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滬教版高一英語(yǔ)第三四單元重難點(diǎn)解析 ☆重點(diǎn)句型☆ 1. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, ... you may want to try hiking. Instead和instead 0f的用法 2. Say "Hi" / "Hello" / "Thanks" to sb. (for me) 問候的句型 3. Is anybody seeing you off? 進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來 4. She struggled and struggled, and could not get on her feet. (= keep struggling) 5. You should not go rafting unless you know... unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于if... not 6. By staying at..., tourists can help the villagers make money so that they can take care of the fiver and the birds. 目的狀語(yǔ)從句 7. She was so surprised that she couldnt move. 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 8. Tree after tree went down, cut down by water. 過去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 9. The next moment, the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) 10. However, before she could think twice, the water was upon her. It didnt take long before the building was destroyed. before的用法 ☆重點(diǎn)詞匯☆ 1. means n. 方法；途徑 2. experience n. 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 3. equipment n. 設(shè)備 4. successful adj. 成功的 5. protect v. 保護(hù) 6. handle v. 處理 7. consider v. 考慮 8. benefit n. 利益 9. particular adj. 特別的 10. effect n. 效果 11. combine v. 合并 12. unforgettable adj. 不會(huì)忘記的 13. advance v. 前進(jìn) 14. seize v. 抓住 15. struggle v. 奮斗 16. fear v. & n. 害怕 17. strike v. 敲打 18. destroy v. 毀掉 19. publish v. 出版 20. naughty adj. 調(diào)皮的 ☆重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)☆ 1. get away from 逃離 2. watch / look out 注意，當(dāng)心 3. go for a hike / go hiking 去徒步旅游 4. as with 正如……一樣 5. see off 為某人送行 6. on the other hand 在另一方面 7. take care of 照顧 8. get close / near to 接近，湊近 9. tree after tree 一棵又一棵的樹 10. as wall as 也，和……一樣(好) 11. protect…from 保護(hù)……不受……的傷害 12. be surprised at 因……而吃驚 13. be caught / trapped / struck in 被……困住 14. take place 發(fā)生 15. go through 通過，經(jīng)過；經(jīng)歷(痛苦的事) 16. be upon 臨近，逼近 17. hold on to 緊緊抓住 18. refer to 提到，說到；查詢(信息) 19. look into 注視……的內(nèi)部；檢查，調(diào)查 20. for fear of (doing) sth. 惟恐…… ☆交際用語(yǔ)☆ 1. Where would you prefer going...? 2. How would you like to go to...? 3. Have a nice / pleasant trip ! 4. Well, I must be off. 5. Its all right． 6. Im afraid. 7. Come on ! 8. It scares me. 9. Dont worry. 10. First..., next..., then..., finally... ☆單詞聚焦☆ 1. advance的用法 ▲構(gòu)詞：advanced adj. 高等的．先進(jìn)的，高深的 ▲搭配： ① in advance 在前頭，預(yù)先，事先 ② in advance of 在……前面；比……進(jìn)步；超過 ③ on the advance (物價(jià))在上漲 【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths. A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased [考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查形容詞advanced與近義詞的區(qū)別。 [答案與解析]C “高等數(shù)學(xué)”的英譯是advanced maths，advanced意思是“先進(jìn)的。高級(jí)的”。 2. before 的特殊用法 (1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我還沒來得及攔住他，他就跑出了屋子。 (2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周過去了，我們才意識(shí)到。(或：時(shí)間不知不覺已過三周了。) (3) It wasnt / didnt take long before he returned.他沒過多久就回來了。 It wont be long before we graduate. 不要過多久我們就要畢業(yè)了。 3. chance的用法 ▲搭配： ① by any chance 萬(wàn)一，碰巧，或許 ② by chance 偶然，意外地 ③ take a / ones chance 冒一冒險(xiǎn)，碰碰運(yùn)氣，利用一下機(jī)會(huì) 【考例6】 (2005南京模擬)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture. A. work B. luck C. chances D. services [考查目標(biāo)] chance的詞義。 [答案與解析] C chance在本句的詞義是“機(jī)會(huì)”。 4. consider v. (1) 考慮 A) consider + n. / doing I consider going abroad. B) consider + 疑問詞 + to do You have to consider what to do next. (2) 認(rèn)為 A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj. I consider Mary as / to be my best friend. They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country. B) consider + n. + to have done I consider him to have acted disgracefully. 除了consider…as…表認(rèn)為外，還有regard…as …，look on…as…，take…as…，think of…as… 5. cost的用法 ▲ 構(gòu)詞：costly adj. 昂貴的，貴重的 ▲ 搭配： ① cost sb. sth. 花費(fèi)某人(多少錢)；讓某人付出(代價(jià))／犧牲…… ② at all costs 不惜任何代價(jià)．無(wú)論如何 ③ at any cost 不惜任何代價(jià)，無(wú)論如何 ④ at cost (price) 按成本價(jià)格，按原價(jià) ⑤ at the cost of 以……為代價(jià)，用……換來的；喪失；犧牲 【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them. A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste [考查目標(biāo)] 本題考查cost和它的幾個(gè)近義詞的區(qū)別。 [答案與解析] C cost的意思是“耗費(fèi)”，主語(yǔ)是指物的 名詞．而pay和spend等的主語(yǔ)是指人的名詞。 6. effect n. 效果；作用 have an effect on sth. His words had a great pushing effect on his students. (1) be of no effect 無(wú)效 (2) come into effect 開始生效；開始實(shí)行 [比較] affect vt. 影響 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall. 7. experience的用法 ▲構(gòu)詞: experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的，熟練的 ▲搭配: ① by experience 憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)；從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中 ② from experience 憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)；從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中 ③ gain experience in… 獲得……經(jīng)驗(yàn) ④ be experienced in… 某方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn) ▲友情提示: experience這個(gè)詞作為可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)，解釋為“經(jīng)歷”，作為不可數(shù)名詞用時(shí)解釋為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。 【考例】 (2005山西模擬) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed. A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents [考查目標(biāo)] experience的意思。 [答案與解析] C experience常為不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。 8. fear n. & vt. (1) n. 恐懼 (多作不可數(shù)名詞) His face was growing pale with fear. 憂慮；擔(dān)心的事(可數(shù)) There is no reason for your fears. for fear of 由于怕……，以防 He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train. for fear (that) 惟恐；怕的是；以防 She worried for fear that the child would be hurt. in fear of 害怕；擔(dān)心 The thief was in fear of the police. (2) v. 恐懼；害怕，接 n. / pron. Cats fear big dogs. 恐懼；害怕，接to do Dont fear to tell the truth. 恐怕；擔(dān)心，接從句 She feared that she might not find him in his room. ▲構(gòu)詞：fearful adj. 可怕的，嚴(yán)重的；懼怕的，膽怯的；擔(dān)心的，憂慮的 fearless adj. 不怕的，大膽的，勇敢的，無(wú)畏的 ▲搭配： ① be in fear (of) (為……而)提心吊膽 ② for fear of 因?yàn)榕拢灰悦?，怕的? ③ for fear that-clause 生怕；為了防止(某事發(fā)生) ④ have a fear that-clause 擔(dān)心／怕(發(fā)生某事) ⑤ with fear 嚇得，怕得 ⑥ fear (vi.) for... 擔(dān)心／憂慮…… 【考例】(2004江蘇)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train. A. in case of B. instead of C. for fear of D. in search [考查目標(biāo)] fear構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)的用法和意思。 [答案與解析]C for fear of 常在句中作狀語(yǔ)，意思是 “怕的是……。擔(dān)心……”。 9. fun n. 高興；樂趣；有趣的人或事 (1) for fun 為了高興；為著好玩 I only did it for fun. (2) make fun of 開……的玩笑；取笑 It is wrong to make fun of a cripple. [比較] (1) laugh at 笑(某人)；嘲笑 Its unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble. (2) play a joke on 開(某人的)玩笑 10. means n. 手段；辦法 (1) by means of 用……；依靠…… The water may be carried by means of a pipe. (2) by all means 一定；務(wù)必；(表示同意)當(dāng)然可以，沒問題：務(wù)必，無(wú)論如何，千方百計(jì)地 Try by all / every means to persuade him to come. (3) by no means 完全不是；一點(diǎn)也不；決不 This is by no means the first time you have been late. 還有： by this means 用這種方法； by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段 【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job. A. ways B. offers C. means D．helps [考查目標(biāo)] by means of 短語(yǔ)的意思。 [答案與解析] C by means of 的意思是“通過某種手段”。 11. normal adj. 正常的；正規(guī)的 the normal temperature, normal behavior (1) regular 規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的 keep regular hours 生活有規(guī)律；按時(shí)作息 (2) common普通的；常見的 Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的；共同的 have a common interest 有著共同愛好 (3) usual 慣常的；慣例的 Its usual with him to go to the office on foot. (4) ordinary 平凡的；普通的 in ordinary dress 12. once的用法 ▲ 搭配： ① all at once 突然；同時(shí) ② at once 立刻，馬上；同時(shí) ③ (every) once in a while 偶爾，有時(shí)，間或 ④ for this once (= for once，just for once) 就這一次； 破例一回 ⑤ more than once 不止一次，多次 ⑥ not once 一次也不 ⑦ once again / more再一次 ⑧once and again一再，再三 ⑨ once or twice 一兩次；有時(shí)，偶爾 ⑩ once too often又(多了)一次 ? once upon a time從前 【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it. A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless [考查目標(biāo)] 連詞once的用法和詞義。 [答案與解析] B once在作連詞使用時(shí)意思是“一旦”。 13. prefer v. 寧愿；更喜歡 (1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜歡……而不喜歡 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 寧愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 從句(謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should do，should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen. 14. protect的用法 ▲ 構(gòu)詞：protection n. 保護(hù)(者/物)，防御 ▲ 搭配：protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……；使……免于，保護(hù)……使不受 【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____. A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection C. self-respect D. self-service [考查目標(biāo)] protect及其派生詞的詞義。 [答案與解析]B self-protection是名詞，意思是“自我保護(hù)”。 15. separate的用法 ▲ 構(gòu)詞：separation n. [U]分開，分離 ▲ 搭配： ① separate A from B 把A和B分開 ② A is separated from B by… A和B為……所分開／阻隔 ③ separate sth (up) into… 把……分成(幾分) ▲辨析：separate; divide; part 都含“分開”的意思。 separate 指“把原來在一起的人或物分開”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那兩個(gè)打架的孩子拉開，好嗎? divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整體分成若干部分”。 part指“把密切相關(guān)的人或物分開”，還有“分手”之意。 【考例】(NMET 2001)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends. A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed [考查目標(biāo)] 動(dòng)詞separate的詞義。 [答案與解析] A separated和get搭配有被動(dòng)意義，表 示“被隔開；被分隔”。 [牛刀小試1] 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空： (advance, means, cost, protect, fear, separate) 1. The teacher improved the students English by ____ of dictation and recitation. (means) 2. All the goods ___me almost half a million dollars. (cost) 3. We must ____ the wild animals from the hunting. (protect) 4. Every baby should be ____ after he is horn. (separated) 5. None of them ____ death when the enemy came into the village. (feared) 6. There are too many people, so you should have bought a ticket in ____. (advance) ☆精典題例☆ 1. Rainforests ___ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. (NMET 2002春上海) A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 【解析】選C 本題是在語(yǔ)境中考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句意為“雨林以這樣的速度被砍伐和焚燒，會(huì)導(dǎo)致它在不久的將來從地球上消失。”體會(huì)語(yǔ)境和句意便知此處選擇C項(xiàng)，表示現(xiàn)階段在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 2. Twenty-three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing ____ carried out. A. are still being B. have already been C. are always D. will soon be 【解析】選A本句意為“礦井爆炸已過23小時(shí)了，但對(duì)失蹤人員的搜索還在進(jìn)行中?！? 3. -- When are you leaving? -- My plane ____ at 10:45. A. takes off B. took off C. is about to take off D. will take off 【解析】選A飛機(jī)是按時(shí)刻表運(yùn)行的。 4. -- Excuse me, what time is it now? -- Sorry, my watch ____. It ____ at the shop. A. isnt working; is being repaired B. doesnt work; is being repaired C. isnt working; is repaired D. doesnt work; is repaired 【解析】選B doesnt work說明“手表不工作”的狀態(tài)，而不只是現(xiàn)在才壞了。后句意為“手表正在商店里修理”，故應(yīng)用is being repaired。 5. John, who is considered ____ a warm-hearted man, is considering ____ his neighbor out of trouble. A. to be; to help B. to be; helping C. being; to help D. being; helping 【解析】選B be considered to be “被認(rèn)為是……”；consider doing “考慮做某事”。 6. He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ____ it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as 【解析】選C意思是“在事情還未變得更糟之前及 時(shí)糾正錯(cuò)誤”。 7. -- There is something wrong with my bike. -- It doesnt matter. I ____ lend you mine. A. am to B. am going to C. was going to D. will 【解析】選D be to表示按計(jì)劃安排將來的動(dòng)作，be going to 表示最近打算做某事，will 在此是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表示“意志；意愿”。如：I will tell you all about it. 8. Children at the beginning of this century ____ a lot and ____ themselves greatly even without television. A. used to read; enjoying B. used to read; enjoyed C. were used to reading; enjoy D. were used to read; enjoying 【解析】選B 前后時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。