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如何猜測詞義,臨沂期中 58. what does the underlined word “delegated” probably mean? A. appointed B. replaced C. declined D. handled,Have you allowed your time to be over-committed because you never say “No” to anyone? Do you insist on doing things yourself that could be delegated to others? If so , why ? Do you believe that everything depends on you?,63. What is the meaning of the underlined word “unanimous” in para. 6? unwilling B. absolute C. inconsiderate D. uncertain,When our advisor asked if we would like to get involved, we responded with a unanimous yes .,在閱讀中, 我們往往會遇到一些不認(rèn)識的單詞或短語, 或者認(rèn)識的單詞在文章中有了新的意義、如果這些詞或短語不影響對文章主要內(nèi)容的理解, 我們便可以將它們略過, 繼續(xù)閱讀。如果了解這些詞語的意思對正確理解文意很重要, 這時, 我們就必須根據(jù)上下文的聯(lián)系, 對它們的意義進(jìn)行猜測, 使之不影響對整篇文章的閱讀理解。需要注意的是, 一個單詞通常有好幾個意思, 我們要解決的是這些詞在文中所表達(dá)的意思。因此, 不可脫離上下文, 只根據(jù)自己以前了解的詞義來確定其意義。通常, 猜測詞義可采用以下幾種方法：,一、利用所出現(xiàn)生詞的上下文與其意義上的 聯(lián)系或 下文進(jìn)一步的敘述, 猜測詞義。,1.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.,2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.,3.I'm sorry I've been monopolizing you. Your other dinner companion should have the chance to talk to you.,4.If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance oftener, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient.,5.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous.,1.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.,如不知道vampire的詞義, 從上文1ives on blood(靠吸血而生存)則可得知其詞義為吸血昆蟲。,2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.,如不知道spectacles的詞義, 從下文“戴上'spectacles'后開始閱讀“可猜得其詞義為“眼鏡“。,3.I'm sorry I've been monopolizing you. Your other dinner companion should have the chance to talk to you, too.,根據(jù)第二個句子的意思, 可猜出monopolize之意為“獨占“,4.If I were a boy again, I would practice perseverance oftener, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient.,根據(jù)and never give up a thing .可猜測perseverance之意為“堅韌不拔“ .,5.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous.,根據(jù)后半句讓步狀語從句, 可猜測instinct為“本能“。,6.14,000 sanitation workers who carry off, yearly, three million tons of refuse and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow.,從上下文可猜出sanitation workers為“環(huán)衛(wèi)工人“。,7.Human beings are a unique species. They have larger brains than any other beings. They have the gift of speech and can communicate their thoughts, ideas, and feelings.,從上下文可猜出the gift of speech為“語言天賦”。,8.Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. They discover objects thousands of years old that inform us about how people lived long ago.,不難猜出Archaeologists 為“考古學(xué)家”,9.The teacher did not hear the knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in his reading.,以因果關(guān)系為線索, 可確定engrossed的意思為“被吸引”, “全神貫注”。,10.I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won't give it up easily.,,通過第二句, 可推出resolute的意思是“堅定的“。,二. 利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。,常見的舉例的提示詞有：for example, such as , for instance 等。,1.Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.,如不知道“geometric forms“的意思, 可從文中所列舉的三角形、正方形、圓形來猜得其意義為“幾何圖形”。,2.Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions.,如不知道appliances的意思, 從文中的舉例washing-machines, refrigerators, color televisions可以猜出該詞的意思為“家用電器”。,3.There were disastrous fires in some cities, such as the great fire of London in 1666.,such as 列舉出如1666年倫敦大火一類“災(zāi)難性”（即disastrous）的火災(zāi)。,4. The government promises to give millions of deprived black the essentials in life -- housing, education, health facilities, and job opportunities.,可猜出essentials是“必需品”。,三. 利用文中說明詞義的同位語或定語, 猜測詞義。,1.Tom was a roamer, a wanderer who could never stay in one place.,roamer是生詞, 但wanderer是由我們所熟悉的wander變化而來的名詞, 那可以推出的意思是“流浪漢”。,2.Nearby is the race course, where the town's most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.,以where引導(dǎo)的定語從句為依據(jù), course應(yīng)是汽車賽舉行的地點, 所以排除“過程”, “課程”, “航向”, 而要定義為“跑道”。,3.They will be on the night shift ---- from midnight to 6 a.m. - next week.,由破折號之間的解釋內(nèi)容, 我們可以了解到night shift意思為“夜班”。,4.In sports, especially athletics, success is often prevented by psychological obstacles, that is, barriers that exist in the mind only.,that is后面的內(nèi)容解釋說明了psychological obstacles為“心理障礙”。,四. 利用文中的反義詞猜測詞義。,表示對比的詞有but, while, however, otherwise 等。,1.American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.,文中be punctual.的意思, 可理解為not come late, 即“準(zhǔn)時, 不遲到“。,2.Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.,根據(jù)文中Unlike的意思, shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.應(yīng)該表達(dá)了“gregarious“相反的意思, 所以gregarious的意思為“好交際的“。,3.All of these ideas about the communication of the future are fantasies, to be sure, but many of them are fantasies that are very likely to become realities.,fantasies與realities意義相反, 可猜測其詞義為“幻想“。,4.Most of them agreed; however, John dissented.,dissented通過however與agreed對比, “反對“,5.Jane was talking with others while Bliza remained reticent all the time.,根據(jù)while的提示, 前后對照, reticent的含義是“沉默寡言“。,五. 利用同義詞, 近義詞或詞組。,1.One of the predominant concerns today is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever.,文中predominant的詞義可猜測為與of greatest importance的意思相近。,3.Doctors, scientists, and public health experts often travel to these regions to solve the mystery of a long healthy life; the experts hope to bring to the modern world the secrets of longevity.,生詞longevity，的意思為“長命的、長壽的”。,4.I see people, old and young alike, are now taking tests of intelligence, education and skill. I wonder why there is not test of one's virtue or goodness.,句中or后的goodness解釋了virtue, 其意為“善行”。,六. 利用下文定義的句子猜測詞義。,1.In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands, used to describe something forbidden.,根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容, 可猜測Taboo為“禁忌”。,2.Instinctive behavior is a pattern of behavior that an animal is born with.,根據(jù)句子內(nèi)容, 可猜測Instinctive behavior為“本性”。,3.Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people.,根據(jù)定語從句, 可猜測artificial-intelligence之意為“人工智能”。,4.A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof-- not friendly, of distance from others,破折號后的內(nèi)容是aloof一詞“不友好, 冷漠“的釋意。,5. English speakers use a lot of euphemisms---polite, less direct words for thing or ideas that cause embarrassment.,euphemisms意思是“委婉說法“。,6. Children also need convictions -- something (and someone)to trust, to hold up as worthy of admiration.,convictions意為“信念“。,七. 利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。,1.They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questions.,在overestimate詞中是前綴, 意思是“過分---“。因此, overestimate的詞義可猜測為“過高估計“。,2. We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it.,spacious是由詞根 space（空間）和 ious（形容詞后綴）構(gòu)成。由此我們可以猜出其意思為“有空間的, 寬敞的“。,八. 綜合法。,以上幾種猜測詞義的方法不是互不聯(lián)系的, 有時可以同時采用幾種方法猜測詞義。,1.Since the discovery of nuclear energy there has been bitter controversy. In the supporters' view, atomic energy offers the only chance of survival for civilization. The opponents, however, think that it is the most direct way to extinction. While extremists on both sides shout slogans, moderates tend to agree that new sources of energy will eventually be developed and that nuclear energy will play its part.,根據(jù)上下文, 可以猜出controversy為“爭端“。在“爭端“中就會有“支持者“ supporters和“反對者“ opponents, 而兩派中還會有“激進(jìn)派“ extremists和“溫和派“ moderates。,2.Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family, which may include three or more generations living together.,根據(jù)定語從句, 可猜測extended family意思是“大家庭“, 與extended family意思相反, 可猜測nuclear family為“小家庭“。,在閱讀理解中要求判斷詞語意思的問題, 通常有以下形式：,1. According to the author, the word ““ means ___. 2.By““,the author means ___. 3. Which of the following is nearest (closest) in meaning to““? 4.The word ““ in the passage means __. 5. The word ““ most likely means __.,一、利用所出現(xiàn)生詞的上下文與其意義上的聯(lián)系或下文進(jìn) 一步的敘述, 猜測詞義。,二. 利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。,三. 利用文中說明詞義的同位語或定語, 猜測詞義。,四. 利用文中的反義詞猜測詞義。,五. 利用同義詞, 近義詞或詞組。,六. 利用下文定義的句子猜測詞義。,七. 利用構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。,八. 綜合法。,總結(jié),同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,