劍橋商務英語BEC高級寫作講義.doc
《劍橋商務英語BEC高級寫作講義.doc》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關《劍橋商務英語BEC高級寫作講義.doc(35頁珍藏版)》請在裝配圖網上搜索。
CAMBRIDGE BUSINESS ENGLISH CERTIFICATE HIGHER BEC高級寫作講義 目錄 一. BEC考試概述 二. BEC高級寫作概述 三. Part One寫作(概述與方式) 四. Part Two寫作(概述) 五. Part Two (Report寫作方式) 六. Part Two (Proposal寫作方式) 七. Part Two (Letter 寫作方式) 八. 總結 一. BEC考試概述 劍橋商務英語(Cambridge Business English Certificate): 簡稱為BEC考試,是英國劍橋大學考試委員會專門為非英語母語國家的人員進行國際商務活動需要而設計的。該證書由于其頒發(fā)機構的權威性,在歐洲大多數(shù)國家的商業(yè)企業(yè)部門獲得認可,作為確認證書持有者英語能力證明的首選證書。也是在所有舉辦該項考試的國家和地區(qū)求職的“通行證”。在一些國家,許多大學要求獲得BEC3(第三級)證書者才能獲得工商管理碩士(MBA)學位或參加學位課程學習。 BEC考試特點: 1. BEC考試報名不受年齡、性別、職業(yè)、地區(qū)、學歷等限制,任何人(包括學生、待業(yè)人員等)均可持本人身份證到當?shù)乜键c報名。 2. BEC考試測試考生在聽、說、讀、寫四個方面的語言交際能力,著重考察學生的應用能力與接受能力,并對考生的能力概況做出較全面、客觀的評價。 3. BEC考試分為三級,BEC1為初級語言水平考試,難度相當于我國大學英語四級,就劍橋英語考試系列來說,它介于入門英語考試(Key English Test)和初級英語考試(Preliminary English Test)之間;BEC2介于我國大學英語四、六級之間,相當于劍橋第一證書英語考試(First Certificate in English);BEC3介于我國大學英語六級和英語專業(yè)八級之間,相當于劍橋熟練英語證書考試(Certificate of Proficiency in English)。 BEC高級(BEC3)考試: 1. 考試同樣分為四個部分(閱讀,60分鐘;寫作,70分鐘;聽力,40分鐘左右;口語16分鐘);即總時間為166分鐘左右(2.5小時) 2. 四部分總分為120分,每部分為30分,考生的登記以4部分所得的總分為基礎,并不需要所有的四分試卷都達到令人滿意的水平才能通過考試。 3. 分數(shù)分為5檔,A(優(yōu)秀),B(優(yōu)良),C(及格),D、E(不及格) 4. BEC考試所使用的材料盡可能屬于真實事件中的節(jié)選,因此不存在偏見或者其他個性因素。 二. BEC高級寫作概述 概述: 1. 總時間為70分鐘; 2. 兩部分內容,第一部分(Part One)為一片短篇報告(Short Report);第二部分(Part Two)為三選一(Report,Letter,Proposal); 3. 總字數(shù)要求為320-390詞,第一部分為120-140詞,第二部分為200-250詞; 4. 考官會根據整體印象評分,印象的標準主要來源于能否滿足題目要求和是否具有商業(yè)邏輯性為主。 5. 分數(shù)同樣分5檔,5、4、3為及格,2、1、0為不及格 具體評分標準: 1. 是否完成題目要求: n 所有內容點是否已包含在文章內 n 語言是否規(guī)范、自然;錯誤的多少 n 是否靈活運用語言,詞匯量 n 文體是否組織得當,邏輯性、格式是否適當 2. 給讀者的感覺 n 5極佳、4良好、3較好、2不佳、1,0極差 寫作課程訓練目標: 1. 商務思維訓練 2. 模板靈活運用 擴展閱讀資料: 1. http://searchwww.sec.gov/EDGARFSClient/jsp/EDGAR_MainAccess.jsp (美國證券交易所網站,在此網站下點擊Advanced Search, 搜10K文檔,10K文檔為年報,可下載閱讀) 2. http://finance.yahoo.com/ (雅虎財經,在GET QUOTES處輸入股票代碼,然后查詢免費下載分析報告) 3.各上市公司中(Investor Relation)鏈接,建議找尋英國基地公司,如英航等 三. Part One寫作(概述與方式) 問題共點概述: l Write a Short Report l Write 120-140 Words l Describe the movements (Charts or graphs) l At least one chart (Line, Bar and Pie) 解題總思路:(Accomplish In Four Steps) I. Reading ...................................讀題(歸納圖表主要內容) II. Organizing ...............................訂框架(根據模板、例句完成文章主要部分) III. Conclusion ...............................客觀總結(僅歸納最顯而易見的客觀聯(lián)系) IV. Checking ..................................檢查(拼寫、語法及其他錯誤) 文章基本框架:(Basic Structure) l Introduction ..............................簡要介紹題目,歸納圖表主要內容 l Findings ...................................說明圖表中數(shù)據走勢,趨勢和變化 l Conclusion ...............................圖表、數(shù)字簡最客觀聯(lián)系 寫作要點: l 直接了當進入主題 l 抓住數(shù)據特點,突出變化趨勢,進行對比 l 建議寫作中使用小標題,增強各段落寫作方向,條理更加清晰 分步解題: 1. 如何讀題: l 學會節(jié)省時間,速讀 l 只挑不同的內容讀 l 歸納圖表的主要表達內容,先中文后英文 例:Book2, Test1, Part One (以下例題部分均為此題,簡稱如上題) Question1: l The graphs below (Page 28) show the performance of a European country’s manufacturing and agricultural sectors in terms of exports and imports between 1991 and 2001. l Using the information from the graphs, write a short report describing the general movements in exports, imports and the resulting balance of trade. l Write 120-140 words. 1. 詞語不多,難度不大,閱讀時間盡量縮短 2. 斜體字部分基本為Part One慣例,可基本忽略閱讀 3. 下劃線部分為題目“不同內容”所在,亦是表格的主要內容 4. 根據題目要求和圖表內容“再造”下劃線部分 如:表格描述的是歐洲某國工業(yè)和農業(yè)在1991到2001年間進出口情況,而后將此句子翻譯為英文即可。(The two charts describe one European country’s manufacturing and agricultural performance in exports and imports parts during 1991 and 2001.) 2. 如何訂框架:Basic Structure基本框架(見上頁) A. Introduction Part:簡要介紹題目、圖表內容,基本內容如上英文表達,即先根據題目和圖表歸納出中文內容,后將其內容翻譯成英文即可成為開始部分。適當將上句進行修改為: l The aim of the report is to summarize the changes of one European country’s agricultural and manufacturing sectors’ exports and imports performance during 1991 and 2001. l 下劃線部分為Introduction部分模板句型,其他句型還有: l The … chart ( or graph ) shows \ displays \ outlines \ describes \ summaries \ indicates \ reflects … . l This is a report about …. l As we can see \ learn from the chart (or graph) …. l The aim of the report is to summarize \ describe \ outline …. l The report describes \ summaries \ outlines \ shows the change of \ in … . B. Findings Part:說明數(shù)字變化、走勢及對比數(shù)據,該部分為第一部分寫作重中之重,因為在一份專業(yè)的商業(yè)報告中,對于數(shù)據走勢的描寫十分重要,它可能影響某商業(yè)活動的發(fā)展方向,通過對數(shù)據變化的描寫可以增強公司決策層在發(fā)展企業(yè)的正確判斷可能性。此部分也是鍛煉考生邏輯思維和縝密思考的能力。 l 既然數(shù)據走勢為重中之重,那么對于數(shù)據走勢的描寫就必須進行積累,這里提供部分趨勢描寫詞匯或短語,可供模板使用: 1. 表示上升:Increase, go up, rise, grow, jump, climb (動詞);An increase, a growth, a jump, an upward trend (名詞詞組) 2. 表示下降:fall, decrease, go down, slide, collapse, decline, drop (動詞);A collapse, a decrease, a fall, a decline, a drop (名詞詞組) 3. 表示波動:from…to…, between…and…(在......之間); at the start of…, at the end of …, throughout (自始至終)…(時間);a fluctuation from … to …, fluctuate …(波動,起伏) 4. 兩個必記介詞:...to...(到某一點),...by...(漲了多少) 5. 最高,at the top (peak) of,最低,at the bottom of l 對比會增加考官對文章的印象,充實文章內容的內容;但必須注意,進行對比時必須是同類比同類,如上題中出現(xiàn)的可能對比的類型為工業(yè)VS工業(yè),農業(yè)VS農業(yè);或進口VS進口,出口VS出口。 l 增加適當?shù)穆?lián)詞,如關聯(lián)詞(But,However...),形容詞、副詞(Slowly,fast...)對文章的連貫性會有很好的幫助,此處提供部分關聯(lián)詞語可供模板套用: 1. 描寫程度大小:slightly, gradually, slowly, steadily(程度較小);considerably, dramatically, greatly, markedly, obviously, quickly, rapidly, sharply, significantly, suddenly(程度較大) 2. 表示順序:first, firstly, initially, secondly, to begin with, then, next, after, followed(-ing), at last, afterwards(以后、后來), first and foremost(首要的) 3. 表示時間:before, since, as, until, meanwhile, at the moment, when, whenever, as soon as, just as… 4. 表示對比:however, on the other hand, whether, despite, in spite of, though, although, but, otherwise, yet, instead of, rather, even though, compared with, in contrast, nevertheless, alternatively(二者選一) 5. 表示強調:indeed, in fact, obviously, certainly, plainly, of course l 如上述模板及聯(lián)詞,該題可歸納為: A. 中文:工業(yè)在91-01年間進口與出口上升幅度均較大,但進口低于出口;二者基本屬于波動上升態(tài)勢,91年最低,01年最高,進出口最低最高值分別是......。 英文:The performance of manufacturing sector during the decay is more better than agricultural. Both exports and imports show significant upward trends, and exports act better than imports, but the distance between them is much less than the agricultural’s. The fluctuations for both sectors are steadily. The bottoms for both parts are in 1991, while the tops are in 2001. B. 中文:農業(yè)在此區(qū)間內雖呈現(xiàn)上升態(tài)勢,但速度沒工業(yè)快,且進出口額度差距較大;92年前后僅出口值出現(xiàn)下滑,至94年前后恢復上升,而到99年二者又呈現(xiàn)下滑趨勢,且沒出現(xiàn)恢復狀態(tài)。 英文:On the other hand, the agricultural sectors show increased slightly during the ten years. The same as manufacturing sectors, agricultural’s exports also performed better than its imports and the gap between them is at least 3 billion dollars. Both sectors dropped during 1992 to 1994 and then rised again. The same dropping situation appeared after 1999, which marked at the top of both sectors are in 1999. l 上述英文內容并無出現(xiàn)具體數(shù)字內容,而十分強調數(shù)據變化趨勢。并且巧妙運用關聯(lián)詞語。考生在練習是可適當進行部分趨勢描寫刪減或增加對于具體數(shù)字的描寫以便訓練出更適合自己的文體模式。 3. 歸納: l 不要猜、不要估計,直接歸納客觀聯(lián)系即可 如上題所述,其圖表內容最類似部分即為不管農業(yè)工業(yè),在此10年間均呈現(xiàn)上升態(tài)勢。 Both agricultural and manufacturing sectors show upward trends during the decay. l 部分關于歸納總結的詞組: A. 表示結果:as a result, as a consequence, thus, so, therefore, it follows that, eventually, then, thereby B. 表示總結:in conclusion, in summary, lastly, finally, to sum up, to conclude, in short, in a word l 注意該部分需要考慮字數(shù)限制,按上內容(英文部分,字數(shù)已經超過140詞,故此處可以適當考慮是否增加此部分);若字數(shù)已經超出規(guī)定字數(shù),則不需再加任何關于歸納性語言,可在開始Introduction部分進行一定修改即可。 4. 檢查 l 上述表達有無語法、時態(tài)或者拼寫錯誤,根據考官一般習慣,適量的語法錯誤和單詞拼寫錯誤可以接受,為避免可能出現(xiàn)的類似錯誤,建議大家使用簡單的表達方式和不需要過多復雜單詞。 l 注意格式,標點符號,全文頂格。 l 請注意通讀文章一次以便察看是否滿足問題全部要求。 l 對于第一部分寫作時間盡可能別超過20分鐘 標題式寫作范文模板:Book 2 Test 2 Sample A Introduction: The aim of this report is to summarise the changes ... between.... Findings: Focusing our attention on ... rose steadily over the period. A general upward trend from ... in 1990 to ... is clearly recognisable. On the other hand, the average price of ... totalled in 1990, but in 1995 it increased repidly reaching a peak of ... In 2000, the price fell to ... however more than the minimum price in 1990. Conclusion: As we can be seen from both graphs ... did not show the same characteristics as total.... 模板的使用需要自己進行一定的練習,可以根據一些公司股票走勢、國家某些數(shù)據統(tǒng)計進行練習。 BEC考試中圖表的考試均來自真實數(shù)據和圖表,故一定的積累練習會減少考試精神壓力。 四、 Part Two寫作(概述) 問題共點概述: l 200-250 words l All report to a higher rank officer (managing director, head of department) l All questions have at least 3 requests l No more data 問題特點: l 三道題目選一 1. A business report(商業(yè)報告) 2. A business Letter(商業(yè)信函) 3. A business proposal(商業(yè)計劃) l 涉及行業(yè)主要為之前介紹的微觀部分 1. 綜合管理類(General Management):主要涉及公司內部管理、協(xié)調、運作某組織、項目等多功能的綜合學科,目標是使項目、企業(yè)、組織運轉更高效。題目一般包含制度建設、規(guī)章完善、部門建設擴展等內容,例題如Book2 Test1 2. 人力資源(Human Resources):人所具有的腦力和體力勞動總合,包括管理和協(xié)調其相關內容。題目一般包含公司內部員工情況、教育發(fā)展、晉級、士氣等內容,例題如Book2 Test2 3. 市場類(Marketing):主要指商業(yè)活動中商業(yè)交易中的各項行為,如交易、銷售、營銷、市場擴展等,目的在于增加企業(yè)收入。題目一般包含市場銷售、分公司建設、會展、開拓業(yè)務等內容,例題如Book2 Test4 l 需要更加縝密的邏輯和商業(yè)思維,需要提出建議或者意見,并且可行 l 同第一部分不同,模板只能運用于框架制訂,具體句子需要考生自行完成 解題總思路:(Accomplish In Five Steps) 1. Reading 讀題,根據自己實際能力進行三選一,歸納問題要點 2. Head&Feet First ................................根據模板或者問題歸納出的要點進行開頭和結尾部分描寫,簡單框架或者中文即可 3. Organizing ..........................................框架制定,根據問題進行“矩陣”列表,而后拓展矩陣中要點成為句子 4. Combining ..........................................靈活運用關聯(lián)詞或詞組將各句子串聯(lián),并適當修改開始和結尾部分 5. Checking .............................................檢查,語法、單詞拼寫有無錯誤,商業(yè)觀點有無重大紕漏,問題要點有無涵蓋 注意:此部分內容需要實際并且可行的商業(yè)思維運用,故建議考生多閱讀關于上述三行業(yè)中的內容及案例。 五、 Part Two (Report寫作方式) Business Report: 1. To give a description of the business activites, including buying, selling, services and company’s functions or information about these to someone or some groups. 2. Focus on summarizing the problems and giving solutions. 文章基本框架(Basic Structure): 1. Introduction ..................................同第一部分寫作內容,歸納、總起全文及介紹報告主要內容 2. Findings ........................................說明問題,闡明問題發(fā)生原因 3. Recommendations ........................分析問題解決方法,提出建議 4. Conclusion .....................................使用該建議的效果或其他可能性,歸納全文 寫作要點: 1. 簡潔明了,快速切入主題(同第一部分寫作要求) 2. 制訂框架盡快完善要點 3. 所提意見或建議必須可行性高 分步解題: 1. 如何讀題: l 同第一部分,快速瀏覽相同部分,選擇其中一問題作答 l 快速歸納問題內容,整理出全文開始部分(Introduction) l 抓住問題要點迅速運用積累知識做出擴展 例:Book2, Test2,Part Two Report Part Question1: l You have recently attended the following one-day courses: 1. Developing Your Potential 2. Trends in Electronic Commerce 3. Managing People 4. Reducing Costs Your company’s Training Mnager has asked you to write a short report about the training. l Write the report for the Training Manager: 1. Describing the two courses which you found most useful 2. Explaining how you benefited from them 3. Outlining the specfic training courses you would like to attend next year 4. Giving reasons why these courses would be useful to you l 問題概述: 1. 斜體字部分基本未第二部分均會出現(xiàn)重復內容,讀題是可以迅速略過 2. 粗體下劃線部分為問題的主要內容,需要認真閱讀 3. 從題目可以得出此報告需要考生寫一篇關于人力的文章 4. 文章的主要內容: 中文:你參加的一次培訓課程和你對本課程的意見或建議 英文:Summarizing the one-day training course you have just attended and give advice or recommendations. (此種歸納在問題中有出現(xiàn)類似句子,適當將其修改即可) 5. 針對題目進行選擇,一般在報告中市場科目題目易于發(fā)揮,且難度相對較低 2.如何定首尾:Basic Structure基本框架(見上頁) A. 先制定首尾有利于寫作的大致方向,且在第一部分訓練中關于Introduction部分的模板已經給出,直接根據問題就可以寫出開始部分 B. Introduction Part:歸納問題所提主要內容(如上黑體下劃線句子,但必須將句子進行一定修改),開門見山直接進入正題, 根據問題,此文章開頭必須包含兩點內容: 1. 歸納總結培訓課 2. 提出建議或意見 3. 將上黑體下劃線表達進行修改 修改前:Summarizing the one-day training course you have just attended and give advice or recommendations. 修改后:The report is about the one-day course I have attended and raise some feasible recommendations for a better training course. (斜體下劃線部分為第一部分所用模板句型,后部分需要根據問題進行一定修改,但不需使用過多復雜單詞,達意即可) 其他表達方式:The aim of the report is to summarize the one-day course and recommend some more subjects for a better one. 注意: l 問題中有包含起始部分主要內容,需要針對問題進行歸納總結 l 模板可以沿用第一部分開始表達: The aim of the report is to.... The report is to summarize... l 切記直接進入主題,不需任何寒暄表達 C. Ending Part(Conclusion):歸納文章,初步考慮所提建議或者意見會達到什么效果,或有何其他可能性,歸納語言同樣簡潔 如此文章,既然開頭已經訂出兩個目標,結尾部分可以作為回應起始部分進行歸納總結: 1. 培訓課不錯,應該繼續(xù) 2. 建議加入的新課程會增加培訓課實用性,對員工和公司都有利 根據上述要點進行簡單翻譯: The training course should be continued, but it should contain the recommend subjects which would benfit for both the employee and company. l 將此句子暫時記住或者記住關鍵詞語(黑體下劃線),因為不管提何種意見,最終結果都是需要對公司和員工有幫助(這就是強調意見可行性的原因)。 l 結尾部分歸納盡量回應起始部分,做到有始有終 l 一般考生在寫完文章主題部分后都會有新的觀點去歸納全文,故此處建議大家暫時先記錄關鍵詞語即可,記錄關鍵詞語將有利于考生寫作方向 3. 如何定框架:基本框架(Basic Structure) l 框架的制定可根據問題提出的要點進行分段描寫 l BEC考試的問題要點描述很清晰,將有助于考生在寫作時根據其問題進行分段描述,如上題,問題要求四點: a. 描述你認為最有用的兩門學科 b. 解釋你從這兩門學科有何收益 c. 闡述明年你還想參加何種類型培訓 d. 解釋為何這些培訓對你有幫助 l 從問題看出,a,b可以作為一段,講述已經參加課程的情況,即基本框架中對應的Findings部分(提出問題,解釋問題) l c,d可以作為一段,提出對今后培訓課程的更改,即基本框架中對應的Recommendations部分(提出建議) l 由上述內容可以看出,定框架實際就是定文章的主體部分,則 Findings:歸納培訓課程,出現(xiàn)什么問題,什么最好,有什么好處 Recommendations:提出新課程,為什么加入新課程,有什么獲益 l 段落一經分好,則可以根據四個已有學科進行思考(發(fā)掘潛能、電子商務、員工管理、降低成本),我們將根據上一點內容(斜體下劃線)進行表格制定(請注意,此處表格制定可以運用于今后Letter和Proposal寫作),根據斜體部分,可以制訂出兩個表格,one for Findings, the other for Recommendations l 根據上述內容設定表格框架(問題已經基本幫助大家設定好,故此處只需做好積累和補充擴展即可) l Findings: (Sample) Subject Keep or Not Advantages Benefits Potential Not Might help the new staff None E-commerce Keep Developing Market New ideas M-People Not Same as Potential None Reducing Cost Keep Systematically knowledge Solving cost problems l 根據上文,作者給出的例子是將電子商務和成本管理課程保留,因為此部分內容較為發(fā)揮且確實有用。 l 上述主要觀點已經表述,則將此觀點造句即可: Findings: According to the training course, Developing Potential and Managing People are specific subjects of Human-Resources which have little help for the Marketing Department. But Electronic Commerce does take me into a new world of selling products. As the high-technology developing, we should study more in this field, because it does stand for the trend of selling and buying products in the future. Beisdes, since our department’s cost keeps increasing in the last three years, the Reducing Cost should be also kept in the future. After taking the course, I have realized that some of our cost subjects are really a waste of money. This course will guide us into a systematically management of the cost control. a. 上述段落僅供參考 b. 文段包含兩大部分內容,一是直接排出兩門課程(因為不實用),二是提出保留兩門課程(電子商務和成本控制),因為受到啟發(fā)和有實質性意義 c. 注意表達中并無過多復雜詞匯,但可以適當增加第一部分所提及關聯(lián)詞語以增加連貫性 l Recommendations: New Subjects Advantages Benefits Operation Management Scientific Production-line building Reducing Cost Increaing Effeciency Advertising Media Publishing Advertisement More market share Increasing Profit ... ... ... l 既然在Findings中提出該部門為市場部,則可以選擇市場相關的一些科目 l 其目的最終在于創(chuàng)收或者降低成本,即表格中所涉及受益內容 l 完善上述觀點,造句即可 Recommendations: To earn more and take more market share, I recommend Operation Management and Advertising instead of Developing Potential and Managing People. Operation Management should help in our production-line building, which would help us to produce more effeciency and to reduce maintain cost against the old production-line. Adversting is focusing on our market share expansion. Our formal adversting only published in the newspaper, which cannot follow the new demand of our new product. We can learn from the subject on how to expand our publishing methods and should make a better profit from now. a. 上述文段僅供參考 b. 文段主要內容為提出新課程,并且分析提出該課程原因及受益 c. 注意此部分提議內容必須可行,從公司出發(fā),從個人出發(fā) 4. 組合成文章: l 將以上英文描寫部分進行串聯(lián)即可 l 注意使用部分美觀連詞 l 可以加入小標題(如同第一部分),可增強方向性,并且可讓考官清楚地看到此部分的主要內容 l 例: Topic: Report on Training Course Introduction: The report is about the one-day course I have attended and raise some feasible recommendations for a better training course. Findings: According to the training course, Developing Potential and Managing People are specific subjects of Human-Resources which have little help for the Marketing Department. But Electronic Commerce does take me into a new world of selling products. As the high-technology developing, we should study more in this field, because it does stand for the trend of selling and buying products in the future. Beisdes, since our department’s cost keeps increasing in the last three years, the Reducing Cost should be also kept in the future. After taking the course, I have realized that some of our cost subjects are really a waste of money. This course will guide us into a systematically management of the cost control. Recommendations: To earn more and take more market share, I recommend Operation Management and Advertising instead of Developing Potential and Managing People. Operation Management should help in our production-line building, which would help us to produce more effeciency and to reduce maintain cost against the old production-line. Adversting is focusing on our market share expansion. Our formal adversting only published in the newspaper, which cannot follow the new demand of our new product. We can learn from the subject on how to expand our publishing methods and should make a better profit from now. Conclusion:The training course should be continued, but it should contain the recommend subjects which would benfit for both the employee and company. l 全文總字數(shù)為265(含大小標題) l 可根據需要進行小量修改即可,如結尾部分,不需重復課程是否再開,可以直接強調新課程會對公司和員工都有益即可(The course should help more after the adjustment, which would benfit for both the employee and the company.) l 適當進行相關訓練以增強此種解題方式感覺 5. 檢查: l 單詞拼寫有無錯誤 l 語法、時態(tài)使用是否得當 l 各段落內容是否包含問題所有內容 l 字數(shù)勿超太多,檢查過程中可以做一定刪改 l 盡量保持卷面美觀(勿修改過多) l 時間足夠,勿著急 四. 五. 六. Part Two (Proposal寫作方式) Business Proposal: 1. Almost the same as the business report’s description, but proposal focuses on more feasible recommendations 2. Basic Structure is acceptable, another structure called SWOT Analysis is also recommended. 文章基本框架(Basic Structure): 1. Introduction 2. Findings 3. Recommendations 4. Conclusion 新框架(SWOT Analysis): 1. S:Strength 2. W:Weakness 3. O:Oppotunity 4. T:Threats l S&W focus on the internal, while the others focus on the external l Fashionable Structure in BEC and nowadays, focus on giving solutions for the future l Compared to Basic Structure, the new one would be much easier in answering the quesions with four certained parts 寫作要點: 1. 簡潔明了(同第一部分及報告部分) 2. 段落清晰,方向明確 3. 需要更多商業(yè)思維及可行性意見 4. 問題中出現(xiàn)的人力或市場類題目居多,利用SWOT寫作容易制定框架并且便于發(fā)揮(難度與報告類基本類似) 分步解體: 1. 如何讀題: 如同Report,Proposal也有相同內容,如下題:(Book2,Test1,Part2) l Your Managing Director has decided that the company’s website should be improved and has asked you to consider ways of going about this. l Write a proposal for the Managing Director: a) Summarising the strengths and weaknesses of the current website b) Suggesting new services and information to be provided through the website c) Explaining the benefits the improvements would bring l 問題中斜線部分為重復內容,可以略過速讀 l 黑體下劃線部分為重要部分,但Proposal一般只包含市場和人力類題目,類似此題即為一市場類題目 l 歸納題目要點,此文應該為一篇描述“關于網絡建設的計劃書“,則英文為:The proposal is about the website building. l 另外本文主要要旨有兩點,一個是歸納總結現(xiàn)有優(yōu)勢、劣勢;另外一個是提出相關意見或建議(開頭部分使用,詳見第2點,定首尾)。 2. 定首尾: l 根據第1點中所提,文章的兩個主旨應該包含歸納總結和提出建議,且問題已經包含優(yōu)缺點的歸納和對于將來改進的目標,則起始部分可以以歸納文章主要內容為主, 中文:該計劃書內容包含兩點,一個是歸納目前網站優(yōu)缺點,二是根據缺點提出建議。 英文:The purpose of this proposal is to summarise the situation of the current website and to give some feasible recommendations for it. 1. 如上述英文部分(僅供參考),黑體下劃線部分如同第一部分及報告類開頭句型,而斜體部分則包含此文章的兩個主旨內容,歸納和提議。 2. 文字依然趨向簡單明了,不需過多華麗詞語,達意即可 l 結尾部分可以依據問題或已經歸納的要點進行揣測,問題需要的是建設一個更好的網站,結尾部分就應該包含類似語句,或可以理解為,通過提議,該網站會有什么更好的發(fā)展,而后將此翻譯成英文即可。 中文:在吸取該提議后,網站將會更商業(yè)化,公司盈利也會增加。 英文:After taking the recommendations, the websites would operate more profitable. 1. 將此句子暫時做部分關鍵詞語記錄即可,因為在正式描寫主體部分時可能有適當修改 2. 不管如何修改,一個企業(yè)的運轉最終目的是為了追求效益最大化,故此結果基本可以適用于任何市場類題目 3. 如何定框架: l 根據SWOT四個部分,分別制定四個框架 Strength Strength Reason Stable More fluent Functional Unique Weakness Weakness Reason Unprofitable Too Functional to read Strength Oppotunity Reason Market still increasing More consumer enter the area Cooperate with some commercial websites Profitable Threat Threat Reason Entering level is low Two programmers and PC can found the same web New supporting software Update often a. 根據上述觀點(僅供參考),可以看出,本網站目前已有的優(yōu)勢是專業(yè)性強,運行穩(wěn)定;劣勢是盈利差;根據其可能發(fā)展的規(guī)??磥?,其潛在機會在于目前該網站發(fā)展市場前景依然很大,并且有可能與部分商業(yè)運營性質網站合作以增強盈利;但其潛在威脅在于入門條件低,僅需專業(yè)的編程人員即可組建類似網站,且更新軟件需要及時。 b. 由上述中文歸納觀點,已經基本包含問題內容,前兩點偏向于歸納目前優(yōu)劣勢;后兩點偏向提建議,趨向今后網站發(fā)展。 c. 在SWOT分析過程中,經常出現(xiàn)優(yōu)勢與劣勢并存的狀態(tài),在訓練過程中注意將突出企業(yè)特有的優(yōu)勢部分。 d. 將此部分翻譯成英文大致為: Strengths Th- 配套講稿:
如PPT文件的首頁顯示word圖標,表示該PPT已包含配套word講稿。雙擊word圖標可打開word文檔。
- 特殊限制:
部分文檔作品中含有的國旗、國徽等圖片,僅作為作品整體效果示例展示,禁止商用。設計者僅對作品中獨創(chuàng)性部分享有著作權。
- 關 鍵 詞:
- 劍橋商務英語 BEC 高級 寫作 講義
裝配圖網所有資源均是用戶自行上傳分享,僅供網友學習交流,未經上傳用戶書面授權,請勿作他用。
鏈接地址:http://www.3dchina-expo.com/p-9350030.html