者、傳播內(nèi)容、形式和情境四個方面構(gòu)建逆反心理指標(biāo),形成政府應(yīng)急管理過程中網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論的公眾逆反心理預(yù)警的評估模式,從而建立起"常態(tài)性預(yù)防""動態(tài)性預(yù)警""發(fā)展性干預(yù)"的"三位一體"整合型逆反心理干預(yù)機制。更多還原 【關(guān)鍵詞】應(yīng)急管理； 突發(fā)事件； 網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論； 逆反心理； 預(yù)警機制； 【論文來源】D630;G206 10.《互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代我國意識形態(tài)面臨的機遇與挑戰(zhàn)研究》 【作者】高建華 【摘要】互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時代正處于飛速發(fā)展的過程中。我國的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)從發(fā)展到普及僅僅用了十多年的時間，但是它給社會帶來的變化卻是翻天覆地的。網(wǎng)絡(luò)滲透在社會生活的各個方面，并作為一種社會變革的力量，深刻地改變了社會的生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式與思維方式?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)推動著政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、社會各個方面的發(fā)展，改變了傳統(tǒng)社會主義意識形態(tài)建設(shè)的社會環(huán)境，搭建起主流意識形態(tài)建設(shè)的新平臺?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)時代的發(fā)展，國際國內(nèi)形勢深刻變革，使得意識形態(tài)領(lǐng)域的斗爭與交鋒呈現(xiàn)出新的特點。 【關(guān)鍵詞】互聯(lián)網(wǎng)； 社會主義意識形態(tài)； 機遇； 挑戰(zhàn)； 策略； 【論文來源】D61 11《網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會治理研究綜述》 【作者】謝耘耕； 劉銳； 劉怡； 高云微； 鄭廣嘉； 李明哲； 【摘要】在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)迅速發(fā)展的環(huán)境中,網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會治理已經(jīng)成為世界各國政府面臨的新問題和新挑戰(zhàn)。目前加強網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會管理、提高公共管理水平已經(jīng)成為我國各級政府的共識。網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會治理這一議題也被學(xué)界所重視,近年來取得了一定的研究成果。本文從網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會治理的概念、治理模式、實踐應(yīng)用等視角出發(fā)梳理國內(nèi)外相關(guān)文獻,并對其進行評述。 【關(guān)鍵詞】 網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會； 治理； 評價； 【論文來源】D630;G206 【文內(nèi)圖片】 12.《網(wǎng)絡(luò)群體事件誘發(fā)機制與應(yīng)對策略研究》 【作者】金研 【摘要】自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)出現(xiàn)以來，它就以海量的信息、公開的共享、即時的互動、快速的傳播等優(yōu)勢成為大眾最為歡迎的傳播媒介。同時，伴隨著我國網(wǎng)民民主參與意識的提高和網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會的繁榮，網(wǎng)民已將互聯(lián)網(wǎng)作為一種利益訴求的渠道，在這種背景下網(wǎng)民的集體網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動，制造了一系列網(wǎng)絡(luò)群體事件?？梢灶A(yù)見，在信息技術(shù)不斷革新與電腦使用率穩(wěn)步提高的背景下，網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬空間與現(xiàn)實世界將會進一步融合，網(wǎng)民的集體網(wǎng)絡(luò)行動也會愈演愈烈。 【關(guān)鍵詞】網(wǎng)絡(luò)群體事件； 誘發(fā)機制； 應(yīng)對策略； 【論文來源】D630 13.《新媒體環(huán)境下的公共輿論管理：問題與對策》 【作者】何茜 【摘要】公共輿論在人類社會生活中一直占有非常重要的地位。近年隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的普及,新媒體以它的“平民姿態(tài)”日益成為公眾日常生活中不可或缺的信息傳播渠道,其即時性、交互性、開放性、虛擬性等特點使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)公共輿論成迅猛發(fā)展之勢,形成新的空前活躍的輿論場。突然釋放的言論表達自由在促進中國社會民主化進程的同時,也滋生出危害社會穩(wěn)定的不良因素,暴露出輿論發(fā)展與管理方式的不協(xié)調(diào),極大地挑戰(zhàn)著政府公共輿論管理。當(dāng)前中國正處于社會轉(zhuǎn)型期,構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會需要和諧的輿論,如何實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo),進行公共輿論管理的研究尤為重要。 【關(guān)鍵詞】 新媒體； 公共輿論； 政府管理； 策略； 【論文來源】D63 14.《突發(fā)事件網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情的演化規(guī)律與政府監(jiān)控》 【作者】金璐 【摘要】社會在興革蟬變，網(wǎng)絡(luò)時代的來臨使人們快速的進入了交互傳播社會，人人都可以掌握媒體，人人都可以成為信息中心，網(wǎng)民既是傳者，又是受者。交互傳播因為海量信息、自由表達、相互影響、方便迅捷、無遠弗屆，而深入到政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事、文化、生活和人類思維的各個領(lǐng)域，從而大大拓展了人類精神的疆界?！熬W(wǎng)絡(luò)問政”便在這個時代下應(yīng)運而生，極大地改變了公共權(quán)力運作的社會環(huán)境。然而，由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)在信息傳播中的超便捷性、匿名性、交互性、相對自由性等特征，以及網(wǎng)民身份構(gòu)成復(fù)雜，對同一問題的看法也千差萬別，甚至理性滯后。另外，我國正處在經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)軌、社會轉(zhuǎn)型的震蕩期，大量社會問題如城鄉(xiāng)差距、官員腐敗、環(huán)境破壞得不到及時有效地解決，而網(wǎng)絡(luò)為廣大民眾宣泄不滿與焦慮的情緒提供了平臺。網(wǎng)民從一開始的各抒己見，到互相攻擊甚至是出現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴民，網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論非理性的成分十分嚴(yán)峻，極易出現(xiàn)情緒泛化、觀點極化現(xiàn)象。網(wǎng)絡(luò)群體極化事件也由先前間隙性“上演”轉(zhuǎn)呈集體性“井噴”的網(wǎng)絡(luò)態(tài)勢，使得網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情的力量網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情的力量成為業(yè)界、學(xué)界關(guān)注的焦點。洶涌澎湃的網(wǎng)絡(luò)民意以及復(fù)雜多變的網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿情正對我國政府的治理能力提出了嚴(yán)峻的考驗 【關(guān)鍵詞】網(wǎng)絡(luò)輿論； 群體極化； 網(wǎng)絡(luò)問政； 【論文來源】G206 15.《大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)情緒宣泄分析與引導(dǎo)研究》 【作者】賈銀蘭 【摘要】當(dāng)代社會是一個壓力遞增的社會,雖然物質(zhì)生活在不斷地豐富,但是人們的情緒卻在不斷地受到壓抑。尤其是青年大學(xué)生,他們在承受著學(xué)習(xí)、就業(yè)、交際、戀愛等重大壓力的同時,還承受著家庭和社會對他們的厚重期望,因而特別容易產(chǎn)生壓抑、焦慮、失望、恐懼、憤懣等不良情緒,有的可能演變成不同程度的心理疾患,以至于無法做出正確的選擇和言行,一再釀成校園悲劇。 【關(guān)鍵詞】大學(xué)生； 網(wǎng)絡(luò)； 情緒宣泄； 問題； 原因； 引導(dǎo)； 【論文來源】 G641 16. Macroscopic and microscopic changes in incinerated deciduous teeth. 作者： Karkhanis S, Ball J, Franklin D 原始語種摘要： Teeth are amongst the most resilient elements of the human skeleton and are thus often utilized in routine forensic investigation involving the identification of unknown remains. Teeth exposed to thermal stress have the potential to not only aid in identification, but also in understanding the circumstances surrounding the fire. Children are twice as likely to become victims of house fire because of an inability to safely evacuate from areas of danger. The literature demonstrates, however, that research on the effects of incineration on teeth is mostly restricted to the permanent dentition. The apparent lack of knowledge on the effects of incineration on deciduous teeth thus necessitates further research in this area. To this end, this study aimed to relate colour changes that occur post... heating with fragility to aid in proper handling of samples in a forensic scenario and to determine the possibility of identifying incineration temperature based on tooth condition. Teeth are amongst the most resilient elements of the human skeleton and are thus often utilized in routine forensic investigation involving the identification of unknown remains. Teeth exposed to thermal stress have the potential to not only aid in identification, but also in understanding the circumstances surrounding the fire. Children are twice as likely to become victims of house fire because of an inability to safely evacuate from areas of danger. The literature demonstrates, however, that research on the effects of incineration on teeth is mostly restricted to the permanent dentition. The apparent lack of knowledge on the effects of incineration on deciduous teeth thus necessitates further research in this area. To this end, this study aimed to relate colour changes that occur post heating with fragility to aid in proper handling of samples in a forensic scenario and to determine the possibility of identifying incineration temperature based on tooth condition. A total of 90 deciduous teeth, extracted as a part of routine clinical treatment, were exposed to temperatures ranging from 100C to 1100C for 30 minutes using a laboratory Gallenkamp oven. Unheated deciduous teeth were used as controls for the project. Post-incineration the teeth were analyzed under a stereomicroscope and SEM to assess the morphological changes. A colorimetric assessment was also undertaken to evaluate colour changes due to thermal stress. It was possible to identify incineration temperature based on tooth condition when the colour changes, stereomicroscopic findings and SEM images were utilized collectively. It was concluded that thermally induced changes in primary teeth occur at lower temperatures in comparison to the permanent teeth. It was also established that post-incineration deciduous teeth are fragile and show a tendency to fragment after minimal exposure to thermal stress. 來源數(shù)據(jù)庫： PubMed Journal 刊名： The Journal of forensic odonto-stomatology, 2009, Vol.27 (2), pp.9-19 17. Removal of estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and 17-estradiol in algae and duckweed-based wastewater treatment systems 作者： Wenxin Shi, Lizheng Wang, Diederik P. L. Rousseau, Piet N. L. Lens 原始語種摘要： Background, aim, and scope:Many pollutants have received significant attention due to their potential estrogenic effect and are classified as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Because of possible ecological effects and increased attention for water reuse schemes, it is important to increase our understanding of the EDC removal capacities of various wastewater treatment systems. However, there has so far been little research on the fate and behavior of EDCs in stabilization pond systems for wastewater treatment, which represent an important class of wastewater treatment systems in developing countries because of their cost-effectiveness. The aim of this work is to study the fate and behavior of EDCs in algae and duckweed ponds. Because the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)... and the natural hormones estrone (E1), as well as 17β-estradiol (E2), have been detected in effluents of sewage treatment plants and been suggested as the major compounds responsible for endocrine disruption in domestic sewage; E1, E2, and EE2 were therefore chosen as target chemicals in this current work.Materials and methods:Many pollutants have received significant attention due to their potential estrogenic effect and are classified as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Because of possible ecological effects and increased attention for water reuse schemes, it is important to increase our understanding of the EDC removal capacities of various wastewater treatment systems. However, there has so far been little research on the fate and behavior of EDCs in stabilization pond systems for wastewater treatment, which represent an important class of wastewater treatment systems in developing countries because of their cost-effectiveness. The aim of this work is to study the fate and behavior of EDCs in algae and duckweed ponds. Because the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and the natural hormones estrone (E1), as well as 17β-estradiol (E2), have been detected in effluents of sewage treatment plants and been suggested as the major compounds responsible for endocrine disruption in domestic sewage; E1, E2, and EE2 were therefore chosen as target chemicals in this current work. Both batch tests and continuous-flow tests were carried out to investigate the sorption and biodegradation of estrogens in algae and duckweed pond systems. The applied duckweed was a Lemna species. The applied algae was a mixture of pure cultures of six different algae genera, i.e., Anabaena cylindrica, Chlorococcus, Spirulina platensis, Chlorella, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Anaebena var. Synthetic wastewater were used in all tests. The concentrations of estrogens were measured with three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits specific for E1, E2, or EE2. When the concentrations of estrogens in water samples were below the lowest quantitative analysis range (0.05 g/l), preconcentration of the water samples were performed by means of solid phase extraction (SPE) with C18 cartridges. Results:Many pollutants have received significant attention due to their potential estrogenic effect and are classified as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Because of possible ecological effects and increased attention for water reuse schemes, it is important to increase our understanding of the EDC removal capacities of various wastewater treatment systems. However, there has so far been little research on the fate and behavior of EDCs in stabilization pond systems for wastewater treatment, which represent an important class of wastewater treatment systems in developing countries because of their cost-effectiveness. The aim of this work is to study the fate and behavior of EDCs in algae and duckweed ponds. Because the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and the natural hormones estrone (E1), as well as 17β-estradiol (E2), have been detected in effluents of sewage treatment plants and been suggested as the major compounds responsible for endocrine disruption in domestic sewage; E1, E2, and EE2 were therefore chosen as target chemicals in this current work. Both batch tests and continuous-flow tests were carried out to investigate the sorption and biodegradation of estrogens in algae and duckweed pond systems. The applied duckweed was a Lemna species. The applied algae was a mixture of pure cultures of six different algae genera, i.e., Anabaena cylindrica, Chlorococcus, Spirulina platensis, Chlorella, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Anaebena var. Synthetic wastewater were used in all tests. The concentrations of estrogens were measured with three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits specific for E1, E2, or EE2. When the concentrations of estrogens in water samples were below the lowest quantitative analysis range (0.05 g/l), preconcentration of the water samples were performed by means of solid phase extraction (SPE) with C18 cartridges. The 6-day batch tests show that the presence of algae or duckweed accelerated the removal of the three estrogens from the synthetic wastewater. More estrogens were removed in the tests with duckweed than in tests with algae or with wastewater. In the sorption tests, a swift sorption of the three estrogens was observed when the estrogens were contacted with duckweed or algae, while the estrogen concentrations in tap water kept unchanged during the 3-h sorption tests. The mass balances indicated that only about 5% of the estrogens were bound to the algae sediment or duckweed at the end of the 6-day tests. Results of the continuous-flow tests revealed that the algae and duckweed ponds effectively removed E1, E2, and EE2 even at nanograms per liter level. Interconversion of E1 and E2 occurred both in batch and continuous-flow tests. E2 could be readily transformed to E1, especially in the tests with algae. Discussion:Many pollutants have received significant attention due to their potential estrogenic effect and are classified as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Because of possible ecological effects and increased attention for water reuse schemes, it is important to increase our understanding of the EDC removal capacities of various wastewater treatment systems. However, there has so far been little research on the fate and behavior of EDCs in stabilization pond systems for wastewater treatment, which represent an important class of wastewater treatment systems in developing countries because of their cost-effectiveness. The aim of this work is to study the fate and behavior of EDCs in algae and duckweed ponds. Because the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and the natural hormones estrone (E1), as well as 17β-estradiol (E2), have been detected in effluents of sewage treatment plants and been suggested as the major compounds responsible for endocrine disruption in domestic sewage; E1, E2, and EE2 were therefore chosen as target chemicals in this current work. Both batch tests and continuous-flow tests were carried out to investigate the sorption and biodegradation of estrogens in algae and duckweed pond systems. The applied duckweed was a Lemna species. The applied algae was a mixture of pure cultures of six different algae genera, i.e., Anabaena cylindrica, Chlorococcus, Spirulina platensis, Chlorella, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Anaebena var. Synthetic wastewater were used in all tests. The concentrations of estrogens were measured with three different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits specific for E1, E2, or EE2. When the concentrations of estrogens in water samples were below the lowest quantitative analysis range (0.05 g/l), preconcentration of the water samples were performed by means of solid phase extraction (SPE) with C18 cartridges. The 6-day batch tests show that the presence of algae or duckweed accelerated the removal of the three estrogens from the synthetic wastewater. More estrogens were removed in the tests with duckweed than in tests with algae or with wastewater. In the sorption tests, a swift sorption of the three estrogens was observed when the estrogens were contacted with duckweed or algae, while the estrogen concentrations in tap water kept unchanged during the 3-h sorption tests. The mass balances indicated that only about 5% of the estrogens were bound to the algae sediment or duckweed at the end of the 6-day tests. Results of the continuous-flow tests revealed that the algae and duckweed ponds effectively removed E1, E2, and EE2 even at nanograms per liter level. Interconversion of E1 and E2 occurred both in batch and continuous-flow tests. E2 could be readily transformed to E1, especially in the tests with algae. Different processes like sorption, biodegradation and photolytic degradation might play an important role in the removal of estrogens from the aquatic phase. The 3-h sorption tests support the importance of sorption for estrogen removal, in which a rapid initial sorption was observed over the first 2 min for E1/E2/EE2 to both duckweed and algae. In the 6-day batch tests, estrogens were sorbed by algae or duckweed during the early stage when algae and duckweed were contacted with the synthetic wastewater and the sorbed estrogens were further biodegraded by the microorganisms developed in the wastewater. The persistent estrogen concentrations in tap water, however, implied that no sorption, biodegradation, or photolytic degradation occurred in tap water under the specific experimental conditions. Under aerobic or anoxic conditions, E2 could be first oxidized to E1, which is further oxidized to unknown metabolites and finally to CO2 and water. Under anaerobic conditions, E1 can also be reduced to E2. However, the interconversion might be much more complex especially in the tests with algae because both aerobic and anaerobic condition