《高考英語語法》word版.doc
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(5) 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞后加-s, 如下: toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays,key-keys,gay-gays,and so on. (6) 以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es或加-s: 以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞后一般加-es, 如下: hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes; 以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的不少外來詞后加-s, 如下: piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos,etc; 以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的有的名詞后加-es或加-s都可以,如下: zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos (7) 以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s,如下: radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos (8) 以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s,如下: truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths; 2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù): 英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的,現(xiàn)歸納如下: (1) 改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式, 如下: child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans; Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans。 (2) 單復(fù)同形, 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如: a dollar, two dollars. (3) 集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復(fù)數(shù);如: people, police, cattle; 注意:不能說 a people,a police,a cattle; 但可以說a person,a policeman,a head of cattle; the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作復(fù)數(shù)用。如: The Chinese are brave. 中國人民是勇敢的。 (4) 以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞,如: maths,politics,physics, news, the United States,the United Nations; 注意: maths,politics,physics等學科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。 news 是不可數(shù)名詞。 the United States,the United Nations 應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。如: The United Nations was founded in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。 以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報紙,雜志名,也可視為單數(shù)。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. <<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事書。 (5) 表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的事物,若表達具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞如: glasses, trousers, clothes; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers; (6) 另外一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思,如: goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚 (7) 合成名詞: 將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù), 如: sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends; 無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù), 如: grown-ups, housewives; 將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù), 如: women teachers, men doctors; 3. 不可數(shù)名詞的量:在不可數(shù)名詞前加of短語,利用量詞和容器的數(shù)量來表示不可數(shù)名詞的 “量”, 如: a bottle of milk---two bottles of milk a piece of meat---three pieces of meat 注意: 不可數(shù)名詞用來表示類別時,可用復(fù)數(shù),如: drinks各種飲料 vegetables各種蔬菜 foods各種食物 fruits各種水果 III. 名詞的格: 名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種: 一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成; 二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。 前者多表示有生命的東西,后者多表示無生命的東西。 所有格的構(gòu)成: (1) 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加"s",復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加"s",如the boys book,mens room; (2) 若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾-s ,只加"",如:the workers struggle; (3) 凡不能加"s"的名詞,都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系, 如:the song of the film; (4) 在表示店鋪或某人的家時,名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞, 如:the barbers 理發(fā)店。 (5) 如果兩個名詞并列,并且分別有s,則表示"分別有";只有一個s,則表示共有。 如:Johns and Marys rooms John and Marys room (6) 復(fù)合名詞或短語,s 加在最后一個詞的詞尾。 如:a month or twos holiday; (二).冠詞和數(shù)詞 冠詞分為不定冠詞(a, an),定冠詞(the),和零冠詞。 冠詞是虛詞,本身不能單獨使用,也沒有詞義,它用在名詞的前面,幫助指明名詞的含義。 I. 不定冠詞的用法: (1) a用在輔音之前,an用在元音之前, 如: a boy, an orange; (2) 指一類人或事,如: A plane is a machine which can fly in the sky. (3) 第一次提及某人某物,如: A girl is right here waiting for you . (4) 表示“每一”相當于every,one; 如: I study English two hours a day. (5) 表示“相同”相當于the same, 如: We are of an age. (6) 用于人名前,表示不認識此人或與某名人有類似性質(zhì)的人或事, 如: A Mr. White came to see you . That girl is a Lei Feng. (7) 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后, 如: There is quite a big smile on her face. This tree is rather a big one. Many a student likes English. Half a apple is left on the table. What a kind girl she is ! She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her. (8) 用于so(as, too, how)+形容詞之后, 如: Mary is so good a singer that all the fans love her . Michael is as clever a boy as you can wish to see. There is too heavy a box for him to carry. How beautiful a girl you can see ! (9) 用于固定詞組中, 如: a lot of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time; II. 定冠詞的用法: (1) 特指某人或物,其意思接近指示代詞this, that, 這種情況稱為“特指”; 如: The book is very good for English learners. (2) 前面提到的名詞,再度提到時前面要用the; 如: There will be a video show tonight. The video show will begin at seven. (3) 表示在世界上獨一無二的事物,如: the sun, the moon, the earth; (4) 定冠詞the有時可用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前,表示某一類人或事物; 如: The horse has four legs. (5) 定冠詞還可以與某些形容詞或分詞連用,表示類別或抽象概念; 如: the poor, the rich,the wounded; (6) 有些樂器的名稱(一般指西洋樂器),前面要加the; 如: The boy is learning to play the piano. (7) 用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級最高級前, 如: He is the taller of the two brothers. (8) 用于國家黨派等以及江河湖海,山川群島的名詞前, 如: the People’s Republic of China, the United States, the Communist Party of China,the Yellow River ,the Himlalays; (9) 表示說話雙方都了解的人或事, 如: Would you mind opening the window? (10) 用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前, 如: The compass was invented in China. (11) 表示“一家人”或“夫婦”, 如: The Smiths are waiting for us at the station. (12) 用于表示單位的名詞前, 如: The cleaning women are paid by the hour in cities. (13) 在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前,指世紀的某個年代, 如: He was born in the 1930’s. (14) 用于方位名詞,身體部位名詞前, 如: Baqiang lies in the east of Xinzheng City. He patted me on the shoulder. III. 零冠詞的用法: (1) 稱呼之前, 如: Will that be ok, sir? (2) 專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前, 如: England ,Germany, peace, war, air等。 (3) 季節(jié)、月份、星期幾;節(jié)假日,一日三餐等名詞前, 如: Autumn, October,Monday,National Day, breakfast等. (4) 表示職位,身份,頭銜的名詞前, 如: Lincoln was made President of America. (5) 學科,語言,球類,棋類名詞前, 如: He likes playing football while she likes playing chess. (6) 與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前, 如: He goes to school by bus. (7) 名詞前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制, 如: I want this book, not that one. Whose book is this? (8) 表示泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前, 如: Dogs are useful animals. (9) 以and連接的兩個相對的名詞并用時, 如: husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night; 數(shù)詞: 表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞;表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。 I. 基數(shù)詞 (1). 基數(shù)詞寫法和讀法: 1345 one thousand three hundred and forty-five; (2). 基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式,但下列情況,常用復(fù)數(shù): 1). 與of 短語連用,表示概數(shù),不能與具體數(shù)目連用,如: scores of people 指許多人; 2). 在一些表示"一排"或"一組"的詞組里;如: They arrived in twos and threes. 他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡搅恕? 3). 表示"幾十歲";如: She is in her twenties, so she is young and beautiful . 4). 表示"年代",用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù);如: During the 90s, many people became rich by buying and selling ;that is to say , in the 1990s . 5). 在乘法運算的一種表示法里,如: 3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen. II. 序數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式: first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st III. 數(shù)詞的用法 (1). 倍數(shù)表示法 1). 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ as + adj. + as I have three times as many as you. 2). 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ the size (amount,length…) of… The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 3). 主語+謂語+倍數(shù)(分數(shù))+ 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than… The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加8%。 4). 還可以用by+倍數(shù),表示增加多少倍 The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。 (2). 分數(shù)表示法 構(gòu)成:基數(shù)詞代表分子,序數(shù)詞代表分母。 分子大于1時,分子的序數(shù)詞用單數(shù),分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù): 1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths. (三).代詞: 代詞是代替名詞的一種詞類,大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。 1. 英語中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞七種。 (1) 人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化: 數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格 第一人稱 I me we us 第二人稱 you you you you he him they them 第三人稱 she her they them it it they them (2) 物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞二種,其人物和數(shù)的變化見下: 數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 人稱 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三 人稱 人稱 人稱 人稱 人稱 人稱 形容詞性 my your his\her\its our your their 物主代詞 名詞性 mine yours his\hers \its ours yours theirs 物主代詞 (3) 指示代詞表示"那個"、"這個"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。 (4) 反身代詞表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我們自己"、"你們自己"和"他們自己"等的代詞,叫做自身代詞,也稱為"反身代詞"。 反身代詞有myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves; (5) 不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代詞,如anybody, something,no one。 這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語,但none和由some,any,no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語、賓語或表語;every和no只能作定語。 (6) 疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等,在句子中用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句,疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。 (7) 關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們在定語從句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞(通稱為先行詞)。 2. 代詞的用法: (1) 人稱代詞的用法: 人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補語, 如: John waited a while but eventually he went home. 約翰等了一會兒,最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。 在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,如: When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 約翰一到就直接去銀行了。 人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,如: I saw her with them; I thought it was her. 我看到她和他們在一起,我認為是她。(her做賓 語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補語) a. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶? b. -- Me. --我。 (2) 物主代詞的用法: 物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,如: John had cut his finger; there was a broken glass on his desk. 約翰割破了手指,他桌子上有個破玻璃杯。 物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當于省略了中心名詞的 --s屬格結(jié)構(gòu),如: Jacks cap 意為 The cap is Jacks. His cap 意為 The cap is his. 名詞性物主代詞的功能: 作主語,如: May I use your pen? Yours writes better. 我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。 作賓語,如: I love my homeland as much as you love yours. 我愛我的祖國就像你愛你的祖國一樣深。 作介詞賓語,如: You should explain what I said with my word, not in yours. 你應(yīng)當按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。 作主語補語,如: The life I have is yours. Its yours. 我的生命屬于你,屬于你。 (3) 指示代詞的用法: 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,如: 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 限定詞:This girl is Lucy. These men are myfriends. That boy is Tom. Those boys are mine. 代詞: This is Lucy. These are my friends. That is Tom. Those are mine. 指示代詞的功能: 作主語, 如: This is the way of doing it. 這事兒就該這樣做。 作賓語, 如: I like this better than that. 我喜歡這個甚于那個。 作主語補語,如: My point is this. 我的觀點就是如此。 作介詞賓語,如: There is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。 注意: 指示代詞在作主語時可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時只能指物,不能指人,如: That is my teacher. 那是我的老師。( that作主語,指人) He is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞) I bought this. 我買這個。(this指物,可作賓語) That和those可作定語從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能; 同時,在作先行詞時,只有those可指人,試比較: He likes that which looks beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。 He likes those who look beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人) He admires those who dance well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人) He admires those which look beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物) (4) 反身代詞的用法: I you you she he myself yourself yourselves herself himself we they it one ourselves themselves itself oneself 反身代詞的功能: 作賓語, 如: We enjoyed ourselves very much . 我們玩得很開心。 Please help yourself to some fish. 請你隨便吃點魚。 作表語, 如: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。 作同位語, 如: He himself comes to see you. 他親自來看你。 注意: 反身代詞本身不能單獨作主語,但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語中,第二個主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。第二人稱作賓語,要用反身代詞。 You should be proud of yourself. 你應(yīng)為自己感到驕傲。 (5) 不定代詞的用法: 不定代詞有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone等。 不定代詞的功能: 不定代詞既可用作名詞,也可用作形容詞。但every和no在句中只能作定語。 1) all和both: all 都,指三者以上;all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如:不說 all the book,而說 the whole book。但all可與表時間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如 all day,all night。 both 都,指兩者;both 與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,但 both… and…可與單數(shù)名詞連用。both, all 都可作同位語。 2)neither和nor : neither 兩者都不,neither作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。作定語與單數(shù)名詞連用,但neither… nor 用作并列連詞,可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,其謂語采用就近原則??捎糜谙铝芯湫?,避免重復(fù),如: She cant sing,neither (can) he. 如后連續(xù)有幾個否定句式,則用nor,不用neither。 He cant sing,nor dance,nor skate. 3)none和no: no等于not any,作定語。none作主語或賓語,代替不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù);代替可數(shù)名詞,謂語單復(fù)數(shù)皆可以。 There is no water in the bottle. How many students are there in the classroom ? None. None of the students are (is) afraid of snakes . 4) other和another: other泛指“另外的,別的”常與其他詞連用,如: the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指兩者中的另外一個,復(fù)數(shù)為the others; 如: He held a book in one hand and an apple in the other. Two students in our class failed the exam, but the others passed it. another指“又一個,另一個”,復(fù)數(shù)形式是others,泛指“別的人或事”,如: I don’t like this book, please show me another . Some like football, while others like basketball. 5) each和every: each強調(diào)個別,代表的數(shù)可以是兩個或兩個以上,而every強調(diào)整體,所指的數(shù)必須是三個或三個以上。 Each student has a dictionary. Each (of us) has a dictionary. We each have a dictionary. Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points. 6) one, some與any: one可以泛指任何人,也可特指the one ,復(fù)數(shù)為ones。some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑問句和否定句。 One should learn to think of others. Have you any books? No, I don’t have any books. I have some questions to ask. some可用于疑問句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答復(fù),或者表示建議,請求等。 Would you like some apples? Could you lend me some money? some 和any修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時,some表示某個,any表示任何一個。 I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any. some和數(shù)詞連用表示“大約”,any可與比較級連用表示程度。 There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today? 7) one,that 和it one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類,但不是同一個,而it 與所指名詞為同一個。 I cant find my book. I think I must buy one. The book you bought is bigger than that I bought. I cant find my book. I don t know where I put it. 8) one,another和the other: one… the other 一個……另一個(只有兩個) some… the others 一些……其他的(有三個以上) one… another,another…一個……另一個……另一個 some… others,others…一些……有的…… 其他的 others = other people/things the others = the rest 剩余的全部人或物 泛指另一個用another,一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個用one,另一個用the other; 一定范圍內(nèi)三者,一個用one,另一個用one (another);一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others; 泛指別的人或物時,用others;當在一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部時,也用others。 9) anyone和any one;no one和none : anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。 none 后跟of短語,既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨使用,只指人。 none 作主語,謂語動詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,而no one作主語謂語動詞只能是單數(shù)。 None of you could lift it. ---- Did any one call me up just now? ---- No one. (6) 疑問代詞的用法: 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。 疑問代詞有下列幾個: 指 人: who, whom, whose 指 物: what 既可指人又可指物: which 疑問代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。 疑問代詞:Whose are those books on the desk? 限定詞: Whose books are those on the desk? 無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),如: Which country do you come from,China,America,or Japan ? What country do you like best? Whom是who的賓格,在書面語中,它作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口語中作賓語時,可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 如: Who(m) did you meet on the street?(作動詞賓語) Who(m) are you talking to?(作介詞賓語) To whom did you speak ?(作介詞賓語,置介詞后,不能用who取代。) 疑問代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,如: I cant understand what he is talking about. Can you tell me whose blue shirt this is ? Whether we will have a meeting in the afternoon hasn’t been decided. (7) 關(guān)系代詞的用法: 關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。它代表先行詞,同時在從句中作一定的句子成分,如:The girl to whom I spoke is my classmate.?。ㄔ摼渲衱hom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語。) 關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。 在限定性定語從句中,that 可指人也可指物,:如: 限定性 非限定性 限定性 指 人 指 物 指人或指物 主 格 who which that 賓 格 whom that that 屬 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose This is the pencil whose point is broken. =This is the pencil the point of which is broken. (whose 指物,在限定性定語從句中作定語) This is the book which he had left in the classroom. ?。╳hich指物,在限定性定語從句中作賓語,可以省略) 關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個句子,如: He said he saw me there, which was not true . 關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語或表語時可省略,如: Ive forgotten French I once knew. Hes not the man he was. (四).形容詞和副詞 I. 形容詞: 形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補語。敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類, 如: afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake,ill 等。 形容詞作定語通常前置,但在下列情況后置: (1) 修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時, 如: something nice, nobody absent, everything possible,nothing serious; (2) alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置, 如: the only person awake,the boy asleep; (3) 形容詞短語一般后置, 如: a man difficult to get on with,a boy old enough to join the army; (4) 成對的形容詞可以后置, 如: a room huge and beautiful, a boy young and handsome; (5) 以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后, 如: the best book available, the only solution possible; (6) 和空間、時間、單位連用時, 如: a river 1,000 meters long,a room 3 meters wide; 形容詞表示類別和整體: (1) 某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接, 如: the young,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the wounded; (2) 有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用, 如: the Japanese,the English,the French,the Chinese. 多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序: 代詞 數(shù)詞 性狀形容詞 冠詞前的形容詞 冠詞/指示代詞/ 不定代詞/代詞所有格 序數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞 性質(zhì) 狀態(tài) 大小 長短 形狀 新舊 溫度 顏色 國籍 產(chǎn)地 材料 質(zhì)地 名詞 all both such the a this another your second next one four beautiful good poor large short square new cool black yellow Chinese London silk stone 復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成: (1) 名詞+形容詞, 如: world-famous, snow-white , rose-red , sky-blue; (2) 形容詞+形容詞, 如: light-blue, dark-blue, gray-green , red-hot; (3) 形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞, 如: good-looking,ordinary-looking,easygoing,sweet-smelling; (4) 形容詞+名詞+ed, 如: kind-hearted , white-haired,middle-aged, clear-headed; (5) 名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞, 如: peace-loving, fun-loving, English-speaking, grass-eating; (6) 名詞+過去分詞, 如: snow-covered, man-made, handmade, sun-burnt ; (7) 副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞, 如: hard-working, on-coming, outgoing, outstanding ; (8) 副詞+過去分詞, 如: newly-built, well-known, widely-used, well-received; (9) 數(shù)詞+名詞+ed, 如: three-egged,one-eyed, ten-storeyed,six-armed; (10) 數(shù)詞+名詞, 如: first-class, one-piece,second-hand,one-way; (11) 數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞, 如: five-year-old,ten-metre-long, six-foot-deep; II. 副詞 副詞的分類: (1) 時間副詞, 如:soon, now, early, finally, once, recently; (2) 地點副詞, 如:here, there, outside, upwards, above; (3) 方式副詞, 如:hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really; (4) 程度副詞, 如:almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather; (5) 頻度副詞, 如:always, often, frequently,- 1.請仔細閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對于不預(yù)覽、不比對內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來的問題本站不予受理。
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